Dans le Modèle Standard de la Physique des Particules, le boson de Higgs permet de générer la masse des particules élémentaires. Les contraintes théoriques et expérimentales actuels imposent au boson de Higgs d'avoir une masse comprise entre 114.4 et 158 GeV à 95% de niveau de confiance. Ces résultats confortent la recherche du boson de Higgs à basse masse dans la fenêtre encore ouverte.Le détecteur Dø est situé près de Chicago, au Tevatron, collisionneur protons-antiprotons avec une énergie dans le centre de masse de 1.96 TeV. le sujet de cette thèse est la recherche du boson de Higgs produit en association avec le boson Z. C'est un canal sensible au boson de Higgs de basse masse (<135 GeV) qui a un rapport avec le branchement H -> bb de l'ordre de 80% dans cette région en masse. Le canal d'étude ZH → nunubb a un état final composé de 2 jets de saveurs lourdes et de l'énergie transverse manquante emportée par les neutrinos.L'identification des jets de saveur lourde est réalisée à l'aide d'un nouvel algorithme que l'on a développé (SLTNN) : la méthode est basée sur la désintégration semi-leptonique des quarks b.L'analyse de recherche du boson de Higgs a été menée avec 3 fb-1 de données. L'utilisation de SLTNN a permis d'améliorer de 10% l'efficacité d'identification de boson de Higgs. En revanche, la sensibilité globale de l'analyse, une fois les bruits de fonds et erreurs systématiques prises en compte, est très peu améliorée. / In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs boson generates elementary particles mass. Current theoretical and experimental constraints leads of a Higgs boson mass between 114.4 and 158 GeV with 95% confidence level. Moreover, Tevatron has recently excluded the mass window between 100 et 109 GeV with 95% confidence level. These results gives a clear indication search Higgs boson at low mass. Dø detector is located close to Chicago, at Tevatron, proton-antiproton collider with an energy in the center of mass 1.96 TeV. the topic of this thesis is the search of Higgs boson associated to a Z boson. It is a sensitive channel to low mass Higgs boson (<135 Gev) which has a branching ratio close to 80% in this mass range. The decay channel ZH → nunubb has in the final state 2 heavy-flavor jets and missing transverse energy due to neutrinos.The heavy-flavor jets identification is done thanks a new algorithm we have developped (SLTNN) : the method is based on semi-leptonic decay of b quarks.the Higgs boson search analysis was done with 3 fb-1 of data. The use of SLTNN permits to increase by 10% of Higgs boson tagging efficiency. On the other hand, global analysis sensitivity improvement, after taking into account the backgrounds and systematic errors, is low

Cette étude s'intéresse aux risques associés à la formation d'une ATmosphère EXplosive (ATEX) née d'une fuite d'hydrogène et de sa dispersion dans l'air ambiant. La fuite a été modélisée par un jet turbulent à densité variable libre, impactant sur une sphère de diamètre 20mm ou sur une plaque plane. Dans un premier temps, les champs de vitesses et de concentration ont été obtenus expérimentalement en proche sortie grâce à des mesures de Vélocimétrie par Images de Particules (PIV) et de Fluorescence Induite par Plan Laser sur l'acétone (PLIF). La turbulence et le mélange ont été caractérisés pour le cas d'un jet libre ou en présence d'un obstacle. A partir de ces mesures, la structure générale de l'écoulement a été étudiée à partir des champs moyens et fluctuants par comparaison avec les données de la bibliographie. Puis, les données issues des fluctuations ont été analysées statistiquement par l'étude des fonctions de densité de probabilité du scalaire. Ces travaux se sont poursuivis avec la mise en relation des résultats expérimentaux avec ceux obtenues par des simulations numériques DNS (Direct Numerical Simulation) utilisant la méthode Boltzmann sur Réseau (LBM) d'un scalaire passif dans un jet d'air. Cette étude a permis de recueillir et d'analyser des données supplémentaires sur le mélange d'un jet à masse volumique variable libre ou impactant. Ces données sont directement applicables à la maitrise des risques liés aux fuites d'hydrogène. / This study examines the risks associated with the formation of an explosive atmosphere from a hydrogen leak and its dispersion into the air. We considered the leak as a turbulent jet with density variable, free and impinging a $20,mm$ diameter sphere or a flat plate. Firstly, velocity and scalar fields have been measured experimentally in the near field through Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and acetone Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF). Turbulence and mixing have been defined in the case of free jet and impinging jet. From this measurements, the flow structure has been presented from the mean and fluctuating flow measurements by comparison with literature data. Next, the fluctuation scalar fields are studied with the probability density function method. Finally, a comparison has been conducted between the experiments and direct numerical simulation (DNS) of turbulence based on the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for passive scalar in air jet. This study is gathering and analyzing data on the mixing of jet with density variable, free and impinging jet. Such data is directly useful to identify and control risks incurred due to hydrogen leak.

Context. Over the past few years, on several occasions, large, continuous rotations of the electric vector position angle (EVPA) of linearly polarized optical emission from blazars have been reported. These events are often coincident with high energy gamma-ray flares and they have attracted considerable attention, since they could allow us to probe the magnetic field structure in the gamma-ray emitting region of the jet. The flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 279 is one of the most prominent examples showing this behaviour. Aims. Our goal is to study the observed EVPA rotations and to distinguish between a stochastic and a deterministic origin of the polarization variability. Methods. We have combined multiple data sets of R-band photometry and optical polarimetry measurements of 3C 279, yielding exceptionally well-sampled flux density and polarization curves that cover a period of 2008-2012. Several large EVPA rotations are identified in the data. We introduce a quantitative measure for the EVPA curve smoothness, which is then used to test a set of simple random walk polarization variability models against the data. Results. 3C 279 shows different polarization variation characteristics during an optical low-flux state and a flaring state. The polarization variation during the flaring state, especially the smooth similar to 360 degrees rotation of the EVPA in mid-2011, is not consistent with the tested stochastic processes. Conclusions. We conclude that, during the two different optical flux states, two different processes govern polarization variation, which is possibly a stochastic process during the low-brightness state and a deterministic process during the flaring activity.

Neste trabalho estudou-se a fenomenologia da observação de novos bósons vetoriais com massa da ordem de 1 TeV no LHC. Em particular, a análise foi feita para um bóson vetorial neutro que se acopla com os bósons carregados do Modelo Padrão e esses bósons decaem hadronicamente deixando uma assinatura com jatos no detector. Esse tipo de sinal possui um enorme fundo de QCD devido ao ambiente hadrônico intrínseco ao LHC, de maneira que o uso de técnicas de análise de subestrutura de jatos se tornam indispensáveis. A motivação do trabalho vem dos modelos com dimensões extras curvas que possuem torres de Kaluza-Klein de novos bósons de gauge. Estes são responsáveis por garantir a unitariedade nos espalhamentos dos bósons vetoriais do MP, estudamos em especial a primeira excitação do \'Z POT. 0\', o bóson \'Z POT. 1\'. Na análise fenomenológica vericamos que o LHC possui um grande potencial de descoberta e exclusão dessas classes de modelos além do MP. Para tanto estudamos o sinal pp -> \'Z POT. 1\' -> WW -> jatos e os processos do MP do tipo pp -> jatos, com pelo menos dois jatos na janela de massa do W. Vericamos que para um \'Z POT. 1\' de largura \'M IND. z \'IND. 1\'/10, com massa da ordem de 1 TeV e acoplamentos da ordem de \'10 POT. 3\' vezes menores que os acoplamentos do MP é possível observá-lo no LHC com 30 \'fb IND. -1\' de luminosidade integrada com 14 TeV de energia no centro de massa. / In this work we present a phenomenological study of the observation of new vector bosons with mass around 1 TeV at the LHC. We analyse a neutral vector boson that couples to the charged bosons of the Standard Model and this bosons decay hadronically leaving a multiple jets signature on the detector. This kind of signal has an enormous QCD background due to the hadronic enviroment of the LHC, making the analysis of jet substruture indispensable. The motivation for this work comes from warped extra dimensions models, wich have Kaluza-Klein towers of new gauge bosons. These are responsable for assuring the unitarity of the vector bosons scatterings in the SM. We studied the first excitation of the Z0 bosons, the Z1 boson. We veried that the LHC has a great potential of discovery or exclusion for this classes of theories beyond the SM. For the analysis, we studied the process pp -> Z1 -> WW -> jets and the background processes of the SM of the type pp -> jets, with at least two jets in the W mass window. We veried that for a Z1 with width MZ1/10 , mass of O(1 TeV) and couplings 10^3 times more weakly than those of the SM, it is possible to observe it in the LHC with 30 fb-1 of integrated luminosity in the 14 TeV run.

A study is presented on the production of vector boson (W and Z0) events in association with recoiling hadronic activity in the form of hadronic jets, using proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The dataset was taken by the ATLAS detector during the 2011 data-taking run, at a centre of mass energy p s = 7 TeV, and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.6 fb 1. A measurement of the cross-section ratio of W+jets Z+jets events is de ned, reducing the large systematic uncertainties inherent in the experimental measurement of such events. Inclusive and di erential cross-sections are presented for W+jets Z+jets , as a function of a range of kinematic variables, and are compared to state-of- the-art theoretical predictions.

Thesis. 1978. M.S.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND AERONAUTICS. / Includes bibliographical references. / M.S.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Includes bibliographical references. / by José Converti. / Ph.D.

Title: Study of jet production with the ALICE experiment at the LHC Author: Vít Kučera Department: Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics Supervisor: RNDr. Jana Bielčíková, Ph.D., Nuclear Physics Institute of the ASCR, v.v.i. Abstract: The theory of strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics, predicts a phase transition between hadronic matter and the quark-gluon plasma where quarks and gluons are deconfined. This state of matter is expected to be created in ultra-relativistic collisions of heavy ions. Jets from partons which interact with the strongly interacting matter created in heavy-ion collisions can be used as probes to study this medium. The ALICE experiment installed at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN enables using jets to study medium in heavy-ion collisions. An analysis of data measured with the ALICE experiment in 2010 in the lead nuclei collisions at energy √ sNN = 2.76 TeV is presented in the thesis. The results of this analysis are presented in a study of jets reconstructed with the kt and anti-kt algorithms. The study includes an analysis of tracks, an analysis of background and focuses on an analysis of inclusive jet spectra. Various aspects of jet spectra are studied including modification of jets in the central collisions expressed by the ratio RCP. Also a summary of author's...

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