Up until recently, unsignalized nodes have been either ignored or inadequately represented in Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) models. This is due to the difficult nature of incorporating internal node conflicts into dynamic flow models. It was thought or assumed that these nodes had little impact on overall model results, but evidence from testing in Visual Interactive System for Transportation Algorithms (VISTA), a DTA model, reveals that may not be the case. This paper explores recent attempts at characterizing stop sign effects within DTA flow models. From previous studies, it has been found that incorporating these unsignalized and priority movements internal to the flow model requires large amounts of computational power, are challenging to make efficient, and lead to a multiple or infinite solution space. Based on these findings, a deterministic approach is both impractical and likely impossible in the existing framework of the Cell Transmission (CTM) and Link Transmission (LTM) models commonly used in DTA. Thus, a method of utilizing empirical relationships based on information readily available in these models may be a more acceptable approach. Microsimulation is much more suitable for modeling these types of interactions and is capable of producing results near to reality. For this reason, microsimulation was chosen as a viable method for developing empirical relationships of such complex interactions to then be used as inputs into the macroscopic flow models of DTA. This paper presents a model developed to calculate delays expected by vehicles at stop approaches based on information that can be taken from a dynamic flow model such as CTM and LTM models. This model is validated by video data recorded and analyzed for accuracy. Potential uses and probable implementations of the model are explored to appropriately incorporate unsignalized and priority movements into existing flow models. / text

<p>In this thesis, a 3D microwave imaging method is developed for a microwave imaging system with an arbitrary background medium. In the previous study on the breast cancer detection of our research group, a full wave inverse method, the Diagonal Tensor approximation combined with Born Iterative Method (DTA-BIM), was proposed to reconstruct the electrical profile of the inversion domain in a homogenous background medium and a layered background medium. In order to evaluate the performance of the DTA-BIM method in a realistic microwave imaging system, an experimental prototype of an active 3D microwave imaging system with movable antennas is constructed. For the objects immersed in a homogenous background medium or a layered background medium, the inversion results based on the experimental data show that the resolution of the DTA-BIM method can reach finely to a quarter of wavelength of the background medium, and the system's signal-noise-ratio (SNR) requirement is 10 dB. Moreover, the defects of this system make it difficult to be implemented in a realistic application. Thus, another active 3D microwave imaging system is proposed to overcome the problems in the previous system. The new system employs a fix patch antenna array with electric switch to record the data. However, the antenna array makes the inversion system become a non-canonical inhomogeneous background. The analytical Greens' functions used in the original DTA-BIM method become unavailable. Thus, a modified DTA-BIM method, which use the numerical Green's functions combined with measured voltage, is proposed. This modified DTA-BIM method can be used to the inversion in a non-canonical inhomogeneous background with the measured voltages (or $S_{21}$ parameters). In order to verify the performance of this proposed inversion method, we investigate a prototype 3D microwave imaging system with a fix antenna array. The inversion results from the synthetic data show that this method works well with a fix antenna array, and the resolution of reconstructed images can reach to a quarter wavelength even in the presence of a strongly inhomogeneous background medium and antenna couplings. A time-reversal method is introduced as a pre-processing step to reduce the region of interest (ROI) in our inversion. In addition, a Multi-Domain DTA-BIM method is proposed to fit the discontinue inversion regions. With these improvements, the size of the inversion domain and the computational cost can be significantly reduced, and make the DTA-BIM method more feasible for rapid response applications.</p> / Dissertation

The optical properties of transparent chromium-doped glass-ceramics with the chemical composition similar to that of cunyite (Cr 4+ :Ca 2 GeO 4 ) crystal were investigated. Room temperature absorption, DTA, XRD as well as fluorescence were measured. Parent (as quenched) glass does not exhibit any fluorescence; after the heat treatment Cr 4+ fluorescence band appears at 1280 nm, very similar to the emission of Cr 4+ :Ca 2 GeO 4 bulk crystals. Optical properties of nanocrystals formed in the glass-ceramics. The size of crystallites is below 600nm. glass-ceramics we concluded that the nanocrystal phase is a modified Ca 2 GeO 4 structure. In order to increase the fluorescence and synthesis more small crystals, we doped TiO 2 and ZrO 2 as nucleating agents, glass does not exhibit any fluorescence when glass-ceramics does not heat treatment ; after the heat treatment Cr 4+ fluorescence band appears at 1280 nm too. The crystals formed in glass media after heat-treatment have spherulitic shape with the size up to 300-500nm, and there are more nanocrystals distribute the surface, especially doped TiO 2 we found the more smaller crystals in it. We expect that crystallites with the size below 100 nm may be formed by adjustment of initial glass composition with nucleating agents and optimization of heat-treatment procedure parameters.

Submitted by SEBASTIÃO CANDIDO DAS DÔRES null (sebastiao.cd@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-04T17:38:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao final.pdf: 2282030 bytes, checksum: c50870331ee344908dee97aaabb84ab1 (MD5) / Rejected by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br), reason: Solicitamos que realize uma nova submissão seguindo as orientações abaixo: Foram realizadas duas submissões, apenas uma submissão contendo o arquivo correto deve ser feita. Corrija estas informações e realize uma nova submissão contendo o arquivo correto. Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2016-09-06T19:21:10Z (GMT) / Submitted by SEBASTIÃO CANDIDO DAS DÔRES null (sebastiao.cd@hotmail.com) on 2016-09-07T02:01:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao versao final.pdf: 2282030 bytes, checksum: c50870331ee344908dee97aaabb84ab1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-08T17:00:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dores_sc_me_ilha.pdf: 2282030 bytes, checksum: c50870331ee344908dee97aaabb84ab1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T17:00:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dores_sc_me_ilha.pdf: 2282030 bytes, checksum: c50870331ee344908dee97aaabb84ab1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-12 / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os processos de cristalização em vidro 80TeO2-20WO3 preparados em atmosfera ambiente e rica em O2. Os vidros obtidos foram pulverizados em diferentes tamanhos de partículas. Para o estudo de cristalização, medidas de análise térmica diferencial (DTA) foram realizadas em diferentes taxas de aquecimento. Dados complementares de difração de raios-X (DRX) e de espectroscopia Raman foram obtidos com amostras submetidas a diferentes tratamentos térmicos, variando-se ora a temperatura ora o tempo. Dos dados de DTA foi possível determinar as temperaturas de transição vítrea e de cristalização, assim como observar a formação de três fases cristalinas, identificadas como -TeO2, -TeO2 e do WO3 através dos dados de DRX e de Raman. Foi possível observar uma resposta térmica diferente entre as amostras preparadas nas atmosfera ambiente e rica em O2. Os vidros preparados em atmosfera ambiente apresentam na média uma maior estabilidade térmica quando comparada com aquela dos preparados em O2. A energia de ativação associada a cada fase observada foi determinada usando o método de Kissinger e, pelos modelos JMAK e Matusita, foi possível concluir que o processo de cristalização ocorreu preferencialmente na superfície e no volume. / The purpose of this work was to investigate the crystallization processes in 80TeO2-20WO3 glass prepared in ambient and oxygen atmospheres. The obtained glasses were powdered in different grain sizes. For the crystallization study, differential thermal analysis measurements were performed at different heating rates. Additional data from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were obtained with samples submitted to different thermal treatments, either by varying the temperature either time. From differential thermal analysis data, it was possible to determine the glass transition and crystallization temperatures, and to observe three crystallization processes, which were identified from X-ray diffraction and Raman data as belonging to the -TeO2, -TeO2, and WO3 phases. It was possible to observe a different thermal response of the samples prepared in ambient atmosphere and rich in O2. The glasses prepared in ambient atmosphere present in average a higher thermal stability when compared with those prepared in O2 atmosphere. The activation energy associated with each observed phase, was determined using the Kissinger method, and by using the JMAK and Matusita models it was concluded that the crystallization process occurred preferentially on the surface and volume.

Orientador: João Carlos Silos Moraes / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar os processos de cristalização em vidro 80TeO2-20WO3 preparados em atmosfera ambiente e rica em O2. Os vidros obtidos foram pulverizados em diferentes tamanhos de partículas. Para o estudo de cristalização, medidas de análise térmica diferencial (DTA) foram realizadas em diferentes taxas de aquecimento. Dados complementares de difração de raios-X (DRX) e de espectroscopia Raman foram obtidos com amostras submetidas a diferentes tratamentos térmicos, variando-se ora a temperatura ora o tempo. Dos dados de DTA foi possível determinar as temperaturas de transição vítrea e de cristalização, assim como observar a formação de três fases cristalinas, identificadas como -TeO2, -TeO2 e do WO3 através dos dados de DRX e de Raman. Foi possível observar uma resposta térmica diferente entre as amostras preparadas nas atmosfera ambiente e rica em O2. Os vidros preparados em atmosfera ambiente apresentam na média uma maior estabilidade térmica quando comparada com aquela dos preparados em O2. A energia de ativação associada a cada fase observada foi determinada usando o método de Kissinger e, pelos modelos JMAK e Matusita, foi possível concluir que o processo de cristalização ocorreu preferencialmente na superfície e no volume. / Abstract: The purpose of this work was to investigate the crystallization processes in 80TeO2-20WO3 glass prepared in ambient and oxygen atmospheres. The obtained glasses were powdered in different grain sizes. For the crystallization study, differential thermal analysis measurements were performed at different heating rates. Additional data from X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were obtained with samples submitted to different thermal treatments, either by varying the temperature either time. From differential thermal analysis data, it was possible to determine the glass transition and crystallization temperatures, and to observe three crystallization processes, which were identified from X-ray diffraction and Raman data as belonging to the -TeO2, -TeO2, and WO3 phases. It was possible to observe a different thermal response of the samples prepared in ambient atmosphere and rich in O2. The glasses prepared in ambient atmosphere present in average a higher thermal stability when compared with those prepared in O2 atmosphere. The activation energy associated with each observed phase, was determined using the Kissinger method, and by using the JMAK and Matusita models it was concluded that the crystallization process occurred preferentially on the surface and volume. / Mestre

[pt] O presente trabalho surge da crescente preocupação a respeito das práticas de disposição de resíduos industriais de forma a propiciar um desenvolvimento sustentável. A impossibilidade ou falta de opção de tratamento de um determinado resíduo e o desejo de eliminação de um passivo ambiental de risco conduz à escolha de diversas técnicas. Entre elas o co-processamento em fornos de cimento se destaca como um importante recurso a ser utilizado pelas empresas geradoras de resíduos. O co-processamento é a técnica que aproveita as condições operacionais dos fornos de clínquer (matéria-prima básica do cimento) para reciclar resíduos industriais, aproveitando o seu poder calorífico e/ou matérias-primas neles contidas, inerentes ao processo de fabricação normal do cimento. Há a necessidade, no entanto, de compreender com uma maior base científica o impacto de componentes menores no processo de produção do clínquer e nas propriedades do mesmo, tais como a prioridade de se produzir cimento com propriedades equivalentes, o compromisso de diminuir emissões e a garantia de manter a qualidade ambiental do clínquer. O trabalho pretende, portanto, investigar o efeito do cromo - contaminante comumente presente em diversas fontes de resíduos co-processados em fornos de cimento - sobre a cinética da reação de clinquerização e nas fases do clínquer de cimento Portland produzido - C3S-alita, C2S-belita, C3A-aluminato tricálcico e C4AF- ferro aluminato tetracálcico. Para tal, foi incorporado óxido de cromo nas proporções de 0,1%, 0,5% e 1% à farinha e foram realizados os seguintes testes: Fluorescência de Raios-X, Difração de Raios-X, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura com o dispositivo de EDS e Análise Térmica Diferencial (DTA). Para avaliar quantitativamente as fases presentes, utilizou-se ainda o Método de Rietveld. Dentre os resultados obtidos, pôde-se observar que a incorporação de cromo à farinha inibe a formação de alita. / [en] This work arises from the growing concern about the practices in industrial waste disposal to reach a sustainable development. One important technique to be considered by the waste generating companies is co- processing of residues in rotary cement kilns. The co-processing technique takes advantage of the cement kiln operational conditions to recycle industrial wastes. It also utilizes residue´s calorific power and/or the raw material that is eventually enclosed on it. Although, it´s necessary to understand the impact of the minor and secondary elements in the clinker production process and on its proprieties, like the preference to produce cement with equivalents proprieties, the commitment to decrease pollution gas emissions and the guarantee to support clinker´s environmental quality. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effect of chromium - an usual element found on several sources of co-processed residues - at the kinetics of the clinkerization reaction and in the clinker´s phases - C3S- alite, C2S-belite, C3Atricalcic aluminate and C4AF-tetracalcic iron aluminate. Chromium oxide at the proportions of 0,1%, 0,5% e 1% was incorporated at the raw material of clinker production and some testes were realized: X-Ray Diffraction, Scattering Electronic Microscopy with EDS and Differential Thermal Analysis. To quantitatively evaluate the phases, the Rietveld Method was utilized. Among the obtained results, it could be observed that chromium inhibits the formation of alite.

Systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies are fundamental to the decision-making process in evidence-based medicine. Although such studies are regarded as high-level evidence, these reviews are not always reported completely and transparently. Sub-optimal reporting of DTA systematic reviews compromises their validity, generalizability, and value to key stakeholders. This thesis evaluates the completeness of reporting of published DTA systematic reviews based on the PRISMA-DTA checklist and provides an explanation for the new and modified items (relative to PRISMA), along with their meaning and rationale. Our results demonstrate that recently published reports of DTA systematic reviews are not fully informative, when evaluated against the PRISMA-DTA guidelines: mean reported items=18.6/26(71%, SD=1.9) for PRISMA-DTA; 5.5/11(50%, SD=1.2) for PRISMA-DTA for abstracts. The PRISMA-DTA statement, this document, and the associated website (http://www. prisma-statement.org/Extensions/DTA) are meant to be helpful resources to support the transparent reporting of DTA systematic reviews and guide knowledge translation strategies.

Orientador: José Rafael Modolo / Resumo: O número de doenças de origem alimentar, para a saúde pública, o bem-estar e a economia, tem sido frequentemente subestimado devido à subnotificação, a falta de treinamento em diagnosticar as doenças e a dificuldade de se estabelecer relações causais entre a contaminação dos alimentos que poderão resultar em doença ou morte. Grande parte dos casos de doenças transmitidas por alimentos são causados por preparos inadequados no serviço de alimentação, em estabelecimentos ou em mercados. O manipulador é a principal via de contaminação dos alimentos e desempenha um papel importante na segurança e na preservação da higiene dos alimentos durante toda a cadeia produtiva. Portanto, a manipulação incorreta e a negligência em relação às normas higiênicas favorecem a contaminação dos alimentos. O processo de capacitação dos manipuladores deve ser contínuo, a fim de facilitar a implantação dos procedimentos de boas práticas de manipulação, que auxiliam na manutenção da qualidade das refeições produzidas. Assim, a produção alimentar estará livre de microrganismos patogênicos, resultando em alimentos seguros para o consumo humano. Foi elaborado um texto com linguagem didática e ilustrativa, além de uma versão técnica, para a capacitação em boas práticas de manipuladores de alimentos em estabelecimentos. Este trabalho busca contribuir para a capacitação desses profissionais, trazendo resultados positivos para a saúde pública, satisfação e segurança higiênico-sanitária para os consumidores e ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The number of foodborne diseases, for public health, wellness and the economy, has often been underestimated due to underreporting, lack of training in diagnosing diseases and the difficulty in establishing causality regarding food contamination that could result in illness or death. A large share of cases of foodborne diseases are caused by improper preparation in food service, food establishments or markets. Food handlers are the main source of food contamination and they play an important role in achieving food safety and maintaining food hygiene throughout the food production chain. Thus, improper food handling and the neglect of hygienic norms favor food contamination. Food handlers’ training must be continuous to facilitate the implementation of good food handling practices, which help maintain the quality of the food produced. This will result in food production free of pathogenic microorganisms and, as such, safe for human consumption. A didactic and illustrative text was prepared, and also a technical version, to help train food handlers in good food handling practices. This text aims to contribute to the training of these professionals, bringing positive results to public health, satisfaction and hygienic-sanitary safety to consumers and profits to the small business entrepreneur. / Mestre

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T19:25:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Valerio Prandel.pdf: 10631150 bytes, checksum: 0e039282f135a5275af84e3d9bd6d4ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The soil is a complex and heterogeneous medium containing solid, liquid, gases and several organisms. Its solid phase is composed of minerals that present well defined and highly organized chemical composition. Tropical climate soils, classified as hardsetting, are kaolinitic and present low nutrient and organic matter amounts. Nowadays, there is no consensus about these soils hardsetting characteristics. The characterization of physical and chemical properties of these horizons and their granulometric fractions enables the physical, chemical and mineralogical investigation of five hardsetting soils in this study. Spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction with the Rietveld Method were employed. The RM-XRD made possible to quantify and estimate crystallite average size and mineral micro-deformations. Part of these results was associated to Kaolinite, Halloysite, and Goethite isomorphic substitution. The quantitative XRF analyses revealed the content of chemical elements in the soils under study with higher accuracy. The thermal analysis techniques showed that Kaolinite of weathered soils is susceptible to dehydroxylation at lower temperatures. SEM micrographs revealed the particle typical shapes and these results were confirmed through the AFM that estimated the number of crystallites and the average number of kaolinite layers in the clay fraction. Most of the particles observed through microscopic techniques were ascribed to the Kaolinite, and their micromorphological characteristics could be compared to crystallite size and microdeformations obtained through the RM-XRD. Therefore, based on the results of spectroscopic, microscopic, thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction with Rietveld Method, it was possible to understand the several degrees of crystallinity of minerals which are part of the granulometric fractions of hardsetting horizons in kaolinitic soils. / O solo é um meio complexo e heterogênio de sólidos, líquidos, gases e diversos organismos. A fase sólida é composta de minerais que apresentam composição química definida e altamente ordenada. Solos de clima tropical, classificados como coesos são cauliníticos e apresentam baixa quantidade de nutrientes e matéria orgânica. Atualmente não se chegou a um consenso sobre o caráter coeso desses solos. A caracterização das propriedades físicas e químicas desses horizontes e de suas frações granulométricas possibilita uma investigação física, química e mineralógica de cinco solos coesos de estudo desse trabalho. Para isso foram utilizadas técnicas espectroscópicas, microscópicas, de análises térmicas e Difração de raios X com método de Rietveld. Com os resultados de MR-DRX foi possível quantificar, estimar o tamanho médio de cristalitos e microdeformações dos minerais. Parte desses resultados foram associados com a substituição isomórfica na Caulinita, Haloisita e Goethita. As análises de FRX quantitativas revelaram maior acurácia o teor de elementos químicos nos solos estudados. As técnicas de análises térmicas mostraram que as Caulinitas de solos intemperizados são susceptíveis a desidroxilação a menores temperaturas. Micrografias por MEV revelaram os formatos típicos de partículas e esses resultados foram confirmados por meio da AFM que estimou a quantidade de cristalitos e o número médio de empilhamento das camadas de Caulinita na fração argila. A maior parte das partículas observadas nas técnicas microscópicas foi atribuída a Caulinita, sendo que suas características micromorfológicas puderam ser comparadas com tamanho de cristalitos e microdeformações obtidos pelo MRDRX. Assim, com base nos resultados das análises espectroscópicas, microscópicas, térmicas e de difração de raios X pelo método de Rietveld foi possível compreender os diversos graus de cristalinidade dos minerais que compõem as frações granulométricas de horizontes coesos de solos cauliníticos.