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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

SÃntese enzimÃtica e separaÃÃo cromatogrÃfica de isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos de cadeia longa. / Enzymatic synthesis and chromatographic separation of long chain isomaltooligosaccharides

Maria Cristiane Rabelo 17 August 2012 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Os isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos prÃ-biÃticos sÃo carboidratos capazes de chegar intactos ao intestino grosso, onde sÃo metabolizados pelas bifidobactÃrias e lactobacilos ali presentes, estimulando o seu crescimento e proporcionando efeitos benÃficos à saÃde. Podem ser obtidos por sÃntese enzimÃtica, entretanto, os substratos nÃo consumidos, frutose e dextrana tambÃm estÃo presentes apÃs a formaÃÃo dos isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo a sÃntese enzimÃtica e a separaÃÃo de isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos prÃ-biÃticos por cromatografia de troca iÃnica em escala preparativa. A primeira parte da tese consistiu em investigar o efeito de diferentes estratÃgias de alimentaÃÃo de sacarose e maltose ao meio reacional sobre o alongamento da cadeia dos isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos. A sÃntese foi realizada adicionando-se 1UI/mL da enzima ao meio reacional contendo como substrato os aÃÃcares sacarose e maltose. Na primeira estratÃgia, houve a adiÃÃo somente de sacarose ao meio reacional a cada 2 horas, durante 8 horas. Na segunda estratÃgia, houve a adiÃÃo da mistura de sacarose e maltose ao meio reacional a cada 2 horas, durante 8 horas. Na terceira estratÃgia houve, a cada hora, a adiÃÃo da mistura de sacarose e maltose, durante seis horas. ApÃs este perÃodo, houve adiÃÃo somente de sacarose durante seis horas. A Ãltima estratÃgia de alimentaÃÃo, resultou no alongamento da cadeia dos isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos atà grau de polimerizaÃÃo nove, alÃm do aumento da concentraÃÃo dos mesmos (79,04 g/L) a nÃveis consideravelmente superiores aos reportados na literatura. Na segunda parte da tese, foi avaliada a influÃncia da forma catiÃnica de fases estacionÃrias cromatogrÃficas na separaÃÃo dos isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos. As isotermas de adsorÃÃo dos isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos, monossacarÃdeos e dissacarÃdeos foram determinados em colunas preparativas empacotadas com resina de troca iÃnica em diferentes formas catiÃnicas (K+, Ca2+, H+ e Na+) à 25ÂC. Todas as fases adsorveram os aÃÃcares com capacidade variÃvel, segundo a ordem de afinidade: frutose > glicose > maltose > IMOs com grau de polimerizaÃÃo crescente. Foi verificado que a forma catiÃnica H+ apresentou melhor desempenho para ser utilizada em unidades de leito mÃvel simulado permitindo a separaÃÃo de isomalto-oligossacarÃdeos prÃ-biÃticos com menor diluiÃÃo e maior produtividade. No entanto, a resina na forma K+ apresentou rendimento apenas ligeiramente inferior, sendo mais compatÃvel com os requisitos de tamponamento da reaÃÃo enzimÃtica. / Prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMOs) are carbohydrates able to reach the large bowels intact, where they are metabolized by bifidobacteria and lactobacillus, stimulating their growth and providing beneficial health effects. They may be obtained by enzymatic synthesis using sucrose and maltose as precursors. However, non consumed substrates, fructose and dextran are present together with the produced isomalto-oligosaccharides. This work aimed the optimization of the enzymatic synthesis and the separation of prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides by ion exchange chromatography on semipreparative scale. The first part of the thesis investigated the effect of different feeding strategies of sucrose and maltose to the reaction medium on the chain elongation of isomalto-oligosaccharides. The synthesis was performed by adding 1UI/mL of enzyme to reaction medium containing sucrose and maltose as substrate. In the first strategy, only sucrose was added to the reaction medium every 2 hours for 8 hours. In the second strategy, a mixture of sucrose and maltose was added to the reaction medium every 2 hours for 8 hours. In the third strategy, at every hour, a mixture of sucrose and maltose was added for six hours. Then, only sucrose was added at every hour for more six hours. The latter strategy resulted of isomalto-oligosaccharides chain elongation up to degree of polymerization of 9. The concentration of IMOs (79.04 g/L) was also observed. In the second part of the thesis, the influence of the cationic form of the chromatographic stationary phase in the isomalto-oligosaccharides separation was evaluated. Adsorption isotherms of isomalto-oligosaccharides, maltose, glucose and fructose were determined in preparative columns packed with ion-exchange resin in different cationic forms (K+, Ca2+, H+ and Na+) at 25ÂC. All stationary phases adsorbed the sugars with variable capacities, following the same order of affinity: fructose > glucose > maltose > IMOs with increasing degrees of polymerization. It was found that the resin in H + form presented the best performance to be used in simulated moving bed units, allowing for the separation of prebiotic isomalto-oligosaccharides with lower dilution and higher productivity. Nevertheless, the resin K+ had only a slighty inferior performance and this cation is more compatible with buffer requirements of the enzymatic synthesis.

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