Thesis (M.D.) -- University of Maryland, 1815. / Includes bibliographical references. Microform version available in the Readex Early American Imprints series.

Thesis (D.PT.)--Sage Colleges, 2009. / "May 2009." "A Capstone project for PTY 768 presented to the Faculty of the Department of Physical Therapy Sage Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Physical Therapy." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Western Ontario, 1992. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 295-307).

Thesis (M.D.S.)--University of Hong Kong, 2006.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 20-21). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Oregon, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 20-21).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-131).

Le mouvement nécessite la coordination de nombreux muscles. La manière dont le système nerveux adapte la commande motrice sous l’effet de contraintes telles que la fatigue ou la douleur n'est pas encore bien comprise, en particulier lors des tâches multi-segmentaires. Ce travail a démontré que lors d’une tache de pédalage sous-maximale, une pré-fatigue unilatérale du quadriceps entraîne une redistribution préférentielle de l'activité musculaire vers la jambe controlatérale pour compenser. Une seconde étude réalisée à puissance maximale (i.e sprint) a mis en évidence une diminution de l'activation des muscles synergistes, mais permettant le maintien de l’efficacité de pédalage. De façon originale, une amélioration de l'activation d'autres muscles a été observée, participant à augmenter la force produite lors de la phase de traction de la pédale pour les deux jambes. Enfin, en réponse à une douleur locale, les résultats d’une dernière étude suggèrent que, lorsqu'il existe une opportunité claire de compenser, des adaptations se produisent dans le but de diminuer la charge dans le tissu touché. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse a démontré que les coordinations musculaires s'adaptent à la fatigue et à la douleur en exploitant les nombreux degrés de liberté disponibles dans cette tâche. Ces adaptations ont été discutées au regard des théories et lois de contrôle proposées dans la littérature incluant la minimisation de « fonctions de coût » (énergétique, mécanique et/ou nerveux) ou d’adaptation à la douleur, mais aussi des contraintes spécifiques de la tâche (orientation de la force externe à la pédale, transferts inter-segmentaires, couplage mécaniques et nerveux inter-jambes). / Movement requires the coordination of multiple muscles. How this is done during fatigue and pain is not well understood, particularly in multijoint tasks. This thesis investigated muscle coordination and the adaptations to local fatigue or pain during pedaling. Fatigue and pain was induced unilaterally on the quadriceps, which made it possible to determine the adaptations at these perturbed muscles, as well as between synergists, and muscles within the same leg and between legs. The thesis demonstrated that during submaximal pedaling, the unilateral pre-fatigue results in a predominant redistribution of muscle activity towards unaffected muscles at the contralateral leg. Another study performed in the same pre-fatigue condition but at maximal intensity, provided evidence that muscle coordination changes to decrease activation of ipsilateral synergist muscles allowing to maintain an effective force orientation at the pedal. Interestingly, we also observed an increase in activation of other muscles which participated to improve the total force produced during the flexion phase of both legs. Finally, another study that induced unilateral local pain, supported pain adaptation theories suggesting that when there is a clear opportunity to compensate, adaptations to pain occur to decrease load within the painful tissue. Overall this thesis demonstrated that muscle coordination readily adapts exploiting the many degrees of freedom available during pedaling. Both neural (between legs) and mechanical (between pedals) couplings in this specific task and the minimization of cost functions (neural, energetic, mechanical) or pain adaptation theories might explain these results.

Includes bibliographical references. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain and dysfunction occurs commonly in the general population. Various surgical procedures have been used in the management of those patients who have not responded to conservative measures. Research into the surgical management of TMJ dysfunction and pathology has been restricted due to the lack of a suitable animal model. This study was undertaken initially to develop the sheep as an animal for TMJ research. The study has shown that Australian Merino sheep, with a TMJ broadly similar in size to humans, provides a satisfactory experimental model for TMJ research.

The economic development that China has experienced since Deng Xiao Ping¡¦s ¡¥Open Door Policy¡¦ has attracted an influx of foreign companies wishing to capitalize on China¡¦s vast resources. This thesis evaluates the role of western foreign management and joint ventures in China and how both have contributed to China¡¦s management development and economic growth in general.