Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Idaho, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available electronically on the Internet.

This thesis describes the results of a study of 33 tephra layers found within two peat sections near Anchor Point and Homer, Alaska, on the lower Kenai Peninsula. Numerous lower Cook Inlet volcanoes have been active through the Holocene. Tephra layers found at these two sites provide a partial record of their eruptive activity. The hazards that accompany this activity have increased as populations and commercial activities expand and air traffic over the region increases. The tephras analyzed for this study provide an initial geochemical database for the lower Cook Inlet volcanoes. The database is available in electronic format at the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory. The Anchor Point and Homer sections contain tephras from Augustine, Iliamna, and possibly other volcanoes in the region. Anchor Point, the principal section for this study, yielded ten 14C ages ranging from 645 ± 85 cal yr BP at a depth of 14 cm to 8810 ± 205 cal yr BP at 270 cm. Seventeen tephra layers from Anchor Point and 16 from Homer were characterized by stratigraphic position, age, and grain-discrete major-element geochemical analysis by electron microprobe. Nine tephra layers are correlated by geochemical analysis between the Anchor Point and Homer sections. Several newly discovered tephra layers have been correlated with source volcanoes, three with Augustine and at least seven with Iliamna Volcano. The average recurrence interval of tephra fall events at Anchor Point is approximately 520 yrs.

No description available.

Genetic differences between early and late forms of Alaskan chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were identified using two genetic approaches: mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis and protein electrophoresis. The study populations consisted of early- and late-run chinook salmon in each of the Kenai and Kasilof rivers in Alaska, and a single population from the Minam River, Oregon, that provided a relative scale for the differences among the Alaskan populations. Two segments of mtDNA were amplified separately using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and then digested with 14 to 16 restriction enzymes. Results showed that the two early runs were genetically similar to each other but different from either of the late runs. The late runs were different from each other based on the frequency of the common haplotypes. The Minam River stock shared two haplotypes with the Alaskan stocks and displayed one unique haplotype. The frequency difference in the shared haplotypes together with the presence of a unique haplotype allowed us to separate the Oregon population from those in Alaska. In the protein analysis, each of the five populations was examined at 30 allozyme loci to determine variation within and between the runs. Based on 14 polymorphic loci, Minam River chinook salmon were genetically distinct from the Alaskan populations. Within the Alaskan populations, the two early runs were most similar to each other but different from the two late runs; the two late runs were also genetically most similar to each other. Based on all loci, protein electrophoresis proved to be a useful technique to separate stocks of chinook salmon. On a locus by locus basis, however, mtDNA was more powerful. Both mtDNA and allozyme analysis suggest that chinook salmon may segregate into genetically different early and late forms within a drainage. / Graduation date: 1995