Assignment (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005. / On t.p. : Master of Arts (International Studies) Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of History, March 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

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This study has a twofold purpose. The first is to investigate the background and development of Japan's policy on the liberalization of international capital movements and the second is to explore the characteristics of Japanese economic nationalism. By the late 1960's Japan had succeeded in expanding her economy to the level of the economies in the European countries. Rapid increases in U.S. imports from Japan, which reflected Japanese economic expansion made U.S. enterprises realize that Japanese industry had become strong enough to decontrol foreign investment in Japan to a further extent than she had until then. But the Japanese thought that their industry was not developed enough to compete with multinational corporations because of the inherent vulnerability of Japanese enterprises and industries arising from the financial incapability of firms and excessive competition in major industries. Thus Japan has maintained a restrictive policy on foreign inward investment, with the principle that every Japanese industry should be controlled by nationals. In the course of her economic development, Japan proceeded with a five-year capital liberalization program from 1967 to 1971. Nevertheless, Japan's economic policy on foreign investment remains more restrictive than those of Western developed countries. Japanese policy is significantly affected by feelings of economic nationalism rather than considerations of economic welfare. In this paper a model of economic ethnocentrism is formulated with the purpose of explaining the characteristics of economic nationalism in Japan. Japan possesses unique social, cultural and political conditions which have lasted for a long time. These unique traditional traits of Japanese society remain influential enough that Japan's industrial organization, formal and informal, is able to be distinguished from that of Western countries. The basic attitudes of the Japanese towards foreign investment are derived from complex economic, socio-cultural and political conditions. This study attempts to synthesize several major factors which affect the Japanese attitudes which influence policies on foreign investment in Japan. / Business, Sauder School of / Graduate

This thesis examines the development of Japanese economic interest in Canada between 1978 and 1988, with a special emphasis on multinational decision making. The paper takes an eclectic approach to the issue because the trends within different industrial sectors varied widely, from strong growth in forestry investment and trade to slow expansions of technological ties. As a result of the increasing importance of the United States and the European Economic Community in the eyes of Japanese managers, coupled with the decline of the energy crisis in mid decade, resource suppliers like Canada declined in relative importance to Japan during this period, although Japanese investment and trade here expanded steadily in real terms. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

According to the World Bank, over 80 countries currently plan some form of fiscal decentralization. This group includes Japan, a highly centralized tax state, which in 1995 put in place a law and associated high-profile institutions to promote fiscal and administrative decentralization. But the process in Japan has quickly become bogged down. This dissertation asks why there are hurdles confronting fiscal decentralization in Japan. My research uses the fiscal sociology approach and highlights bureaucratic interests in Japan's intergovernmental tax regime, one that is especially interesting in comparison with other advanced industrial countries. Fully 70 percent of all government spending in Japan is done by subnational levels of government, and 51 percent of the central state's current operating expenditures are transfers downward that serve to support that high rate of local spending. And though Japan is a centralized state, over a third of its taxation is collected locallly. In consequence, Japan is quite anomalous when set alongside a representrative sample of federal and unitary states. No other country among the nine OECD nations used, for comparative purposes, in this dissertation combines such high fiscal transfers with heavy levels of subnational spending and taxation. And no other country gives close control over a large terrain of subnational taxation to a central-state agency (the Ministry of Home Affairs). The ministry's vast bureaucratic turf brings it into conflict with the Ministry of Finance, as both seek to maintain or expand their fiscal jurisdiction. They are thus not interested in fiscal decentralization in large part because they are busy fighting "trench wars" with each other on these tax fields. This dissertation hence undertakes a detailed analysis of intergovernmental fiscal history in Japan, focusing in particular on the Ministry of Home Affairs' ambiguous role in the Japanese state. The case studies of inter-bureaucratic fiscal politics include the Local Allocation Tax (a large general subsidy) as well as an array of taxes on the fields of income, assets and consumption. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate

Thesis: M.S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1975 / Bibliography: leaves 79-80. / by Richard Joseph Boyland, Jr. / M.S. / M.S. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management

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