Neste trabalho apresentamos a classificação algébrica e geométrica das álgebras de Jordan de dimensões pequenas sobre um corpo $k$ algebricamente fechado de $char k eq 2$ e sobre o corpo dos números reais. A classificação algébrica foi realizada de duas maneiras: a menos de isomorfismos e a menos de isotopias. Enquanto que a classificação geométrica foi feita estudando as variedades de álgebras de Jordan $Jor_$ para $n \\leq 4$ e $JorR_$ para $n\\leq 3$. Provamos que $Jor_$ tem 73 órbitas sob a ação de $GL(V)$ e que é a união dos fechos de Zariski das órbitas de 10 álgebras rígidas, cada um dos quais corresponde a uma componente irredutível. Analogamente, mostramos que $JorR_$ tem 26 órbitas e é a união dos fechos de Zariski das órbitas de 8 álgebras rígidas. Também obtivemos que o número de componentes irredutíveis em $Jor_$ é $\\geq 26$. Construímos ainda três famílias de álgebras rígidas não associativas, não semisimples e indecomponíveis as quais correspondem a componentes irredutíveis de $Jor_$ e $JorR_$ para todo $n\\geq 5$. / In this work we present the algebraic and geometric classification of Jordan algebras of small dimensions over an algebraically closed field $k$ of $char k eq 2$ and over the field of real numbers. The algebraic classification was accomplished in two ways: up to isomorphism and up to isotopy. On the other hand, the geometric classification was obtained studying the varieties of Jordan algebras $Jor_$ for $n\\leq4$ and $JorR_$ for $n\\leq3$. We prove that $Jor_$ has 73 orbits under the action of $GL(V)$ and it is the union of Zariski closures of the orbits of 10 rigid algebras, each of which corresponds to one irreducible component. Analogously, we show that $JorR_$ has 26 orbits and is the union of Zariski closures of the orbits of 8 rigid algebras. Also we obtain that the number of irreducible components in $Jor_$ is $\\geq26$. We construct three families of indecomposable non-semisimple, non-associative rigid algebras which for any $n\\geq5$, correspond to irreducible components of $Jor_$ and $JorR_$.

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Agricultural settlement projects have been the main Jordanian strategy to settle the nomads. This study focuses on one example of this strategy, namely the Qatrana projects. The main objectives of this study are to analyze the traditional socio-economic aspects of the Qatrana people, spontaneous settlement and changes which have experienced by them, the Jordanian policy to settle the nomads, and the achievements of the Qatrana settlement projects to the planned governmental goals and the settlers' objectives. Major findings of the study are that: (1) traditional nomads in Qatrana were adaptive to their arid environment in terms of their socio-economic way of life. (2) in Qatrana, the traditional nomadic way of life is diminishing, and the number of nomads is declining because they are vulnerable to the recent forces of change. (3) Jordan's official strategy to settle the nomads has been to encourage them to settle on the basis of agricultural projects and social services provided at these projects. This strategy has been carried out within the general policy of national development. To determine the achievements of settlement projects in Jordan, interview schedules in Qatrana were conducted by the writer with 66 settlers, representing all the families in the projects and 50 households of the squatters. Results of the survey showed that the governmental goals in terms of creating a reserve fodder for the animals in the area and for sheep fattening, and alleviating pressure put on the natural range have failed. The governmental goals to settle the nomads and improve their living conditions, which coincides with the settlers' goals to settle, have succeeded in social equity terms, but not in economic efficiency terms. The majority of Qatrana nomads were settled in fixed houses, received title to the lands, enjoyed better living conditions, social services and greater income. These achievements have been of high governmental costs. It seems that settling the Jordanian nomads on the basis of livestock and range management strategy would develop the nomadic sector in Jordan with less costs than the agricultural strategy.

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It is well recognised that every disease has both genetic and environmental causes. There are indications that environmental factors may play a crucial role over a limited period of time in genetically susceptible individuals to initiate the pancreatic insulin producing beta-cells autoimmune process. No causal links between environmental triggering factors and the pancreatic autoimmune process have yet been identified unequivocally. Although the occurrence of autoimmune diabetes in Jordan is increasing by approximately one percent annually, studies on diabetes in young Jordanian children remain limited. Therefore, the rationale of this study hinges upon establishing a base-line dietary profile, and determining possible humoral and secretory immune response to native and heat processed bovine serum albumin modified with bovine insulin in young Jordanian children with diabetes. To minimise the increasing occurrence of the disease through proposing safe and inexpensive preventative interventions of the disease, this study is directed at improving the understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of the disease by participating in identifying potential primary environmental triggering factors. Obviously, the health care system is a vital element in every society to maintain people’s health of the highest standard. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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Premier roman de Margaret Laurence publié en 1960, This Side Jordan oppose monde ancestral et modernité par l'entremise de personnages ghanéens et anglais qui cherchent à affirmer leur identité à la veille de l’Indépendance du Ghana. Cette thèse présente la réflexion traductologique qui a accompagné notre traduction française de ce roman. Ce qui nous intéresse, c'est la pluralité des discours que tiennent les personnages du roman et le transfert de ces discours fictifs en traduction. La question fondamentale qui a motivé cet exercice est la suivante : est-il possible de substituer une pluralité de discours tenus en anglais en 1960 par d'autres discours pluriels tenus en français en 2013 et qui se voudraient identiques? Nous tentons d'y répondre grâce à l'analyse des différents discours qui dominent dans le roman, à de nombreuses illustrations de leur passage en traduction et aux pistes de réflexion proposées par les chercheurs, en traductologie comme dans d'autres disciplines.