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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Generalização do Ansatz de Kadanoff-Baym em teorias quânticas de campos à temperatura finita / Generalization of the Kadanoff-Baym Ansatz in Quantum Field Theory at Finite Temperature.

Britto, André Luiz Moura 18 December 2018 (has links)
No âmbito da teoria quântica de campos (TQC) foram estudados modelos de quench exatamente solúveis. Nestes modelos, obteve-se uma generalização do ansatz de Kadanoff-Baym que se mantém em todos intervalos de tempo. Algumas hipóteses sobre fenômenos de não-equilíbrio em TQC em temperaturas finitas foram analisadas e estendidas neste contexto. Para tanto, examinamos as funções de Green nesses modelos e os comparamos com os resultados aproximados que são frequentemente usados na literatura. Um dos modelos descreve sistemas de não-equilíbrio do tipo vítreo. Esses sistemas exibem um comportamento que é compatível com o esperado do teorema de flutuação-dissipação. As propriedades básicas foram consistentemente deduzidas e resultados explícitos para a temperatura efetiva e frequências características foram obtidas. / We have studied exactly quenched models in the context of Quantum Field Theory(QFT). In these models, a generalization of the Kadanoff-Baym ansatz was obtained which holds at all times. Some assumptions concerning non-equilibrium phenomena in QFT at finite temperatures were analysed and extended in this framework. To this end, we have examined the Green\'s functions in these models and compared them with the approximated results which are often used in the literature. One of the models describes non-equilibrium systems of the glassy-kind. Such systems exhibit a behaviour which is compatible with that expected from the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. The basic properties were consistently deduced and explicit results for the effective temperature and characteristic frequencies were obtained.
2

Modelo de Potts com interações aleatórias em redes fractais

ANDRADE, Pedro Henrique A. de 31 January 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Danielle Karla Martins Silva (danielle.martins@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-06T13:36:10Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Pedro_Avelino.pdf: 1323463 bytes, checksum: e318ba395aedcf401b84f9051875d9eb (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-06T13:36:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação_Pedro_Avelino.pdf: 1323463 bytes, checksum: e318ba395aedcf401b84f9051875d9eb (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O estudo das intera¸c˜oes entre os spins em materiais magn´eticos ´e um tema de grande importˆancia em mecˆanica estat´ıstica. A investiga¸c˜ao das grandezas termodinˆamicas e estat´ısticas de modelos de spins, tal como o modelo de Potts, ajudam a entender melhor a dinˆamica de sistemas complexos, possibilitando uma grande variedade de aplica¸c˜oes em diversas ´areas. No caso do modelo de Potts, por exemplo, suas aplica¸c˜oes v˜ao desde a teoria de grafos em F´ısica Matem´atica, simula¸c˜oes de forma¸c˜ao de guetos ´etnicos em Sociologia at´e estudos sobre padr˜ao de crescimento de c´elulas malignas e sua influˆencia no crescimento de tumores de cˆancer. Nesta disserta¸c˜ao, investiga-se a transi¸c˜ao de fase do modelo de Potts com q estados, definido em uma rede fractal e com intera¸c˜oes aleat´orias (positivas e negativas) entre spins primeiros vizinhos. Os valores dessas intera¸c˜oes s˜ao escolhidos randomicamente a partir de uma fun¸c˜ao de densidade de probabilidades e distribu´ıdas em uma rede hier´arquica da fam´ılia diamante com fator de escala 3. Considerou-se as seguintes fun¸c˜oes sim´etricas: gaussiana (normal), delta-bimodal, uniforme e exponencial. Essa fam´ılia de redes ´e constru ´ıda de uma maneira iterativa em um processo que lhe assegura a propriedade de invariˆancia de escala, possibilitando assim que a t´ecnica do grupo de renormaliza¸c˜ao no espa¸co real de Migdal-Kadanoff seja apropriada para estudar os fenˆomenos cr´ıticos do modelo em tais redes. As equa¸c˜oes de renormaliza¸c˜ao para os acoplamentos e para suas correspondentes transmissividades t´ermicas foram obtidas de forma anal´ıtica exata. Utilizando o m´etodo conhecido como m´etodo dos reservat´orios foi poss´ıvel analisar numericamente a evolu¸c˜ao das distribui¸c˜oes dos acoplamentos renormalizados e verificar a existˆencia de uma transi¸c˜ao da fase paramagn´etica de altas temperaturas para a fase condensada em baixas temperaturas, determinando-se os respectivos pontos cr´ıticos para os casos particulares com o n´umero de estados de Potts q = 3, 4, 5 e 6, em redes com dimens˜ao fractal Df = 4, 5 e 6. Para cada modelo espec´ıfico com n´umero de estados de Potts q = 3, 4, 5 e 6, foi tamb´em calculada a correspondente dimens˜ao cr´ıtica inferior, abaixo da qual a transi¸c˜ao de fase n˜ao ´e observada
3

Diagramme de phase du modele de Potts bidimensionnel.

Richard, Jean-Francois 19 September 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Le modele de Potts permet de decrire le comportement des corps ferromagnetiques, en les<br />modelisant comme des spins a Q etats situes sur un reseau de dimension deux et interagissant entre eux.<br />Il est relie a beaucoup de problemes usuels en physique statistique et en mathematiques, par exemple la percolation ou le coloriage de reseaux, ce qui fait la richesse de son diagramme de phase. Afin d'etudier ce dernier, nous decomposons la fonction de partition<br />en caracteres, pour differentes conditions aux limites, en utilisant la theorie de<br />representation du groupe quantique Uq(sl(2)) ainsi que des methodes combinatoires.<br />Ensuite, nous determinons numeriquement les zeros limites dans le plan de temperature<br />complexe, et conjecturons des proprietes du diagramme de phase. En particulier, on montre que la phase de Berker-Kadanoff disparait lorsque Q est egal a un nombre de Beraha, et que de nouveaux points fixes<br />apparaissent.
4

Étude des transitions de Peierls dans les systèmes unidimensionnels et quasi-unidimensionnels

Bakrim, Hassan January 2010 (has links)
We studied the structural instabilities of one-dimensional (1D) and quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) electron-phonon systems at low temperature through two models, SuSchrieffer-Heeger (SSH) and molecular crystal (CM) with and without spin. The phase diagrams are obtained using a Kadanoff-Wilson renormalization group approach (GR). For the 1D half-filled system the study of the frequency dependence of the electronic gap allowed us to connect continuously the two limits, adiabatic and non-adiabatic. The Peierls and Cooper channels interference and the quantum fluctuations reduce the gap. A regime change occurs when the frequency becomes of the order of mean field gap, marking a quantum-classical crossover that is the Kosterlitz-Thouless type. At this level, the effective coupling behaves in power law function on frequency. For the case with spin, a gapped Peierls state is maintained in the non-adiabatic limit, while for the case without spin, the system transits to ungapped disordered state, namely the Luttinger liquid stat (LL). For the SSH model without spin, the GR confirms the existence of a threshold phonon coupling beyond which the gap is restored. The study of the rigidities of the two models without spin allowed us to trace the main features of the LL state predicted by the bosonization method. The study of the Holstein-Hubbard model has allowed us not only to reproduce the phase diagrams already obtained by the Monte Carlo method, but to highlight two additional phases, namely, free fermions phase and the bond charge-density-wave phase. We have extended this study to the quarter-filled Q1D Peierls systems at finite temperature. Within the SSH model, an unconventional superconducting phase with spin singlet symmetry SS-s emerges at low temperature when the deviation to the perfect nesting of the Fermi surface is strong enough. Peierls-SS transition is characterized by the presence of a quantum critical point at low frequency and by a power law behavior of the transition temperature as a function of frequency with an exponent identical to one of 1D system. This exponent which universality has been verified contrasts with the BCS result. Coulomb interactions have been introduced through the study of the extended SSH-Hubbard model. The extension of this work to half-filled SSH and CM cases was also performed.

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