This research extends work done in business and society by employing institutional theory to examine organizational responses to social activism. This work examines how womens' reproductive healthcare facilities have responded to anti-abortion activism. Institutional theory, coupled with the crisis management literature, was used to develop a set of hypotheses. Survey data indicate that rather than conforming to pressures by anti-abortion activists, facilities develop features that actively resist the pressures exerted by this stakeholder group. The work extends research in corporate social performance by pointing out that crisis management can be subsumed under stakeholder management. The work also contributes to the crisis management literature by providing a theoretical base for that work and moves the focus of the work from product/process failures in large organizations to social crises faced by small organizations. It also extends research in institutional theory by expanding the way in researchers conceive of coercive pressures. / Ph. D.

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<p>Polya’s theorem can be used to enumerate objects under permutation groups. Using grouptheory, combinatorics and some examples, Polya’s theorem and Burnside’s lemma arederived. The examples used are a square, pentagon, hexagon and heptagon under theirrespective dihedral groups. Generalization using more permutations and applications tograph theory.Using Polya’s Enumeration theorem, Harary and Palmer [5] give a function whichgives the number of unlabeled graphs n vertices and m edges. We present their work andthe necessary background knowledge.</p>

This dissertation is concerned with the existence and the isomorphism of designs. The first part studies the existence of designs. Chapter I shows how to obtain a design from a difference family. Chapters II to IV study the existence of an affine 3-(p^m,4,λ) design where the v-set is the Galois field GF(p^m). Associated to each prime p, this paper constructs a graph. If the graph has a 1-factor, then a difference family and hence an affine design exists. The question arises of how to determine when the graph has a 1-factor. It is not hard to see that the graph is connected and of even order. Tutte's theorem shows that if the graph is 2-connected and regular of degree three, then the graph has a 1-factor. By using the concept of quadratic reciprocity, this paper shows that if p Ξ 53 or 77 (mod 120), the graph is almost regular of degree three, i.e., every vertex has degree three, except two vertices each have degree tow. Adding an extra edge joining the two vertices with degree tow gives a regular graph of degree three. Also, Tutte proved that if A is an edge of the graph satisfying the above conditions, then it must have a 1-factor which contains A. The second part of the dissertation is concerned with determining if two designs are isomorphic. Here the v-set is any group G and translation by any element in G gives a design automorphism. Given a design B and its difference family D, two topological spaces, B and D, are constructed. We give topological conditions which imply that a design isomorphism is a group isomorphism.

Polya’s theorem can be used to enumerate objects under permutation groups. Using grouptheory, combinatorics and some examples, Polya’s theorem and Burnside’s lemma arederived. The examples used are a square, pentagon, hexagon and heptagon under theirrespective dihedral groups. Generalization using more permutations and applications tograph theory.Using Polya’s Enumeration theorem, Harary and Palmer [5] give a function whichgives the number of unlabeled graphs n vertices and m edges. We present their work andthe necessary background knowledge.

The folio of compositions and critical commentary documents a major practice-led research project that was carried out from 2003-09 on the topic of ‘electroacoustic music with moving images’. The written report analyses and expands on the creative works by supplying detailed information concerning the ‘process’ of composing for the genre, and the ‘language’ of audiovisual media pairing. Sixteen extracts of creative work featuring specific qualities of language are also provided as a means of focussing discussion points. The folio of compositions is comprised of four creative works: Shifting Ground (2005), Mouth Piece (2008), Abide With Me (2009), and Eyepiece (2009), which present a one-hour audiovisual programme. The series was premiered in a special concert Seeing With Ears: Video Works By John Coulter as part of the proceedings of the New Zealand Electroacoustic Music Symposium (NZEMS) 2-4 September 2009, School of Music, University of Auckland, New Zealand. Part 1 of the thesis seeks to illuminate a general process of creative practice that is relevant to all forms of studio-based composition. Three frameworks are examined: those that contain singular creative tasks, those that contain multiple tasks, and those that contain multiple creative projects. A 3-tiered model of reflective practice is then offered, and procedures common to all electroacoustic composers are discussed. The action research paradigm is then presented, followed by domain-specific guidelines for undertaking research. Key differences between ‘composing’ and ‘researching’ are examined, and principles of conducting practice and research simultaneously are submitted. For those working in studio-based settings, the study provides a model, and a vocabulary for discussing his/her creative process, as well as procedural guidelines for contributing to expert domain knowledge through practice-led research. Part 2 of the thesis directly addresses a common paradox faced by composers working with sounds and moving images. On one hand, audiovisual materials appear to offer the possibility of complementing one another - of forming a highly effective means of communicating artistic ideas, and on the other, they appear to carry the risk of detracting from one another – of deforming the musical language that he/she has worked so hard to create. The study seeks to transcend this paradox through the identification of audiovisual materials that function in different ways. Examples of creative work are offered to illustrate more general points of language, a model for classifying media pairs is put forward, and practical methods of audiovisual composition are proposed. The narrow findings of the study offer a vocabulary for discussing the functionality of audiovisual materials, detailed methods of media pairing and techniques of parametric alignment, while the wider findings extend to associated domains such as live electronic music, and hyper-instrument design. In summary, the study recognises both creative works and written works as knowledge-bearing documents. Succinctly stated, the essential research findings are presented and supported by both phenomenological and nominal means - through aspects of creative works that make themselves apparent during the listening process, and through retrospective logical enquiry.

Originating from Silicon Valley in the early 1990s, high-technology-oriented entrepreneurs-turned-philanthropists have applied venture capital principles to philanthropy in order to address intractable social problems, coining the term venture philanthropy (VP). Evolving from an emergent to a pervasive model in Europe in the last two decades, the VP approach has been considered as an innovative alternative to the traditional philanthropy (TP) type of benevolence and cheque-writing (Anheier and Leat 2006). With increasing expectations, in the context of governmental hollowing-out of social services, debate seems to have become polarised. VP is criticised for not being a solution to changes in the social landscape and for its business approaches failing to address fundamental social issues (Sievers 2001; Anheier and Leat 2006; Shiller 2012) and so remaining simply a myth. This research explores the nature of VP based on the organisational perspectives of four funders in Scotland, with a focus on the engagement process. The new empirical data regarding the funding distribution process are gathered with the aim of answering the core questions: 'why give', 'what to give' and 'how to give'. A new operational framework for analysing funders is developed and is used to analyse processual trajectories mapping the convergence and divergence amongst the four funders, citing new evidence from Scotland. Case studies from the years 2011 to 2014 present four grant-giving modes respectively: 1) pure grant-giving but emerging to a business approach applied to funding distribution; 2) grant-giving but applying venture capital approaches (VP); 3) mixed grants and repayable business loans; and 4) repayable business loans. To map the feature of emergent trajectory, a new operational framework is proposed and utilised for analysis. Research findings suggest that a pattern of resource heterogeneity is emerging in the four funding models in response to isomorphic forces. While dealing with inward (governance) and outward (market and political) legitimacy forces, hero-entrepreneurs are shown in the four cases as the key driver to identify the need for change and drive change forward. Meanwhile, hero-entrepreneurship behaviour is associated with the setting of goals, shaping the rationale of the funding scheme, marshalling resources and aligning with partners to demonstrate value adding through the engagement process. The contribution of this research to the philanthropic field is threefold. Firstly, with regard to its theoretical contribution, the findings support conventional isomorphic change theory by arguing: a) that the agent-conduit-roles of funders are not determined by structure, but rather individual agents (hero-entrepreneurs) play a cementing role in the change process of initiating, leading, diffusing influence and levering power for social change; and b) that in their agent-conduit-roles funders act as an active but reflective intermediary, change taking place in the process of legitimacy and resource distribution through the cycle of change-model shaping; convening and conducting; reflecting, dismantling and reshaping. This contribution enhances and complements the discovery by Mair and Hehenberger (2014), which suggests TP and VP create shared space for negotiation, shared objectives and a reflective isomorphic process (Nicholls 2010a). Arguably, funders should strategically consider complex and plural elements of funding and integrating a competitive market and a cooperative rationale with emotional motives into a decision-making. Realisation of social objectives will ultimately be achieved through reflective isomorphic processes, adjusting the funding structure to fit social contexts with convergent resources alignment. Secondly, with regard to its empirical contribution, this research proposes a new typology of funders. Different from the typology proposed by Ostrower (2006), the new typology proposal is based on what the funding is for. The elements of the new typology are synthesised from why, how and what in action, i.e. grant-giving mode, engagement approach and level of risks. Thirdly, practical contributions emerging from the implications of the proposed framework, which are discussed in the concluding chapter, may improve the quality of decision-making in funding behaviour and may also help to shape modes of governance for social problem-solving.

Orientador: Claudio Airoldi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T00:22:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pires_CleoThomasGabrielVilelaMenegazTeixeira_D.pdf: 3067472 bytes, checksum: c700c7da8e03afe86cb307d460e98b2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem sido observado um crescente interesse na obtenção de materiais lamelares modificados, devido as suas propriedades únicas e consequentes aplicações científicas e tecnológicas possíveis. Ácidos silícicos como a magadeíta, a kaneíta e a ilerita são compostos extremamente versáteis, podendo-se variar os seus espaçamentos basais a partir de intercalações com grupos de cadeia carbônica longa ou troca iônica. Outras alterações possíveis são as substituições isomórficas do silício por átomos tri- ou tetravalentes como alumínio e titânio respectivamente, modificando as propriedades químicas da lamela. Neste trabalho os ácidos silícicos lamelares magadeíta, ilerita e kaneíta foram sintetizados pelo método hidrotérmico, contendo também átomos de Al e Ti inseridos na estrutura. Em todos os casos observou-se que conforme aumenta-se a quantidade de metal adicionado ou o tempo de tratamento hidrotérmico, ocorrem transições de fase que seguem a ordem: amorfa, fase lamelar de interesse, cristobalita e tridimita, bem como suas misturas em situações intermediárias. Diferentes métodos de pilarização com TiO2 foram exaustivamente testados, variando-se uma série de parâmetros. O método que se mostrou mais eficiente consistiu na utilização de CTAB e TBAOH como agentes espaçadores sob refluxo a 353 K, seguido de adição direta do alcoxido no material intercalado seco, então refluxados a 363 K sob fluxo de nitrogênio. Os materiais obtidos por este método possuem mesoporos com 4,8 nm de diâmetro em media, porem a área superficial obtida foi de apenas cerca de 270 m g. Nos materiais pilarizados foram imobilizados os fotocatalisadores pirílio (TPP) e tiapirílio (TPTP) de modo a provar a eficiência na degradação fotocatalítica do pesticida metidation. Os materiais híbridos apresentaram desempenho superior aos fotocatalisadores orgânicos puros, o que representa um ótimo ponto inicial para a otimização deste processo. Também o comportamento fotofísico dos corantes impregnados nos materiais pilarizados foram estudados / Abstract: Recently, the interest to obtain modified layered materials is increasing, due to their properties and possible scientific and technological applications. Silicic acids such as magadiite, kenyaite and ilerite are extremely versatile compounds, allowing to vary the basal spacing by intercalation with carbonic long chains groups or ionic exchange process. Other possible modifications are isomorphic substitution by aluminum, titanium or iron atoms, with changeing the lamella chemical properties. In this investigation layered silicic acids magadiite, ilerite and kenyaite, containing also Al and Ti atoms inserted into the lamellar structure, were synthesized by hydrothermal method. For all cases was observed that with the increase of metal amount added or the hydrothermal treatment time there are phase transitions, following the order: from amorphous, to layered phase to crystobalite and tridimite, as mixtures of them at intermediate situations. Different pilarization methods with TiO2 were exhaustedly tested by varying many parameters. The most efficient methods used CTAB and TBAOH as swelling agents under reflux at 353 K, followed by direct alcoxide addition on the dry material, then refluxed at 363 K with dry nitrogen atmosphere. These materials have mesopores with 4.8 nm average diameter, nevertheless just 270 m g surface area. Some pillared materials were used to immobilize the photocatalyst pyrylium (TPP) and thiopyrylium (TPTP) and then test in the photocatalytic degradation of methidathion pesticide. The hybrid materials showed a better activity than that of pure organic, what means a great initial point to optimize this process. The photophysic behavior of impregnated dyes on pillared materials was also studied / Doutorado / Quimica Inorganica / Doutor em Ciências

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T19:34:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcondes.pdf: 2502005 bytes, checksum: 384f115c0770db166042dbe767e7351d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-26 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The lattice of three kaolinites as well as their ability to remove ions orthophosphate was investigated. The soil samples were collected in the following places: i) Estrada do Turismo (Oxisol, and ii) Bacia do Educandos (sediment) and Campus of the Universidade Federal do Amazonas (sediment). The kaolinites were obtained from soil samples using the physical fractionation (sieving/siphoning) and chemical treatment (HCl, H2SO4, H2O2, and KCl). The kaolinite lattice were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal analyses (TG / DTA / DTG) and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The adsorption capacity of orthophosphate ions was calculated by equations of Freundlich and Langergren. Despite transitions of typical pure kaolinites, findings indicate the presence of a clay mineral isomorphically substituted by Fe3+. The Fe3+ substitution changed kaolinites lattice such as optical propriety mainly pleochroism, reducing mean particle size, rinsing number of defects, magnetic proprieties. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed that the isomorphic substitution by Fe3+ occurs in octahedral sites. In whole kaolinite lattices there are different octaedral sites of Al bounded by cis-Fe3+ and trans-Fe3+ octaedral sites. The Kao1, which has higher number of cis-Fe3+ octaedral sites, adsorbed higher contents of orthophosphate ions than Kao2 and Kao3. / A estrutura de três caulinitas, bem como a sua capacidade para remover íons ortofosfato, foi investigada. As amostras de solo e sedimentos de fundo foram coletadas nos seguintes locais: i) Estrada do Turismo (Latossolo Amarelo), e ii) Bacia do Educandos (sedimento) e Campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas (sedimento). As caulinitas foram obtidas a partir do fracionamento físico (peneiração/sifonação) e tratamento químico (HCl, H2SO4, H2O2, e KCl). A estrutura da caulinita foi determinada por Fluorescência de Raios X (FRX), Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Análises térmicas (TG/DTG/DTA), Espectroscopia no Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier (FTIR), Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) e Espectroscopia Mössbauer. A capacidade de adsorção dos íons ortofosfato foi calculada pelas equações de Freundlich e Langergren. Apesar de transições típicas de caulinitas puras, os resultados indicam a presença de um mineral de argila isomorficamente substituído por Fe3+. A substituição de Fe3+ modificou as estruturas da caulinitas puras conforme observadas nas propriedades ópticas principalmente pleocroísmo, redução do tamanho médio de partícula, número de defeitos de lavagem, propriedades magnéticas. A espectroscopia Mössbauer mostrou que a substituição isomórfica por Fe3+ ocorre em sítios octaédricos. Em todas as estruturas das caulinita existem diferentes sítios octaédricos de Al3+ substituídos por Fe3+ formando octaedros do tipo cis-Fe3+ e trans-Fe3+. O Kao1, apresenta maior número sítios octaedrais cis-Fe3+, adsorvendo maior quantidade de íons ortofosfato que Kao2 e Kao3

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-04-11T14:17:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Marilia G. G. Rezende.pdf: 5299990 bytes, checksum: f0eba071eec55b88045d8af467caae43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-04-11T14:17:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Marilia G. G. Rezende.pdf: 5299990 bytes, checksum: f0eba071eec55b88045d8af467caae43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T14:17:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Marilia G. G. Rezende.pdf: 5299990 bytes, checksum: f0eba071eec55b88045d8af467caae43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Understanding governance in rural communities in the state of Amazonas requires interdisciplinary knowledge, since understanding the network of political articulation involves a constellation of knowledge. Despite the existence of many works related to this theme, there is a presumed state apriorism in the representation of the network of political articulation, which leads to an exacerbated role of the State in the face of other forms of social organization. In this sense, the objective of this work was to analyze environmental governance in the communities of São Francisco and São José do Botafogo, located on Careiro da Várzea Island. In order to achieve this, a number of methodological tools were used, such as forms and open interviews. In addition, the Venn Diagram of Agriculture, Fisheries and Vegetable Extraction were constructed in both communities. The Matrix F.O.F.A. and the Crop Matrix were also used, aiming to expand the process of exploration and research of the real. It can be inferred, after analyzing the data, that the governance existing in the communities studied is an isomorphic governance, based on the correspondence between land, forests and working water. The material expression of this network of political articulation is cybernetic management, which reuses exergy through neguentropic productive processes. Conservation strategies and human adaptation are guided by riverside environmental knowledge, which establishes specific ways of exploiting natural resources, centered on respect for ecosystem resilience and maintenance of the autopoiesis of the Varzean environmental system. Isomorphic governance and cybernetic management were concepts created after a long process of systematization and data analysis, configured in the process of intellectual craftsmanship of this thesis. / Compreender a governança em comunidades rurais no estado do Amazonas requer conhecimentos interdisciplinares, visto que a compreensão da rede de articulação política envolve uma constelação de conhecimentos. Apesar da existência de inúmeros trabalhos relativos à essa temática, há um apriorismo estatal presumido na representação da rede de articulação política, o que leva à um exacerbado protagonismo do Estado, em face das demais formas de organização social. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a governança ambiental nas comunidades São Francisco e São José do Botafogo, localizadas na Ilha do Careiro da Várzea. Para atingi-lo, foram utilizadas inúmeras ferramentas metodológicas, como formulários e entrevistas abertas, além disso, foram construídos o Diagrama de Venn da agricultura, da pesca e do extrativismo vegetal em ambas as comunidades. A Matriz F.O.F.A. e a Matriz dos Cultivos também foram utilizadas, visando ampliar o processo de exploração e investigação do real. Pode-se inferir, após a análise dos dados, que a governança existente nas comunidades estudadas é uma governança isomórfica, pautada na correspondência triunívoca entre as terras, florestas e águas de trabalho. A expressão material dessa rede de articulação política é a gestão cibernética, que reaproveita a exergia por meio de processos produtivos neguentrópicos. As estratégias de conservação e de adaptação humana são orientadas pelo saber ambiental camponês, que estabelece modos específicos de exploração dos recursos naturais, centrados no respeito à resiliência ecossistêmica e na manutenção da autopoiese do sistema ambiental varzeano. A governança isomórfica e a gestão cibernética foram conceitos criados após um longo processo de sistematização e análise dos dados, configurados no processo de artesanato intelectual desta tese.