Reconstructing diet in Andean populations is complicated by ecological complexity and by large-scale population movements and trade networks during the period of imperial rule. It is therefore more difficult to reconstruct dietary patterns within these contexts. Previous multi-isotopic analysis of the skeletal population from the Inca site of Machu Picchu indicates marked variation in dietary composition both early and late in life. However, these data are limited in their specificity due to overlap in isotopic signals from different resource types. I compare existing isotopic data to enamel macro- and microwear data to more accurately profile diet composition in a Machu Picchu skeletal population subset. Results suggest there is little to no dietary variation between sexes and age groups. Results also reveal the role that maize played in the diet of this non-elite population, which may prove useful in more accurately estimating consumed food resources in this and other Andean populations.

This is a M. Eng. degree project at Uppsala University carried out at Vattenfall NuclearFuel AB. The goal of it is to present a best estimate method based on the code package CASMO/SIMULATE for the purpose of calculating the isotopic concentrations of a specified number of isotopes in a fuel sample. The calculations done with the method shall produce small deviations from reliable measured values, which characterize the accuracy of CASMO/SIMULATE, but also simplicity based onthe computing time and handling of the amount of data is an important factor in the development of the method. The development of the method has been based on a sensitivity calculation with CASMO/SIMULATE on a number of relevant parameters affecting the isotope concentrations. The proposed method has then been applied on three samples irradiated in Ringhals 4 and Ringhals 3. At last the calculated isotopic concentrations have been benchmarked against measured data from Studsvik Laboratory. The sensitivity analyzes has shown that the parameters affecting the neutron moderation are very important for calculating the isotopic concentrations. The core axial resolution is also an important factor for the samples taken from top of the rod,where the power gradient is large. The comparison of the calculated and measured values has shown that SIMULATE, in the analysed cases, simulates a lower finalburnup. This has created a need to correct the final burnup in order to get better results in terms of lower relative deviations between the measured and calculated data.

The carbon and oxygen isotopes of planktonic foraminifera, and faunal assemblages of towing samples, £_13C of dissolved inorganic carbon, and £_18O of seawater collected from northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed in this study. Plankton tows were collected between December 2002 and December 2005 at water depth of 100m. In addition, fauna and sea water samples were sampled at different depths ranging between 50 and 300m at some stations. Generally, the faunal assemblages are dominated by Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides aequilateralis, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and Globorotalia menardii. G. aequilateralis and G. menardii are dominated in warm months while G. ruber, G. sacculifer, and P. obliquiloculata are dominated in cold months. The relative abundances of G. sacculifer and G. aequilateralis obtained from towing samples in this study are significantly higher than those shown in underlying sediment traps and surface sediments, suggesting that the tests of these two taxa are prone to dissolution. In addition, the abundance of P. obliquiloculata which serves as an index taxon for the Kuroshio Current in Paleoceanography, is more abundant in the northern part than in the southern part of the SCS basin. Nevertheless, the £_13C and £_18O of G. sacculifer and P. obliquiloculata are significantly lighter than that in sediment traps and surface sediments, indicating some potential effects caused by the differential dissolution. Possible dwelling depths of P. obliquiloculata is estimated between 50 and 90m, whereas N. dutertrei is estimated between 20 and 80m according to Kim and O¡¦Neil (1997). The latter changes to 40~160m when the equation of Bouvier-Soumagnac and Duplessy (1985) is applied. Oxygen isotope compositions of G. sacculifer and G. ruber display a significant correlation with temperature (T) in the surface mixed layer. The slopes of £_18O/ T for these two species are similar to each other. The differences of £_18O (£G£_18O) between G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei, G. sacculifer and P. obliquiloculata, G. ruber and P. obliquiloculata are proved to be a good proxy indicator for reconstructing the upper water column based on the statistic relationship between £G£_18O and £GT (difference between mixed layer and 100m) in this study.

No description available.

Agricultural crops are a food subsidy for wild ungulates that can bring animals into close proximity, facilitating disease spread. We used stable isotope analysis to reconstruct the diets of elk and white-tailed deer in three areas in the Canadian prairies and calculated their isotopic niche breadth. Isotopic niche breadth was greater for deer than elk, indicating that deer are a generalist species composed of individual specialists with varied diets, while elk are individual generalists. White-tailed deer niche breadth decreased with increasing consumption of agricultural foods in early fall, but not on an annual timescale. Elk niche breadth did not change with consumption of agricultural foods. Agricultural sources were 40-80% of the diets of both species in all areas. Agricultural feeding may increase the risk of disease in elk and deer not only by increasing their apparent density at feeding sites, but also by subsidizing increases to their overall density.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geology, 2005. / Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [3], viii, 216 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159).

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REBOUÇAS, Jonathan Alves. Estudo isotópico e geomorfológico de sete reservatórios da bacia do Banabuiú. 2013. 143 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2013. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T18:51:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jareboucas.pdf: 5914482 bytes, checksum: ccf746c64811dbd716855c57efe95f56 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:15:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jareboucas.pdf: 5914482 bytes, checksum: ccf746c64811dbd716855c57efe95f56 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:15:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_jareboucas.pdf: 5914482 bytes, checksum: ccf746c64811dbd716855c57efe95f56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Smaller reservoirs are still the main source of water of the small farmer. The sensitivity of these small water high rates of evaporation is something already well known. However, studies dealing individually these resources are still scarce. This is due to the convenience it brings to monitoring stations automatic blade evaporated by the meteorological variables. This convenience has serious consequences regarding the management of these small features, since it does not represent the geomorphological and climatic conditions in which these reservoirs are inserted. This paper conducts an individualized study of seven reservoirs that lie in the basin of Banabuiú-EC. The study is based on assessment of the geomorphological in which the reservoirs are inserted and estimating the blade evaporated for each of seven reservoirs using isotopic method. This method was suitable for the study since it intends to individualize the water body through an isotopic signature of its water. The results indicated that non-negligible differences in the amounts of evaporated blade for each reservoir, which may reach 50%. Besides the difference between the blade evaporated study shows that simplification methods used to estimate the volume stored in small tanks can overestimate them, since they have been found reservoirs with a capacity 10 times smaller but with morphometric characteristics of large reservoirs. / Os pequenos reservatórios ainda são a principal fonte de água do pequeno agricultor. A sensibilidade desses pequenos recursos hídricos às altas taxas de evaporação já é algo bastante conhecido, porém estudos que tratam de forma individualizada esses recursos ainda são escassos. Isso se deve à comodidade que estações automáticas trazem ao monitoramento da lâmina evaporada por meio de variáveis meteorológicas mas que traz sérias consequências para a gestão desses pequenos recursos, uma vez que não representam as condições geomorfológicas e climáticas nas quais esses reservatórios estão inseridos. Esse trabalho realiza um estudo individualizado de sete reservatórios localizados na bacia do Banabuíú-CE, ele baseia-se na avaliação das condições geomorfológicas nas quais os açudes estão inseridos e na estimativa da lâmina evaporada, para cada um dos sete reservatórios, utilizando o método isotópico. Esse método se mostrou indicado para o estudo uma vez que se propõe a individualizar o corpo hídrico por meio de uma assinatura isotópica de sua água. Os resultados indicaram que existem diferenças não desprezíveis nos valores de lâmina evaporada para cada reservatório, que podem chegar até 50%. Além da diferença entre as lâminas evaporadas, o estudo mostra que métodos de simplificação usados para a estimativa do volume armazenado em pequenos reservatórios podem superestimá-los, uma vez que foram encontrados reservatórios com capacidade 10 vezes menores mas com características morfométricas de grandes reservatórios.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Os pequenos reservatÃrios ainda sÃo a principal fonte de Ãgua do pequeno agricultor. A sensibilidade desses pequenos recursos hÃdricos Ãs altas taxas de evaporaÃÃo jà à algo bastante conhecido, porÃm estudos que tratam de forma individualizada esses recursos ainda sÃo escassos. Isso se deve à comodidade que estaÃÃes automÃticas trazem ao monitoramento da lÃmina evaporada por meio de variÃveis meteorolÃgicas mas que traz sÃrias consequÃncias para a gestÃo desses pequenos recursos, uma vez que nÃo representam as condiÃÃes geomorfolÃgicas e climÃticas nas quais esses reservatÃrios estÃo inseridos. Esse trabalho realiza um estudo individualizado de sete reservatÃrios localizados na bacia do BanabuÃÃ-CE, ele baseia-se na avaliaÃÃo das condiÃÃes geomorfolÃgicas nas quais os aÃudes estÃo inseridos e na estimativa da lÃmina evaporada, para cada um dos sete reservatÃrios, utilizando o mÃtodo isotÃpico. Esse mÃtodo se mostrou indicado para o estudo uma vez que se propÃe a individualizar o corpo hÃdrico por meio de uma assinatura isotÃpica de sua Ãgua. Os resultados indicaram que existem diferenÃas nÃo desprezÃveis nos valores de lÃmina evaporada para cada reservatÃrio, que podem chegar atà 50%. AlÃm da diferenÃa entre as lÃminas evaporadas, o estudo mostra que mÃtodos de simplificaÃÃo usados para a estimativa do volume armazenado em pequenos reservatÃrios podem superestimÃ-los, uma vez que foram encontrados reservatÃrios com capacidade 10 vezes menores mas com caracterÃsticas morfomÃtricas de grandes reservatÃrios. / Smaller reservoirs are still the main source of water of the small farmer. The sensitivity of these small water high rates of evaporation is something already well known. However, studies dealing individually these resources are still scarce. This is due to the convenience it brings to monitoring stations automatic blade evaporated by the meteorological variables. This convenience has serious consequences regarding the management of these small features, since it does not represent the geomorphological and climatic conditions in which these reservoirs are inserted. This paper conducts an individualized study of seven reservoirs that lie in the basin of BanabuiÃ-EC. The study is based on assessment of the geomorphological in which the reservoirs are inserted and estimating the blade evaporated for each of seven reservoirs using isotopic method. This method was suitable for the study since it intends to individualize the water body through an isotopic signature of its water. The results indicated that non-negligible differences in the amounts of evaporated blade for each reservoir, which may reach 50%. Besides the difference between the blade evaporated study shows that simplification methods used to estimate the volume stored in small tanks can overestimate them, since they have been found reservoirs with a capacity 10 times smaller but with morphometric characteristics of large reservoirs.