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"July 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-221) Appendix A. MATLAB code

"July 2002" / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-221) / viii, 240 leaves : ill. (some col.), plates (some col.) ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2002

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2005. / Supervisor: Daniel Ewing. Includes bibliographical references (p. 139-146).

The effect of jet flow pulsing and blowing ratio on a jet in cross flow has been investigated. Preliminary jet flow studies were performed without cross flow and an extensive study of jet with cross flow was done for a total of nine test cases. The effect of velocities ratios of 0.85 and 3.4, as well as pulsing the jet flow at 20Hz, was investigated in the near and far field of the jet. A comparison between the jet in cross flow and an inclined cylinder in cross flow was also performed. Hot film measurements were taken within a grid of the flow field in the jet symmetry plane and out of the symmetry plane. Instantaneous velocities were generated at each location and mean velocity, RMS values, Reynolds stresses and mean vorticity were calculated and compared for each case. The higher velocity ratio case (VR=3.4) caused the jet flow to lift up from the wall penetrating into the cross flow compared to the lower velocity ratio case (VR=0.85) where the jet fluid remained attached to the wall and no lift off was observed. The higher velocity ratio case resulted in increased mean velocities, RMS values, Reynolds stresses and mean vorticity throughout the flow field compared to the low velocity ratio case. Secondary turbulent structures were discovered in the wake region of the inclined cylinder. Similar structures were absent in the downstream flow region during the jet in cross flow experiments. There was no significant effect on the jet trajectory as a result of jet pulsing. For both velocity ratio cases the jet trajectory remained similar to the steady cases. Jet pulsing increased the instantaneous velocity RMS levels and Reynolds stresses in the near field of the jet, but did not seem to affect the RMS levels and Reynolds stresses beyond x/d=4. Jet pulsing had a significant effect on the distribution of spectral energy. Distinct energy peaks are generated at the pulsing frequency and its harmonics. The distinct spectral peaks were largest close to the jet exit and within the jet flow, but were detectable throughout the entire flow field. / Graduation date: 2003

Graduation date: 1995

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio State University, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-107). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

This thesis presents the results of an experimental and analytical study of single-port buoyant turbulent jets discharged into shallow water. The experimental results include the measured downstream dilution, centerline concentration and trajectory. Independent parameters considered were Froude number, submerged depth, discharge angle and velocity ratio. Results indicate that decreasing the discharge depth provides earlier occurrence of surface effect and greatly decreases dilution. Dilution increases with decreasing Froude number. Increasing the discharge angle from the horizontal into cross current increases the dilution ratio. The effect of ambient current on dilution depends on the angle of discharge. For cross-flow discharges, the dilution rate decreases with increasing ambient current, while for co-flow discharge the reverse trend was observed. As plumes reach the water surface, the dilution rate increases with increasing ambient velocity. The jets bend over rapidly for cross-flow discharges when large ambient currents are present. The analytical portion of this report presents an integral method proposed by Davis (1975) for merging multiple buoyant jets. This merging model was used to simulate the single-port buoyant jet in shallow water. This was done by using an image method where the submerged depth was simulated by the spacing between images. The entrainment function as presented by Kannberg and Davis (1978) was used except for a modification within the zone of merged plumes. Comparisons of the model prediction were made with experimental data. Results indicate that good predictions are obtained for buoyant jets discharging at 0 and 45 degrees into shallow water by using the image method as long as the Froude number is above 13.5. For lower Froude number and vertical discharges, model predictions are only fair. / Graduation date: 1991

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