Utilizing statistical methods as a risk assessment tool can lead to potentially effective solutions and policies that address various social issues. One usage for such methods is in observation of crime trends within a municipality. Cluster and hotspot analysis is often practiced in criminal statistics to delineate potential areas at-risk of recurring criminal activity. Two approaches to this analytical method are Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering (NNHC) and Kernel Density Estimation (KDE). Kernel Density Estimation fits incidence points on a grid based on a kernel and bandwidth determined by the analyst. Nearest Neighbor Hierarchical Clustering, a less common and less quantitative method, derives clusters based on the distance between observed points and the expected distance for points of a random distribution. Crime data originated from a public web map and database service that acquires data from the Johnson City Police Department, where each incident is organized into one of many broad categories such as assault, theft, etc. Preliminary analysis of raw volume data shows trends of high crime volume in expected locales; highly trafficked areas such as downtown, the Mall, both Walmarts, as well as low-income residential areas of town. The two methods, KDE and NNHC, dispute the size and location of many clusters. A more in-depth analysis of normalized data with refined parameters may provide further insight on crime in Johnson City.

Soldiers and civilians alike sought to make sense of the war following the silencing of the guns with the signing of the armistice in 1918. One of the foremost veteran groups leading this effort was the American Legion, founded in 1919. This World War I veteran organization would provide an outlet for Great War veterans to share camaraderie, interact with their local communities, and ultimately pay homage to their fallen brothers in arms. In line with the national organization's agenda and programs, the American Legion Kings Mountain Post No. 24 in Johnson City, TN executed two very different versions of WWI memorialization, one built in 1922 and another in 1935. These two memorials served the community in vastly different ways throughout the 1900s. The first was a commemorative marker and the second was a community centerpiece. In this paper, I argue that the differences between two World War I memorials in Johnson City are demonstrative of how the community progressively oriented its identity and infrastructures around Great War veterans following the conflict. Johnson City's physical and memorial landscapes changed as the city sought to reconcile the war and its survivors. Each memorial served veterans and the larger community in ways that aligned with both the veterans' needs and larger social contexts of Johnson City at the times of their creations. Ultimately, the memorials were intended to serve very different purposes within the community. Both veterans and nonveterans in the community responded more favorably to the 1935 Johnson City WWI memorial initially, and then continued to utilize it much more frequently throughout the twentieth century. It was a memorial that was intended to be interacted with regularly. The second memorial's central role in the community was cemented by how the memorial's placement and style differed from its predecessor. The second memorial was more accessible to the public, partnered with a more prominent municipal facility, had an expanded scope, and utilized nationalistic iconography. These key differences are a result of the community's increased dedication to Great War veterans by 1935. As care for World War I veterans became a central component of the city, so did memorializing the conflict. / Master of Arts / Between 1922 and 1935, the American Legion Kings Mountain Post No. 24 erected two very different World War I memorials in Johnson City, TN that served the community in very different ways. The first was a memorial placard, and the second was a community centerpiece that hosted both commemorative ceremonies and noncommemorative events. Why did the World War I veterans of Johnson City erect two memorials to the same conflict, and why were they so different from one another? This thesis examines the memorials and their roles in the community in order to demonstrate how World War I reshaped American communities with a vested interest in veteran affairs. World War I forever changed the social, physical, and memorial landscapes of Johnson City. Following World War I, a series of medical, legal, and social veteran infrastructures were developed and established in Johnson City as the community reoriented itself around addressing the rising needs of Great War veterans returning home. The placements, styles, and functions of the memorials mirrored the city’s development into a community dedicated to World War veterans. Caring for Great War veterans became a central component of the city, and its memorialization of the conflict followed suit. World War I veterans were held in high esteem by the community following the conflict. The Legionnaires used that esteem to garner community support for their memorial projects and developed a version of memorialization that the entire community could use.

Zoning map for Johnson City, Tennessee created February 18, 2000 by Johnson City GIS. The guide to zoning districts can be found in a box on the lower left corner. The color coded key and additional information is included along the bottom. Arterial and collector streets are also denoted using empty versus solid circles. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1" = 2000' / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1058/thumbnail.jpg

Zoning map for Johnson City, Tennessee created November 6, 2013 by Johnson City GIS. The guide to zoning districts can be found in a box on the lower left corner. The color coded key and additional information is included along the bottom. Arterial and collector streets are also denoted using empty versus solid circles. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1" = 2000' / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1059/thumbnail.jpg

Zoning map for Johnson City, Tennessee created March 9, 2007 by Johnson City GIS. The guide to zoning districts can be found in a box on the lower left corner. The color coded key and additional information is included along the bottom. Arterial and collector streets are also denoted using empty versus solid circles. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1" = 2500' / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1060/thumbnail.jpg

Zoning map for Johnson City, Tennessee created July 2, 2021 by Johnson City GIS. The guide to zoning districts can be found in a box on the side of map. The color coded key and additional information is included. An inset of downtown is featured in the bottom left corner. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale 1" = 2000' / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1061/thumbnail.jpg

Street map of Johnson City, Tennessee created on June 18, 1993 by Johnson City GIS. This map denotes the highways and roads of Johnson City as they were in 1993. No scale is included. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1062/thumbnail.jpg

Produced by the Johnson City GIS Division on July 25, 1997, this map denotes the streets of Johnson City. The legend includes fire stations, neighborhoods, and schools. A city street index is also included. The map was designed by Gregory Plumb, GIS Coordinator and Ann Howland, GIS Database Manager. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1:24,000 1" = .4 mile / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1063/thumbnail.jpg

Produced by the Johnson City GIS Division on April 23, 1998, this map denotes the streets of Johnson City. The legend includes fire stations, neighborhoods, and schools. A city street index is also included. The map was designed by Gregory Plumb, GIS Coordinator and Ann Howland, GIS Database Specialist. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1:24,000 - 1" = .4 mile / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1064/thumbnail.jpg

Produced by the Johnson City GIS Division on December 17, 2014, this map denotes the streets of Johnson City. The legend includes fire stations, hospitals, city parks, and schools. A city street index is also included along the left side edge. Physical copy resides with Johnson City, Geographic Information Systems Division. Scale - 1" = 2000' / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1065/thumbnail.jpg