There is a long history of interesting connections between topological dynamical systems and C*-algebras. Iterated function systems are an important topic in dynamics, but the diversity of these systems makes it challenging to develop an associated class of C*-algebras. Kajiwara and Watatani were the first to construct a C*-algebra from an iterated function system. They used an algebraic approach involving Cuntz-Pimsner algebras; however, when investigating properties such as ideal structure, they needed to assume that the functions in the system are the inverse branches of a continuous map. This excludes many famous examples, such as the standard functions used to construct the Siérpinski Gasket. In this thesis, we provide a construction of an inductive limit of étale equivalence relations for a broad class of affine iterated function systems, including the Siérpinski Gasket and its relatives, and consider the associated C*-algebras. This approach provides a more dynamical perspective, leading to interesting results that emphasize how properties of the dynamics appear in the C*-algebras. In particular, we show that the C*-algebras are isomorphic for conjugate systems, and find ideals related to the open set condition. In the case of the Siérpinski Gasket, we find explicit isomorphisms to subalgebras of the continuous functions from the attractor to a matrix algebra. Finally, we consider the K-theory of the inductive limit of these algebras. / Graduate

<p>Cilj ove teze je da se ispitaju&nbsp; lanci u parcijalnim uredjenjima (P(X), &sub;),&nbsp;pri čemu je P(X) skup domena izomorfnih podstruktura relacijske strukture&nbsp;X. Po&scaron;to se svaki lanac u parcijalnom uredjenju može produžiti do maksimalnog lanca, dovoljno je ispitati maksimalne lance u P(X). Dokazano je da, ako je X ultrahomogena relacijska struktura koja ima netrivijalne izomorfne&nbsp;podstrukture, onda je svaki maksimalan lanac u (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) kompletno&nbsp;linearno uredjenje koje se utapa u R i ima neizolovan minimum. Ako &nbsp;je X&nbsp;relacijska struktura, dat je dovoljan uslov da za svako kompletno linearno uredjenje L koje se utapa&nbsp; u R i ima neizolovan minimum, postoji maksimalan lanac u (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) izomorfan L.&nbsp; Dokazano je i da ako je&nbsp;X neka od sledećih relacijskih struktura: Rado graf, Hensonov graf, random poset, ultrahomogeni&nbsp; poset Bn&nbsp; ili&nbsp; ultrahomogeni&nbsp; poset Cn; onda je&nbsp;L izomorfno maksimalnom lancu u (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) ako i samo ako je &nbsp;L&nbsp;kompletno,&nbsp; utapa se u R i ima neizolovan minimum. Ako je X prebrojiv&nbsp;antilanac ili disjunktna unija &micro; kompletnih&nbsp; grafova sa &nu; tačaka za &micro;&nu; = &omega;, onda je L izomorfno maksimalnom lancu u (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) ako i samo ako&nbsp;je bulovsko,&nbsp; utapa se u R i ima neizolovan minimum.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to investigate chains in partial orders (P(X), &sub;), where P(X) is the set of domains of isomorphic substructures of a relational structure X. Since each chain in a partial&nbsp; order can be extended to a maximal one, it is enough to describe maximal chains in P(X). It is proved that, if X is an ultrahomogeneous relational structure with non-trivial isomorphic substructures, then each maximal&nbsp; chain in (P(X)&cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) is a complete, R-embeddable linear order with minimum&nbsp; non-isolated. If X is a relational structure, a condition is given for X, which is sufficient&nbsp; for (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) to embed each complete,&nbsp; R-embeddable&nbsp; linear order with minimum non-isolated as a maximal&nbsp; chain.&nbsp; It is also proved that if X is one of the follow- ing relational structures: Rado graph, Henson graph, random poset, ultrahomogeneous poset Bn or ultrahomogeneous poset Cn; then L is isomorphic to a maximal&nbsp; chain in (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) if and only if L is complete, R-embeddable with minimum non-isolated. If X is a countable&nbsp; antichain&nbsp; or disjoint union of &micro; complete graphs with &nu; points where &micro;&nu; = &omega;, then L is isomorphic to a maximal&nbsp; chain&nbsp; in (P(X) &cup; {&empty;}&nbsp; , &sub;) if and only if L is Boolean, R-embeddable with minimum non-isolated.</p>

Background: Marketing communication is the process of communicating with the customer, this is all communicative materials that are produced by the firm in order to influence the consumer. Regulations are all the rules, instructions, memos issued by a market authority that dictate the ways a firm may present their brand. Important to gain the firm's understanding of regulations and the ways to work within them. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore how external regulations impact marketing communications from the firm's perspective. Research Question: How do companies understand the impact of regulations on marketing communications and work within them? Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework was established using the marketing communications mix in combination with institutional theory, investigating the research question through the lens of institutional pressures. Methodology: This study used a qualitative and inductive approach, using a case study on the Canadian cannabis industry. Using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with three respondents to collect data. Analysing the collected data with a systematic coding process to objectively interpret meaning from the respondents perspectives. Conclusion: The conclusions of this paper were threefold. First, coercive pressure is the most observed form of isomorphic pressure as there has not been enough industry maturity to establish normative pressures which leads to a hesitancy of mimetic behaviour. Secondly, there are multiple layers of institutional pressures from various dominant actors within the shared organisational environment, which leaves firms feeling incapable of marketing. Lastly, personal selling is the most effective tool from the marketing communication mix due to the impacts of the regulations and the infancy of the market.  Contribution: Study confirms the findings of Asquith’s (2021) research. Multiple layers of institutional pressure in the industry. Infant markets are more susceptible to coercive pressure.

Investigamos, nesta tese, as bases filogenéticas do léxico humano e o modo como elas foram articuladas às habilidades combinatoriais no curso da evolução. Partimos de uma avaliação da interação entre o léxico e a sintaxe com o intuito de determinar quanto da derivação sintática é dependente de informações lexicais e, em que medida, as propostas disponíveis são coerentes com o desenvolvimento evolutivo humano. Nosso objetivo principal é fornecer uma hipótese para a interface entre o léxico e a sintaxe que seja explicativa e evolutivamente adequada. Para esclarecer as discordâncias empíricas e teóricas observadas, propomos, em contrapartida, uma nova abordagem para a gramática, a Abordagem Isomórfica. Argumentamos que o léxico humano decorre do agrupamento de um conjunto de sistemas pré-adaptados que evoluíram separadamente um sistema conceitual-intencional, um sistema sensório-motor e um sistema funcional, cuja integração é um produto direto da emergência de um sistema combinatorial recursivo. Operacionalmente, buscamos, com essa abordagem, reduzir a influência lexical na formação de um objeto linguístico, na tentativa de assegurar uma isonomia funcional entre o léxico e a sintaxe. Motivamos, adicionalmente, a exaptação de um sistema responsável por derivar as unidades discretas empregadas pelo sistema combinatorial, a que damos o nome de sistema funcional. Compartilhado com primatas não humanos, o sistema funcional justifica-se pelo paralelismo entre a denotação rígida das vocalizações de alerta de primatas não humanos e o conteúdo fixo das unidades funcionais da linguagem humana. Propomos, com base nessa correlação, que os mecanismos cognitivos subjacentes aos sistemas de vocalização primata, instanciados pelo sistema funcional, correspondem aos precursores filogenéticos dos traços formais. Funcionalmente, essa nova abordagem incorpora a visão neoconstrucionista de que a derivação da estrutura sintática independe de informações codificadas nas entradas lexicais. Tal conjectura assegura a autonomia funcional da sintaxe, o que, como resultado, nos aproxima do caminho para se ir além da adequação explicativa. / We investigate, in this dissertation, the phylogenetic bases of human lexicon and how they were articulated with combinatorial abilities in evolution. We begin with an evaluation of the interaction between lexicon and syntax to determine how much of the syntactic derivation is dependent on lexical information, and to which extent the available proposals are consistent with human evolutionary development. Our main goal is to come up with an account for the lexicon-syntax interface that is both explanatory and evolutionarily adequate. In an attempt to eliminate the observed empirical and theoretical divergences, we propose a new approach to grammar, the Isomorphic Approach. We claim the human lexicon arouse from the assemblage of a set of pre-adapted systems that evolved separately viz., a conceptual-intentional, a sensory-motor, and a functional system, whose integration is a by-product of the emergence of a recursive combinatorial system. Operationally, we seek, with this approach, to reduce the burden of lexical influence in the derivation of a linguistic object, with the view to establish a functional isonomy between lexicon and syntax. Furthermore, we motivate the exaptation of a pre-adapted system responsible for deriving the discrete units that feed the combinatorial engine, which we call functional system. Shared with non-human primates, the functional system finds justification in the parallel between the rigid denotation of non-human primate alert calls and the fixed content of human language functional units. We propose, based on this conjecture, that the cognitive mechanisms underlying non-human primate alarm-calling systems, suggestively made available by the functional system, comprise the phylogenetic precursors of human language formal features. Functionally, this new approach incorporates the neo-constructionist view that the derivation of a syntactic structure is independent of lexically encoded instructions. With this premise, we aim to ensure the establishment of an autonomous syntax, which, as a result, brings us closer to the road toward a level of explanation that goes beyond explanatory adequacy.

Investigamos, nesta tese, as bases filogenéticas do léxico humano e o modo como elas foram articuladas às habilidades combinatoriais no curso da evolução. Partimos de uma avaliação da interação entre o léxico e a sintaxe com o intuito de determinar quanto da derivação sintática é dependente de informações lexicais e, em que medida, as propostas disponíveis são coerentes com o desenvolvimento evolutivo humano. Nosso objetivo principal é fornecer uma hipótese para a interface entre o léxico e a sintaxe que seja explicativa e evolutivamente adequada. Para esclarecer as discordâncias empíricas e teóricas observadas, propomos, em contrapartida, uma nova abordagem para a gramática, a Abordagem Isomórfica. Argumentamos que o léxico humano decorre do agrupamento de um conjunto de sistemas pré-adaptados que evoluíram separadamente um sistema conceitual-intencional, um sistema sensório-motor e um sistema funcional, cuja integração é um produto direto da emergência de um sistema combinatorial recursivo. Operacionalmente, buscamos, com essa abordagem, reduzir a influência lexical na formação de um objeto linguístico, na tentativa de assegurar uma isonomia funcional entre o léxico e a sintaxe. Motivamos, adicionalmente, a exaptação de um sistema responsável por derivar as unidades discretas empregadas pelo sistema combinatorial, a que damos o nome de sistema funcional. Compartilhado com primatas não humanos, o sistema funcional justifica-se pelo paralelismo entre a denotação rígida das vocalizações de alerta de primatas não humanos e o conteúdo fixo das unidades funcionais da linguagem humana. Propomos, com base nessa correlação, que os mecanismos cognitivos subjacentes aos sistemas de vocalização primata, instanciados pelo sistema funcional, correspondem aos precursores filogenéticos dos traços formais. Funcionalmente, essa nova abordagem incorpora a visão neoconstrucionista de que a derivação da estrutura sintática independe de informações codificadas nas entradas lexicais. Tal conjectura assegura a autonomia funcional da sintaxe, o que, como resultado, nos aproxima do caminho para se ir além da adequação explicativa. / We investigate, in this dissertation, the phylogenetic bases of human lexicon and how they were articulated with combinatorial abilities in evolution. We begin with an evaluation of the interaction between lexicon and syntax to determine how much of the syntactic derivation is dependent on lexical information, and to which extent the available proposals are consistent with human evolutionary development. Our main goal is to come up with an account for the lexicon-syntax interface that is both explanatory and evolutionarily adequate. In an attempt to eliminate the observed empirical and theoretical divergences, we propose a new approach to grammar, the Isomorphic Approach. We claim the human lexicon arouse from the assemblage of a set of pre-adapted systems that evolved separately viz., a conceptual-intentional, a sensory-motor, and a functional system, whose integration is a by-product of the emergence of a recursive combinatorial system. Operationally, we seek, with this approach, to reduce the burden of lexical influence in the derivation of a linguistic object, with the view to establish a functional isonomy between lexicon and syntax. Furthermore, we motivate the exaptation of a pre-adapted system responsible for deriving the discrete units that feed the combinatorial engine, which we call functional system. Shared with non-human primates, the functional system finds justification in the parallel between the rigid denotation of non-human primate alert calls and the fixed content of human language functional units. We propose, based on this conjecture, that the cognitive mechanisms underlying non-human primate alarm-calling systems, suggestively made available by the functional system, comprise the phylogenetic precursors of human language formal features. Functionally, this new approach incorporates the neo-constructionist view that the derivation of a syntactic structure is independent of lexically encoded instructions. With this premise, we aim to ensure the establishment of an autonomous syntax, which, as a result, brings us closer to the road toward a level of explanation that goes beyond explanatory adequacy.

Datum: 2022-05-30  Nivå: Magisteruppsats i Företagsekonomi, 15 hp Akademi: Akademin för Ekonomi, Samhälle och Teknik, Mälardalens Universitet  Författare: Amanda Gustafsson (98/01/23) och Malva Hornfelt (95/11/21) Titel: Opinionsbildning för ett jämställt arbetsliv? Handledare: Magnus Linderström  Nyckelord: Jämställdhet, institutionalism, särkoppling, isomorfism, idéspridning, intresseorganisationer Forskningsfrågor: Övergripande fråga; Vilka institutionella förhållanden och processer återfinns i opinionsbildningen om jämställdhet?  Underfrågor; Hur kommer idéspridning till uttryck i Ledarnas opinionsbildning? Hur positionerar sig Ledarna i förhållande till isomorfa processer? Hur framställs Ledarnas opinionsbildning och uttalanden i förhållande till särkoppling? Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka Ledarna och deras ställningstaganden kring jämställdhet utifrån ett institutionellt perspektiv, för att skapa djupare förståelse för de institutionella förhållanden och processer som försvårar aktualiseringen av jämställdhet i praktiken. Metod: I studien används en kvalitativ fallstudiemetodik och en tematisk dokumentanalys som främsta verktyg. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av publicerade dokument i form av debattartiklar och blogginlägg. Slutsats: Opinionsbildningen präglas av institutionella processer i form av särkoppling, idéspridning och föreställningar som tolkas som sanning. Idéspridning och föreställningar förekommer i syfte att synliggöra den särkoppling och dissonans som finns i jämställdhetsdebatten. Förståelse för de institutionella strukturernas förhållande till debattens utformning har möjliggjorts i och med studiens teoretiska tolkning av fenomenet. Studiens empiriska bidrag möjliggör en djupare förståelse för fenomenet i den givna kontexten och bör ej generaliseras. / Date: 2022-05-30 Level: Master thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr  Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University  Authors: Amanda Gustafsson (98/01/23) and Malva Hornfelt (95/11/21) Title: Debating for work life equality? Supervisor: Magnus Linderström  Keywords: Equality, institutionalism, decoupling, isomorphic processes, translation of ideas, trade unions. Research questions: Overarching question; Which institutional processes are present in the debate regarding gender equality? Sub-questions; How is translation of ideas presented in the trade union Ledarna’s opinions? What is the trade union Ledarna’s stance regarding isomorphic processes? How are the opinions of the trade union Ledarna presented in regard to decoupling? Purpose: The purpose of this case study is to establish a deeper understanding of the institutional processes which complicate the actualization of gender equality in the workplace, by examining the views presented by the Swedish trade union Ledarna in the debate regarding gender equality. Method: This is a qualitative case study which utilizes a thematic document analysis as its main tool of analysis. The empirical data consists of web-based publications such as blog posts and debate articles. Conclusion: The debate is characterized by institutional processes such as decoupling, translation of ideas and perceptions perceived as truths. Translation of ideas as well as perceptions are used in the debate to visualize the dissonance and decoupling which is present in the views surrounding the gender equality debate. Deeper understanding for the relationship between the debate and the institutional processes have been generated due to the theoretical interpretation of the phenomenon. The empirical contribution of the study establishes a deeper understanding for the phenomena in its given context and thus should not be generalized or used for wider application within organizational theory.

L’étude de l’adsorption et de la mobilité des ions dans les argiles est importante pour mieux appréhender de nombreux processus géochimiques et environnementaux, de même que pour prédire le comportement des radionucléides dans les conditions du stockage géologique. A cause de leurs tailles très petites (< 2μm), il n’est pas toujours évident d’étudier les argiles à l’aide des méthodes et techniques expérimentales existantes. L’une des alternatives à ce problème consiste alors à utiliser la modélisation moléculaire pour les étudier. En plus de leurs tailles fines, les argiles présentent également des structures complexes, qui peuvent survenir en raison de la multiplicité de possibilités de distributions et d’arrangements des substitutions isomorphiques dans leurs couches. Il a été clairement démontré qu’il existe une corrélation entre la distribution des substitutions dans les couches des argiles et les propriétés de ces dernières. En revanche, ceci reste à démontrer en ce qui concerne l’arrangement de ces substitutions dans les couches de l’argile. Dans ce travail, la modélisation moléculaire est utilisée pour déterminer et comparer les propriétés d’hydratation, ainsi que la structure et la mobilité des ions (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ni²⁺, UO₂²⁺) et de l’eau dans l’espace interfoliaire de trois modèles de montmorillonite, différents entre eux par l’arrangement des substitutions isomorphiques dans les couches de l’argile.L’adsorption et la diffusion des cations cités plus haut et de l’eau sont également étudiées à la surface de la montmorillonite et les résultats sont comparés à ceux obtenus dans l’espace interfoliaire à 298 K et à 363 K. Les résultats obtenus dans ce travail s’accordent bien avec les observations expérimentales, et font ressortir une corrélation plus ou moins importante entre le modèle d’argile utilisé et le type de propriété calculée. Cette corrélation dépend également de la nature du cation présent dans la structure de la montmorillonite et de sa teneur en eau. / The study of adsorption and ion mobility in clay minerals is important for a better understanding of many geochemical and environmental processes, as well as to predict the behavior of radionuclides in geological storage conditions. Because of their very small size (<2μm), it is not always easy to study clays by using the existing experimental methods and techniques. One alternative to this issue is to use computational molecular modeling to carry out clay studies. In addition to their tiny size, clays minerals also have complex structures, which can appear due to various possibilities in the distribution and arrangement of isomorphic substitutions in their layers. It has been clearly demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between the distribution of substitutions in the clay layers and their properties. However, this remains to be shown regarding the arrangement of the substitutions in the layers of the clay. In this work, computational molecular modeling techniques are used to determine and compare the hydration properties, as well as the structure and mobility of ions (Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺, Ni²⁺,UO₂²⁺) and water in the interlayer space of the three models of montmorillonite, that differ from each other by the arrangement of isomorphic substitutions in the clay layers.The adsorption and diffusion of the previously listed cations and water are also studied on the surface of montmorillonite clay and the results are compared to those obtained in the interlayer space both at 298 K and at 363 K. The data generated in this work agree well with experimental observations, and show a more or less significant correlation between the clay model used and the type of property calculated.

Cette thèse porte sur l’influence des facteurs sémantiques dans la résolution de problèmes additifs isomorphes, et sur les différences de difficulté en résultant. Les contextes statiques favorisent la stratégie basée sur la recherche de la valeur de la partie complémentaire et ceux de type temporel favorisent l’analogie entre éléments homologues. L’objectif est de : (i) montrer que les situations de transformation d’états sont intermédiaires entre les situations statiques et temporelles, (ii) faire appliquer à des contextes statiques la procédure favorisée par le contexte temporel et inversement. Les expériences sont réalisées auprès d’élèves de CM1/CM2. La première atteste du statut intermédiaire des situations de transformation d’état, leur conférant un rôle pivot potentiel pour certaines acquisitions. Les problèmes de transvasement favorisent moins la solution fondée sur le complément que les énoncés de type ensembliste et moins la solution fondée sur la comparaison que ceux de type temporel. Dans la seconde expérience, deux conditions d’apprentissage sont testées : l’une par instruction écrite, l’autre par intervention pédagogique orale. Cette dernière favorise nettement la stratégie par différence-comparaison pour des problèmes d’effectifs, et celle par différence-complément pour les problèmes d’âges. L’effet de généralisation est plus marqué dans le groupe qui a appris la stratégie par différence-comparaison. Dans l’apprentissage écrit, la stratégie différence-comparaison est transférée aux problèmes d’effectifs et généralisée aux problèmes non appris ; la stratégie différence-complément n’est pas transférée aux contextes inhabituels. / This thesis examines semantic factors in additive problem solving and the related differences in difficulties. The problems studied can be solved by two strategies: the complementation strategy, based on a step by step procedure; and the matching procedure, based on the analogy between homologous elements. The two objectives of this work are: (i) to show that change problems are intermediate between combination problems with frequency contexts and combination problems with age contexts; (ii) to transfer to age problems the complementation procedure usually applied to frequency problems, and transfer to frequency problems the matching strategy usually applied to age problem. The experiments were conducted with children of 4th and 5th grades. The first experiment demonstrates that the change situations are intermediate between frequency and age problems. less often solved by a complementation strategy than frequency problems and less often solved by a matching strategy than age problems. In the second experiment, two teaching situations were tested. The first consisted in giving written instruction, in order to transfer the matching strategy to frequency problems, and to transfer the complementation procedure to age problems the transfer was observed for the matching strategy but not for the complementation strategy. The second teaching method consisted in oral lessons in class, the goal bieing similar: a massive effect of transfer of both procedures was observed as well as a generalization effect to problems with other contexts.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Valerio Prandel.pdf: 10631150 bytes, checksum: 0e039282f135a5275af84e3d9bd6d4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The soil is a complex and heterogeneous medium containing solid, liquid, gases and several organisms. Its solid phase is composed of minerals that present well defined and highly organized chemical composition. Tropical climate soils, classified as hardsetting, are kaolinitic and present low nutrient and organic matter amounts. Nowadays, there is no consensus about these soils hardsetting characteristics. The characterization of physical and chemical properties of these horizons and their granulometric fractions enables the physical, chemical and mineralogical investigation of five hardsetting soils in this study. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction with the Rietveld Method were employed. The RM-XRD made possible to quantify and estimate crystallite average size and mineral micro-deformations. Part of these results was associated to Kaolinite, Halloysite, and Goethite isomorphic substitution. The quantitative XRF analyses revealed the content of chemical elements in the soils under study with higher accuracy. The thermal analysis techniques showed that Kaolinite of weathered soils is susceptible to dehydroxylation at lower temperatures. SEM micrographs revealed the particle typical shapes and these results were confirmed through the AFM that estimated the number of crystallites and the average number of kaolinite layers in the clay fraction. Most of the particles observed through microscopic techniques were ascribed to the Kaolinite, and their micromorphological characteristics could be compared to crystallite size and microdeformations obtained through the RM-XRD. Therefore, based on the results of spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction with Rietveld Method, it was possible to understand the several degrees of crystallinity of minerals which are part of the granulometric fractions of hardsetting horizons in kaolinitic soils. / O solo é um meio complexo e heterogênio de sólidos, líquidos, gases e diversos organismos. A fase sólida é composta de minerais que apresentam composição química definida e altamente ordenada. Solos de clima tropical, classificados como coesos são cauliníticos e apresentam baixa quantidade de nutrientes e matéria orgânica. Atualmente não se chegou a um consenso sobre o caráter coeso desses solos. A caracterização das propriedades físicas e químicas desses horizontes e de suas frações granulométricas possibilita uma investigação física, química e mineralógica de cinco solos coesos de estudo desse trabalho. Para isso foram utilizadas técnicas espectroscópicas, microscópicas, de análises térmicas e Difração de raios X com método de Rietveld. Com os resultados de MR-DRX foi possível quantificar, estimar o tamanho médio de cristalitos e microdeformações dos minerais. Parte desses resultados foram associados com a substituição isomórfica na Caulinita, Haloisita e Goethita. As análises de FRX quantitativas revelaram maior acurácia o teor de elementos químicos nos solos estudados. As técnicas de análises térmicas mostraram que as Caulinitas de solos intemperizados são susceptíveis a desidroxilação a menores temperaturas. Micrografias por MEV revelaram os formatos típicos de partículas e esses resultados foram confirmados por meio da AFM que estimou a quantidade de cristalitos e o número médio de empilhamento das camadas de Caulinita na fração argila. A maior parte das partículas observadas nas técnicas microscópicas foi atribuída a Caulinita, sendo que suas características micromorfológicas puderam ser comparadas com tamanho de cristalitos e microdeformações obtidos pelo MRDRX. Assim, com base nos resultados das análises espectroscópicas, microscópicas, térmicas e de difração de raios X pelo método de Rietveld foi possível compreender os diversos graus de cristalinidade dos minerais que compõem as frações granulométricas de horizontes coesos de solos cauliníticos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaESFS_DISSERT.pdf: 1543853 bytes, checksum: 6ecedac5804f98e8e3a7ea12041ea4f7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-18 / The Federal Institution for Education, Science and Technology, in its historical path, has been living different changes. The transformations occurred along the way have been determined by coercive forces from the institutional environment, which has became more and more broad and complex throughout the time, obtaining diverse characteristics and new elements such as non institutional factors1 which started to contribute with the other changes. In this context, this work aims to study the isomorphic practices of the managers in the institutional changes process of the IFRN in 1998 and 2008, as of a theoretical coevolutionary perspective (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). This theory brings a new point of view for the organization analysis to the organizational studies, since it offers a non deterministic and non linear lection of the evolution process, which means, a coevolution. Thus, the organizations and their institutional and non institutional environment auto evolve, auto organize and auto reproduce. Therefore, the institutional and non institutional factors of the macro environment keep a continuous interdependence relationship with the organizations. For the means of this study, it is important to understand that is impossible to comprehend the object, the isomorphic practices, without considering that the previous institutional changes and its evolutions, its continuations and discontinuations, important in the coevolution process. As such, to call upon the institutional historical track is a fundamental aspect to materialize this study, for the recursive movement is indeed present in the coevolution. Another important point to make this research effective is that it is not possible to abdicate from the hologramatic view2 of this study, which considers the object, the isomorphic practices, part of the whole and this whole is also in the parts, therefore it is impossible to comprehend the object of study outside the context where it belongs. With this, as of the objective previously proposed, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of coevolution of the institutional changes related in 1998 and 2008; analyze the dynamic of the isomorphic mechanisms in its respective institutional change process; and describe the lessons learned which the isomorphic practices left to the IFRN, regarding its benefits and difficulties. All these transformations happened through coercive forces3 of the institutional environment. As of the Nineties, these forces became stronger, the environment became broader and more complex, with the emergency of new environmental factors. This study proposed to study the managing process and its practices, related to the micro environment, although it is required to articulate these actions, the demands and requirements from the macro environment. To make this research effective, semi structured interviews have been conducted with the managers who participated in both institutional change processes. In the results analysis, it has been possible to verify the particularity of each change, the one from 1998 with a strong normative action of the managers against coercive forces from the government for the search of recognition and the institutional legitimation and the one in 2008, which has been characterized by the normative action by managers in agreement with the coercive forces from the government, in favor of the government policy for the technological professional education. However, the results analysis it is possible to notice the evidence of a belonging feeling from the interviewed managers / O Instituto Federal de Educa??o, Ci?ncia e Tecnologia, em sua trajet?ria hist?rica, tem vivenciado diversas mudan?as. As transforma??es ocorridas ao longo do tempo foram determinadas por for?as coercitivas do ambiente institucional, que ao longo do tempo foi se tornando complexo e amplo, adquirindo caracter?sticas diversas e novos elementos como os fatores n?o-institucionais1 que passaram a contribui com as demais mudan?as. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetiva estudar as pr?ticas isom?rficas dos gestores nos processos de mudan?as institucionais no IFRN nos per?odos de 1998 e 2008, partindo de uma perspectiva te?rica coevolutiva (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). Essa teoria traz para os estudos organizacionais uma nova ?tica de an?lise das organiza??es, pois oferece uma leitura n?o determinista e n?o linear do processo de evolu??o, significando uma co-evolu??o. Nesse sentido as organiza??es e seus ambientes institucionais e n?o institucionais se autoevoluem, se autoorganizam e se autoreproduzem. E, dessa forma, os fatores institucionais e os n?o-institucionais do ambiente macro mant?m uma rela??o de interdepend?ncia cont?nua com as organiza??es. Para fins desse estudo, se faz importante entender que ? imposs?vel compreender o objeto, as pr?ticas isom?rficas, sem considerar as mudan?as institucionais anteriores e suas evolu??es, suas continuidades e descontinuidades, importantes no processo coevolutivo. Para tanto, recorrer ? trajet?ria hist?rica institucional ? um aspecto fundamental para a concretiza??o do estudo, pois o movimento recursivo faz-se presente na coevolu??o. Outro aspecto ? que n?o se pode abdicar da vis?o de hologram?tica2, que considera o objeto, as pr?ticas isom?rficas, parte constituinte de um todo e que esse todo, tamb?m est? nas partes, sendo imposs?vel compreender o objeto, descolado do contexto do qual faz parte. Com esse entendimento, partindo do objetivo proposto, ? necess?rio, descrever as caracter?sticas de co-evolu??o das mudan?as institucionais referentes aos per?odos de 1998 e 2008; analisar a din?mica dos mecanismos isom?rficos nos respectivos processos de mudan?a institucional; e descrever o aprendizado que as pr?ticas isom?rficas deixaram para o IFRN. Todas essas transforma??es se deram por for?as coercitivas3 do ambiente institucional. A partir da d?cada de 90 essas for?as se intensificaram, o ambiente se tornou mais amplo e complexo, com a emerg?ncia de novos fatores ambientais. No entanto, prop?e-se estudar o processo de gest?o e suas pr?ticas, referentes ao ambiente micro, embora necessite articular essas a??es, ?s demandas e exig?ncias do ambiente macro. Para a efetiva??o da pesquisa foram feitas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os gestores que participaram dos dois processos de mudan?as institucionais. Nas an?lises dos resultados foram constatadas as particularidades de cada mudan?a, a de 1998 com uma forte a??o normativa dos gestores contra as for?as coercitivas do Estado na busca do reconhecimento e legitimidade institucional e a de 2008, que se caracterizou pela a??o normativa dos gestores em conson?ncia com as for?as coercitivas do Estado, em favor da pol?tica do governo para a educa??o profissional tecnol?gica. Na an?lise dos resultados percebe-se a evid?ncia de um sentimento de pertencimento por parte dos gestores entrevistados