This paper summarizes the problems of human thermoregulation and its measurement, with a focus on the method of indirect calorimetry in resting conditions at different ambient temperatures and during physical activity. It also introduces the issue of human thermal comfort and the methodology of its monitoring using thermal manikin. It describes PowerCube Ergo (Ganshorn, Germany) and Cardiovit AT-104 (Schiller, Switzerland), the diagnostic devices used to spiro-ergometry measurements. It introduces the options to export data. The work proposes the protocol for measuring the thermoregulation of the small group of volunteers, which is realized by the practical part. According to the same protocol is monitored thermal comfort of the thermal manikin. In MATLAB is created the application, allowing clear analysis of measurement records. The data are evaluated and discussed.

The thesis is focused on problems of thermal treatment of sludge from wastewater treatment plants. The main objective is to establish a formula for calculating higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) of sludge based on its chemical analysis. The work is divided into two main parts: The theoretical part deals with the characteristics of sludge, thermal treatment of sludge, it isn´t omitted higher heating value and lower heating value. The main topic of a practical part is formulation of eguations for HHV and LHV calculation. Chemical analysis of sludge samples were supplied by TÜV NORD Czech s.r.o., together with the values of HHV and LHV. The calculations were verified by the program MINITAB.

This diploma thesis deals with study of crystalline structure of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which contains different types of additives for studying of their nucleation activity and which were prepared by mixing. It is about boronitrid (BN), sacharin, hydroxapatit, plasticizer Tegmer a tree types of talc. Crystal structure was analysed by differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction, supramolecular structure was observed by optical microscopy (polarized and confocal laser scanning). Nucleating activity was evaluated by isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization made on calorimeter and heated table of optical microscope. There is not influence of additives on crystallographic structure, but additives affects number and size of spherulites including crystal domains defects, which can have impact on final mechanical properties. BN and talcs react as nucleating agents, other additives during low and high cooling speeds (vc) inhibit nucleation and in middle cooling speeds are without effect. Nucleating activity is not evaluated by numerically, because decrease of crystallization temperature together with vc is not linear. Results of direct methods are based on picture analysis, which is great benefit for understanding of crystal behaviour of PHB.

This master thesis deals with study of chitosan-lignohumate, chitosan-polystyrenesulfonate, chitosan-alginate and chitosan-carrageenan polyelectrolyte complexes. The work was motivated by research of finding suitable alternative substance for lignohumate. The molecular weights of substances were characterized using SEC-MALLS. A degree and a character of the interactions between polyelectrolyte were studied by isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering method. The calorimetric experiments proved that decreasing concentration of samples causes decreasing of heat flow. The best calorimetric measurements were provided by adding chitosan into polymer solution. The interactions between chitosan and polyanions and influence of mixing order were proved also by measuring intensity of zeta potential, Z-average of particle size and turbidity. New chitosan-based materials have a big potential in agriculture and medicine.

The work deals with optimization of the technological properties of cement-sand mixtures. The main objective is to find the correct mixture of the individual components which contribute to the rapid solidification of the mixture, hence shorter dismantling. The content is also of a method of measuring and recording during the plasticity of the mixture. Also assessment of the velocity of hydration heat cement mixture in the initial stage of the solidification process in the course of the strength properties of the mixture. To assess these phenomena was used calorimetric method used for measuring hydration heat cement mixture. Further measurements plasticity mixtures and mechanical and physical methods for measuring the compressive strength with the help of a measuring instrument LRU-D.

The subject of this thesis are the rheological properties of cement paste with the addition of amorphous silicon dioxide. The basic rheological parameters are that describe the behavior of cement pastes in the fresh state. The work also included rheological tests including measurement principle and method of evaluation. Effect of mineral admixtures with high content of amorphous SiO2 is summarized the available scientific articles. In the experimental part, the effects of impurities with a high content of amorphous SiO2 on the rheological properties of fresh cement paste. It was tested by substitution of up to 10 % by weight of cement in the cement pastes mineral admixtures of different chemical composition, particle size and pozzolanic activity. Flow measurement was measured yield value, viscosity, and flow index. The stability of cement pastes was investigated oscillatory measurements. To complement the behavior pastes in the fresh state was determined by calorimetry. Test results were compared with those determined by reference samples and compared the effect of various ingredients.

First artificial PHB granules were prepared under the terms of this thesis. The effect of used PHB solvent, ultrasonic bath temperature and time, solvent evaporation temperature and stabilizing agent nature was investigated using dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering. The most proper parameters were demonstrated at samples which were prepared by dissolving of PHB in chloroform, stabilizing with CTAB or lecithin, ultrasonifying at 35 °C followed by chloroform evaporating at 60 °C. Based on ATR-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy results, it was found out that PHB within the artificial granules were in crystalline form. The native PHB granules were isolated from Cupriavidus necator using either lysosyme, deoxyribonuclease and cell disruption by ultrasonification or digestion with alcalase, SDS and EDTA. Granules obtained by both isolation procedures were characterized by ATR-FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, light scattering techniques and DSC. According to the analyses results, the second mentioned procedure turned out to be more effective for obtaining the polymer in amorphous state. Furthermore, the polymer within granules recovered by using this procedure was thermally more stable. Last but not least, the native PHB granules samples were exposed to effect of acetone, lipase and sodium hypochlorite, assuming that polymer crystallinity should be increased by these chemicals in varying degrees. The highest degree of crystallinity was achieved after their treatment with lipase.

In this master thesis it was studied morphology of polyamide 12 (PA12), polyamide 11 (PA11) and their blends in the percent ratios 95/5, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75 and 5/95 formed at pressure 7 MPa in a calorimeter both after continual heating and cooling and after annealing and isothermal crystallization. Neat polyamides and blends were further characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry at atmospheric pressure, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total refection, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The increased pressure improved level of polyamide chains ordering in crystal lamellae. Thermal annealing improved especially ordering of PA12, isothermal crystallization led to considerable increase of crystallinity, whereas PA11-rich blends supported perfection of PA12 crystals. Partial transformation of - to -structure occurred in case of neat PA12 at high pressure, the change of the chain conformation into the closer one occurred in neat PA11 without transformation of the type of crystal structure.

Title: Comparison of individual methods of basal metabolism determination Objectives: The aim of the work is to compare the individual methods of basal metabolism. These values were measured by indirect calorimetry, plethysmography, bioelectric impedance and predictive equations. Methods: The research was attended by 31 people, including eight men and twenty-three women. All participants of my research were aged 21-30 years. None of the participants was a professional athlete, they were all healthy and none of the women were pregnant or had menstruation. The indirect calorimetry, bioelectronics impedance device Tanita MC - 980 and BOD POD were used to collect the data. Basal metabolic rates were calculated from the prediction equations by Harris & Benedict, Fleisch's equation and Schofield's equation using measured anthropometric values. Results: The results of the methods that have been used for this group of people vary, but the difference is not significant. If we choose as a reference method indirect calorimetry, we can't replace it by any other method. The results for other methods are not significantly different, so we can replace one method with another, except indirect calorimetry. From calculations, we also found out that fat free mass greatly influences the results of basal metabolic rate...

The doctoral thesis is divided into two parts - Thermal analysis in physics education on high school and Material research of Al-Zn-Mg(-Cu-Sc-Zr) alloys. Within the first part, the areas of crystallization and/or melting of selected foods were determined using differential scanning calorimetry. A practical lesson for high school physics has been created and tested. The study text focused mainly on differential scanning calorimetry and its use was made. In the second part of the doctoral thesis, there was analysed thermal evolution of the phase transformation in the Al- Zn-Mg(-Cu) alloys with Sc and Zr addition. The effect of (cold and hot) deformation on the decomposition sequences was studied. The hardening effect after annealing above 300 řC in the Sc and Zr alloys is caused by the precipitation of the secondary Al3Sc,Zr) particles. These particles were observed by transmission electron microscopy after annealing up to 360 řC in all studied AlZnMg(Cu)ScZr alloys. In the AlZnMgCu alloy the partial recrystallization was observed after annealing at 350 řC/10 hours and after annealing at 450 řC/10 hours the grain size was 50-200 m (depending on the treatment of the alloy). The addition of Sc, Zr in the AlZnMgCuScZr stabilizes grains and there is no recrystallization in the AlZnMgCuScZr alloy at temperature...