This thesis deals with the polarization of the light and its use in the field of photoelasticity measurement. The theoretical part is divided into two sections. First the light is described as electromagnetic waves in the theoretical section. Further the polarization types are described and the principle of the photoelasticity is explained. Electronic is described in the second section of the theoretical part. In the frame of the experimental part electronic design is presented together with the program for the scanning device controller. The functionality of the device is tested in the last section.

The diploma thesis deals with comparative analysis of stress and strain of notched machine parts using photoelasticity and finite element method (FEM). Experimental and numerical comparative analyses were performed on three models: hook, J shaped bracket and 3-point bending beam with notch. Equivalent stresses, principal stresses and its directions were analyzed. The emphasis is given on photoelasticity, the theory and principles of photoelasticity are described in more detail. FEM analysis was performed using software ANSYS 11. The work presented includes the preparation of polariscope in the laboratory of Institute of machine and industrial design in order to use it in tutorials focused on experimental stress analysis using photoelasticity.