The theoretical part approaches the topics connected with the transport of dangerous goods and associated topics, for example, from the development of legislation relating to the transport of dangerous goods from the time of the Austrian empire and the First Czechoslovak Republic through the current legislation, e. g. domestic and international validity, and also an important document - the agreement of the ADR, on which the legal rules are based. The next part of the thesis is concerns hazardous substances, including the description of their classification and identification. The following section, which deals with the characteristics of the transport of dangerous goods, including training of persons carrying dangerous goods, the obligations of the participants with transportation from the point of view of safety. An important part of the transport of dangerous goods is also documentation. The three basic documents are: transport document, safety data sheet and the written instructions for the driver. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the following: the requirements regarding the properties on gear road vehicles that transport dangerous goods; the activities of the occupants of the vehicle, if an accident occurs or the emergency situation and the related release of hazardous substances; traffic restrictions, such as restrictions on the transit of vehicles carrying dangerous goods in road tunnels. Conclusion of the theoretical part deals with the principles of the behavior of the population in case of accidents with leakage of hazardous substances and related improvised protection of individuals. These principles build on the models of situations with leaks of hazardous substances that are listed as part of the results. The aim of this thesis is to determine compliance with the legislation on the transport of dangerous goods by road. For setting the goals there are two research questions, namely: How much are traffic regulations being broken? Which regulation of the transport of dangerous goods by road is being broken most often? To determine the answers to the research questions we chose a survey using the questionnaire survey focused predominantly on the driver transporting dangerous goods by road. In the thesis, respectively, the research included a total of 100 valid questionnaires. In the questionnaire survey all of the respondents were randomly chosen, however, some of them refused to answer some questions. The survey revealed that infringement in the field of transport occurs in a fairly small range. The selected eighteen provisions in the legislation, which were violated in varying degrees, were most often replied by the drivers that they never met with the violation of the regulation (together marked 825 times, expressed in % 45,83 % of the total), exceptionally (together marked 782 times, expressed in % 43,44 % of the total), regularly (together indicated by 181 times, expressed in % 10,06 % of the total) or always (together identified 12 times, expressed in percent of the 0.67% of the total). The questionnaire survey also revealed that violations of regulation of the smoking ban is most often. Out of 100 respondents, 30 answered that they met with a violation of this regulation regularly (26) or always (4). Among the other most frequently infringed legal regulations in the field of transport include the rules in securing the cargo to the loading area, where 19 respondents out of 100 answered that they met with a violation of this regulation regularly or always. The rules concerning the manipulation with dangerous goods during the course of loading and unloading, it was noted that 19 of the respondents met with a violation of this regulation regularly (17) or always (2). There are also the results of modeling accidents in the program of the Terrorist Expert TerEx.