The carbon and oxygen isotopes of planktonic foraminifera, and faunal assemblages of towing samples, £_13C of dissolved inorganic carbon, and £_18O of seawater collected from northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed in this study. Plankton tows were collected between December 2002 and December 2005 at water depth of 100m. In addition, fauna and sea water samples were sampled at different depths ranging between 50 and 300m at some stations. Generally, the faunal assemblages are dominated by Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides aequilateralis, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, Neogloboquadrina dutertrei, and Globorotalia menardii. G. aequilateralis and G. menardii are dominated in warm months while G. ruber, G. sacculifer, and P. obliquiloculata are dominated in cold months. The relative abundances of G. sacculifer and G. aequilateralis obtained from towing samples in this study are significantly higher than those shown in underlying sediment traps and surface sediments, suggesting that the tests of these two taxa are prone to dissolution. In addition, the abundance of P. obliquiloculata which serves as an index taxon for the Kuroshio Current in Paleoceanography, is more abundant in the northern part than in the southern part of the SCS basin. Nevertheless, the £_13C and £_18O of G. sacculifer and P. obliquiloculata are significantly lighter than that in sediment traps and surface sediments, indicating some potential effects caused by the differential dissolution. Possible dwelling depths of P. obliquiloculata is estimated between 50 and 90m, whereas N. dutertrei is estimated between 20 and 80m according to Kim and O¡¦Neil (1997). The latter changes to 40~160m when the equation of Bouvier-Soumagnac and Duplessy (1985) is applied. Oxygen isotope compositions of G. sacculifer and G. ruber display a significant correlation with temperature (T) in the surface mixed layer. The slopes of £_18O/ T for these two species are similar to each other. The differences of £_18O (£G£_18O) between G. sacculifer and N. dutertrei, G. sacculifer and P. obliquiloculata, G. ruber and P. obliquiloculata are proved to be a good proxy indicator for reconstructing the upper water column based on the statistic relationship between £G£_18O and £GT (difference between mixed layer and 100m) in this study.

Submitted by Biblioteca de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica BGQ (bgq@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-09-11T16:53:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO FERNANDA LAGOEIRO.pdf: 2000959 bytes, checksum: 76bc23adde3524dc614b7249095d11c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T16:53:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇAO FERNANDA LAGOEIRO.pdf: 2000959 bytes, checksum: 76bc23adde3524dc614b7249095d11c5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / Universidade Federal Fluminense. Instituto de Química. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica, Niterói, RJ / Neste estudo foi caracterizada a sedimentação recente de matéria orgânica da Lagoa do Caçó (MA), localizada em uma região fortemente influenciada pela Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT), uma das responsáveis pela dinâmica climática do Brasil. Foram coletados cinco testemunhos ao longo de um perfil batimétrico com respectivamente 1.5; 3; 4; 6 e 9 metros de coluna d’água. Este perfil apresenta uma clara zonação biológica com presença de macrófitas na margem (0 a 0.5m), passando por uma região com macrófitas associadas a algas epifíticas (0.5 a 2m), a uma região com vegetação submersa (2 a 5.5m), até completa ausência de vegetação (acima de 5.5 m). A caracterização da sedimentação recente da lagoa foi feita através da análise de marcadores orgânicos, que possuem a propriedade de identificar a origem e o estado de preservação da matéria orgânica depositada. Foram utilizados os seguintes marcadores: conteúdo de carbono, nitrogênio e razão C:N; composição isotópica do carbono e do nitrogênio; petrografia da matéria orgânica (identificação e classificação de fragmentos microscópicos) e quantificação de derivados de clorofila. Os resultados demonstraram uma alta produtividade na margem da lagoa, que decresce com a profundidade, gerando, portanto, dados característicos para cada ambiente, permitindo, então, que os registros obtidos sejam utilizados como padrões para avaliação das paleoprofundidades da Lagoa do Caçó (MA). A razão entre a matéria orgânica não vascular e a matéria orgânica vascular mostrou ser o melhor marcador de profundidade. A análise dos testemunhos curtos possibilitou dividir o período estudado em cinco fases segundo os dados gerados pelos marcadores orgânicos. Os resultados sugerem a elevação do nível do lago durante as fases I a IV e em seguida uma diminuição do nível do lago até a fase V representada pelos dias atuais. Variações no nível do lago foram relacionadas com as precipitações anuais e os casos de secas (causadas pelos eventos El Niño) e chuvas abundantes (causadas pela La Niña), que possibilitaram sugerir a influência desses mecanismos no nível do lago / Elemental, isotopic compositions and palynofacies observations of organic matter in surficial sediments from a transect across Lagoa do Caçó (MA – Brazil) have been analyzed to investigate the processes that participate in the production and deposition of sedimentary organic matter. Five cores were collected along a bathymetric profile with 1,5; 3; 4; 6 and 9 meters respectively. This transverse profile starts in a margin (0 to 0,5m), provides a clear biological zonation with the occurrence of emergent macrophytes, declines through a region with macrophytes in association with epiphytic algae (0,5 to 2 m), exceeds a region with submerged vegetation (2 to 5,5 m) up to a complete absence of vegetation (over 5,5 m). The variation of these parameters shows in the marginal zone a gradient between 0 to 4 meters decreasing for TOC, C/N, chlorophyll derivates, and d13Co/oo and increasing for d15N o/oo values. They start at 0,5 m with values around 22, 14, -25 o/oo and between 0 and 1 o/oo and reach 10, 8, -29 o/oo and 5 o/oo respectively at 4 meters water deep characterizing therefore this emergent macrophytes vegetation. These values remain stable between 4 and 10 meters to the phytoplanktonic production with weaker marginal influence. The palynofacies results show a same pattern marked by an increase of the terrestrial organic matter from the margin to the center. Concluding, it is strictly relevant to consider that the bulk and isotopic compositions mark the biological zonation of Lagoa do Caçó (MA- Brazil), which show that the high productivity occurs in the marginal area linked to macrophyte vegetation and tend to decrease until disappear at 4 meters. The variations of these elemental, isotopic and petrographyc parameters obtained from the five cores collected in those different zones of Caçó Lake have provided 5 paleohydrological phases marked by an increase of the lake level until the last unit when it starts to decrease. These lake level changes are probably linked to the regional hydrological balance whic h is associated to the annual rainfall distributions influenced, at the same time, by the Pacific and Atlantic variability.

L’objectif de cette étude est de reconstruire le régime de l’érosion des chaînes himalayennes, et de relier ces paramètres aux variations climatiques globales et à l’intensité de la mousson. Dans ce travail, Les sédiments de 3 carottes prélevées dans la baie du Bengale pendant la mission MONOPOL ont fait l’objet d’analyses minéralogiques (XRD et granulométrie) et géochimiques (majeurs, traces, la composition isotopique du Nd et du Sr). La mise en âge des carottes, est basée sur les enregistrements de δ¹⁸O de foraminifères planctoniques (G. ruber), et des datations au ¹⁴C (AMS). Ces 3 enregistrements sédimentaires couvrent les derniers 180 ka. L'approche multi-traceur menée sur ces carottes, nous donne des informations essentielles sur les sources, afin de reconstruire les changements au cours du temps des sédiments transportés vers la partie proximale du cône sous-marin du Bengale, et de mieux comprendre ses liens potentiels avec les changements climatiques (mousson indienne et/ou des changements au niveau de la mer). Les résultats de cette étude, donnent également des clefs sur les processus d'altération chimique et de la dynamique du transport des sédiments au cours du temps. En outre, une étude à haute résolution, sur un site localisé sur la levée du chenal actif du cône sous-marin fournit des informations sur les changements dans le degré d'altération et la dynamique de transport des sédiments du système himalayen au cours de l'Holocène. Ainsi, il est possible de quantifier l'impact de la mousson d’été sur la sédimentation au niveau de la levée durant cette période climatique. Les résultats de cette étude ont été utilisés pour estimer les changements dans les sources sédimentaires (plaine Indo-Gangétique vs haute-chaine) et retracer l'altération chimique du matériel détritique au sein du bassin versant du système fluviatile du Ganges-Brahmapoutre. / The aim of this study is to reconstruct the erosional history of the Himalayan ranges, in order to connect these parameters to global climatic events and variations in the intensity of the monsoon. In this work, sediments from 3 marine cores collected in the Bay of Bengal, during the MONOPOL cruise were analyzed using mineralogical (XRD and grain-size) and geochemical (major, trace, Nd and Sr isotopic composition) methods. Chronological framework of studied cores were based on δ¹⁸O from planktonic foraminifera (G. ruber), and ¹⁴C ages dating (AMS). These cores cover the last 180 kyr. The multi-proxy approach conducted on these cores, gives us critical information about the source, to reconstruct the temporal variability of sediment export to the proximal northeastern Bengal Fan and its potential links to climatic changes (Indian monsoon and/or sea-level changes). Results also give insights on the chemical weathering processes and the dynamic of transport of the sediments through time as well. Moreover, a high-resolution study, on a site located on the active middle fan channel levee of the fan provides information on changes in the weathering pattern and the dynamic of transport of sediments from the Himalayan system during the Holocene. Thus, it is possible to quantify the impact effect of summer monsoon rainfall during that time interval. These results have been used to assess changes in the sedimentary sources (Indo-Gangetic plain vs highlands) and document the chemical weathering states of the detrital material within the Ganges-Brahmaputra river basin catchment.