Resume in English Name of the thesis: Abuse of law in Czech legislature and judicature Abstract: The submitted thesis analyses the development and the way of using, the principle of prohibition of abuse of law, in the field of Czech tax law. The thesis is dedicated not only to the development but also to the subsequent use of this principle in the judicature and legislation. Emphasis is placed on the judicature, which has undergone considerable progress. The thesis chapter defines fundamental terms and provides the essential explanation of them. This is needed for the further interpretation of the concept of the prohibition of abuse of law. Furthermore, the thesis deals with the regulations in force, which might be connected to this principle. Next topic in the thesis is the probable effect of this principle with other legal ideologies or institutes, such as legal certainty, legitimate expectation, and others. The subject matter of the thesis is dedicated to the study of the principle in present day application with a reflection to the common appearance in the individual fields of tax law and to the specifics of them. Considering the membership of the Czech Republic in the European Union, an analysis of the principle is made on the scope of the regulation within this context. The principle is used as an...

Resumé Controversial Issues of Necessary Defense in the Judicial Practice The purpose of my thesis is to analyze some potential problems in the case law of necessary defence. Studying the judicature alw ays helps the law yers to understand better the subject, because in a particular case, the law is used "in action" and explained by the judges. The thesis is composed of five chapters, each of them dealing w ith different aspects of criminal law or more precisely of necessary defence case law . Chapters One to Three introduce and describe the basics of czech criminal law , the intent of criminal law and criminal liability. Which are the ground topics of defence law . Chapter Four is the main chapter of the thesis and deals w ith defences - necessity and necessary defence. Chapter Four is divided into tw o subchapters. The first of them deals, as said before, w ith necessity. The second one w ith necessary defence and is itself divided into nine parts. Part One deals w ith the historically development of necessary defence and shortly introduces four (more precisely only three) different versions of those past and present legal forms. Parts Tw o to Seven examine the basic parts of necessary defence, those are: subsidiarity, attack, adequacy, excess from necessary defence, w eapon use in necessary defence and...

This thesis deals with the bill of exchange, which fulfils a specific funkction. It is s security for a debt. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part is concerned with the legal regulations of the bill of exchange generally. The second part deals with the bill of exchange as a security for a debt. This part completes the first part. The last part is concerned with the practical use of the bill of exchange within the bank credit.

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In March 19, 2004, That day was before the presidential election day, when The presidential campaign was in full swing, the President Chen and the Vice President was shot by a shooter. This criminal act shocked the whole world, and even the opposition parties argued this event had already changed the result of the presidential Election. After the presidential election, the KMT legislators and the PFP legislators are in the majority in The Legislative Yuan, and they passed ¡ythe Act of the Special Commission on the Investigation of the Truth in Respect of the 319 Shooting¡z(hereinafter the ¡§SCITA¡¨) without considering controversial issues. According to the law, the Special Commission on the Investigation of the Truth in Respect of the 319 Shooting (hereinafter the ¡§SCIT¡¨) was set up. December 15, 2004, J.Y. Interpretation NO.585 recognized the ¡¨SCIT¡¨ was the organization responsible for the exercise of investigation, and admitted the ¡¨SCIT¡¨ to be no violation of the Constitution. But the ¡§SCIAT¡¨ provided the power to ¡§SCIT¡¨ for ordering prosecutors and retrial, etc. There was in violation of the Constitution. The Legal Profession¡Bjurists and political scientists had different opinions with the character of ¡§SCIT¡¨¡Aand it also meant that the legislators of KMT and PFP challenged the independence of Taiwan¡¦s prosecutor system. Accordingly, they hoped the character of ¡§SCIT¡¨ can be similar with the¡¨ WARREN COMMISSION¡¨ in America. They even hoped to legislate for establishing the Independent Counsel System. Because they believe the prosecutor system in Taiwan cannot avoid intervention from politics or administrative organizations, so when a prosecutor investigates crimes, he might ignored some kinds of crime involving with high-position administrators. April 12,2004, a part of prosecutors from Shihlin District Prosecutors Office¡BTaoyuan District Prosecutors Office, and etc. They cosigned a public statement. It meant that ¡§Begin the independent prosecutor system, solve the crisis of the 319 truth and the innovation of prosecutor system to win-win situation¡¨. Their suggestion is establishing the independent prosecutor system to investigate some crimes involving with high-position administrators. Those prosecutors asserted that establishing the independent prosecutor System would be better than leading in the Independent Counsel System. And making the prosecutor a categoric judicatory position¡Battorney general substitutes the minister of Ministry of Justice to be the chief of the prosecutor system¡Ball prosecutor personnel matters decided by the prosecutor personnel committee, and etc. These methods will improve the independence of the prosecutor system, and avoid intervention from any illegitimate reasons. For the character of the Independent Counsel in America, it belongs to administration. United States Congress pass a law (Ethics in Government Act of 1978) to assure the Independent Counsel can exercise his power without interference. So the Independent Counsel in America is different from the prosecutor in Taiwan. Some constitutionalists claim that the Independent Counsel was in violation of constitution, and this contention was a key point of many reasons to make the law become void. According to these reasons, what is the difference between the Independent Counsel and the independent prosecutor system? Whether we must lead in the Independent Counsel System to solve the defect of the prosecutor system in Taiwan or not? Whether the power of control (one of the five powers of the government specified in the Constitution of the Republic of China) is analogous to the Independent Counsel System? Above-mentioned questions would be the topics of debate.

A presente pesquisa enfoca o campo da magistratura do trabalho e as estratégias dos magistrados do trabalho, observando uma abordagem relacional. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma problematização teórico-metodológica, com o objetivo de prevenir erros que derivem da falta de consciência dos pressupostos da análise. No segundo capítulo, é construída a noção de campo da magistratura do trabalho como espaço de lutas em torno da imposição universal da definição legítima do papel de juiz do trabalho, considerando-se os grandes movimentos estruturais do campo: a posição dominada original em face da tradição civilista da magistratura brasileira; a afirmação da especificidade protetiva da magistratura do trabalho; e a emergência de definições "parnasianas" da profissão judicial. O terceiro capítulo considera as trajetórias percorridas pelos magistrados individuais, no âmbito da estrutura móvel do campo, e a aquisição e a colocação em ato de disposições incorporadas, estabelecendo comparações entre as diferentes trajetórias e as definições do papel da magistratura reivindicadas e tendo em vista o condicionamento mútuo entre elas. / This research focuses the field of the laboral judicature and the strategies of the labour judges, through a relational approach. The first chapter proposes a theoretical and methodological problematization, aiming to prevent errors resultant of a lack of conscience about the analysis postulates. By the second chapter, it´s constructed the notion of field of the labour judicature as a space of fights established around the universal imposition of the labour judge´s role legitime definition, taking into consideration the great structural movements of the field: the original dominated position in face of the brazilian judicature´s civilist tradition; the affirmation of the protective specifity of the laboral judicature; and the arising of "parnasian" definitions of the judicial profession. The third chapter considers the trajectories crossed by the individual judges, in the context of the moveable structure of the field, and the acquisition and the placing in act of incorporated dispositions, by establishing comparisons between the different trajectories and the claimed definitions of the labour judge´s role and by taking into consideration the mutual conditioning between them.

A presente pesquisa enfoca o campo da magistratura do trabalho e as estratégias dos magistrados do trabalho, observando uma abordagem relacional. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma problematização teórico-metodológica, com o objetivo de prevenir erros que derivem da falta de consciência dos pressupostos da análise. No segundo capítulo, é construída a noção de campo da magistratura do trabalho como espaço de lutas em torno da imposição universal da definição legítima do papel de juiz do trabalho, considerando-se os grandes movimentos estruturais do campo: a posição dominada original em face da tradição civilista da magistratura brasileira; a afirmação da especificidade protetiva da magistratura do trabalho; e a emergência de definições "parnasianas" da profissão judicial. O terceiro capítulo considera as trajetórias percorridas pelos magistrados individuais, no âmbito da estrutura móvel do campo, e a aquisição e a colocação em ato de disposições incorporadas, estabelecendo comparações entre as diferentes trajetórias e as definições do papel da magistratura reivindicadas e tendo em vista o condicionamento mútuo entre elas. / This research focuses the field of the laboral judicature and the strategies of the labour judges, through a relational approach. The first chapter proposes a theoretical and methodological problematization, aiming to prevent errors resultant of a lack of conscience about the analysis postulates. By the second chapter, it´s constructed the notion of field of the labour judicature as a space of fights established around the universal imposition of the labour judge´s role legitime definition, taking into consideration the great structural movements of the field: the original dominated position in face of the brazilian judicature´s civilist tradition; the affirmation of the protective specifity of the laboral judicature; and the arising of "parnasian" definitions of the judicial profession. The third chapter considers the trajectories crossed by the individual judges, in the context of the moveable structure of the field, and the acquisition and the placing in act of incorporated dispositions, by establishing comparisons between the different trajectories and the claimed definitions of the labour judge´s role and by taking into consideration the mutual conditioning between them.

A presente pesquisa enfoca o campo da magistratura do trabalho e as estratégias dos magistrados do trabalho, observando uma abordagem relacional. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma problematização teórico-metodológica, com o objetivo de prevenir erros que derivem da falta de consciência dos pressupostos da análise. No segundo capítulo, é construída a noção de campo da magistratura do trabalho como espaço de lutas em torno da imposição universal da definição legítima do papel de juiz do trabalho, considerando-se os grandes movimentos estruturais do campo: a posição dominada original em face da tradição civilista da magistratura brasileira; a afirmação da especificidade protetiva da magistratura do trabalho; e a emergência de definições "parnasianas" da profissão judicial. O terceiro capítulo considera as trajetórias percorridas pelos magistrados individuais, no âmbito da estrutura móvel do campo, e a aquisição e a colocação em ato de disposições incorporadas, estabelecendo comparações entre as diferentes trajetórias e as definições do papel da magistratura reivindicadas e tendo em vista o condicionamento mútuo entre elas. / This research focuses the field of the laboral judicature and the strategies of the labour judges, through a relational approach. The first chapter proposes a theoretical and methodological problematization, aiming to prevent errors resultant of a lack of conscience about the analysis postulates. By the second chapter, it´s constructed the notion of field of the labour judicature as a space of fights established around the universal imposition of the labour judge´s role legitime definition, taking into consideration the great structural movements of the field: the original dominated position in face of the brazilian judicature´s civilist tradition; the affirmation of the protective specifity of the laboral judicature; and the arising of "parnasian" definitions of the judicial profession. The third chapter considers the trajectories crossed by the individual judges, in the context of the moveable structure of the field, and the acquisition and the placing in act of incorporated dispositions, by establishing comparisons between the different trajectories and the claimed definitions of the labour judge´s role and by taking into consideration the mutual conditioning between them.

This thesis focuses on the application of bill of exchange as a security for a debt and tries to give an extensive review of a judicature, relevant to this theme. First part of the thesis is providing information about essentials of bill of exchange. The thesis body offers the view on issue, acceptance, co acceptance, transfer of a bill of exchange and claiming the creditor's rights. In conclusion the thesis compares various ways of recovery of creditor's claims.

Protection of Economic Competition - Agreements Violating Competition The aim of this thesis is to investigate and analyze legal relations arising from the anti-competitive agreements according to Czech law on the one hand and according to European law on the other hand. The thesis emphasizes analysis of the relevant judicature of respective courts and public authorities because this area of law is significantly amended by the case law. The first chapter defines and specifies general terminology regarding protection of economic competition. This part provides comprehensive interpretation of the relevant legal regulations regarding anti-competitive agreements, describes the mutual relation between the terms, and points out some issues of the current legislation. In the second chapter author focuses on the issues of anti-competitive agreements and gives their analysis in terms of form, participants and their distinction. Further, this chapter includes demonstrative specification of the particular state of facts of anti-competitive agreements. The last chapter provides a detailed analysis of selected questions from the perspective of the relevant judicature of respective courts and public authorities. Author chose two cases decided by Czech courts and two European cases. The cases have been chosen...