The thesis deals with the current state and future development of climatic conditions of South Moravia in relation to wind erosion and determining the effectiveness of windbreaks. Localities represent areas vulnerable to wind erosion. Climatic conditions were evaluated for the periods 1961-1990, 2021-2050 and 2071-2100, using climadiagrams, temperature and precipitation extremity, water balance and climatic regions. Scenarios assume decrease of subnormal temperature months, negative water balance values and increase in extremely above normal temperature months and below normal precipitation months and the probability of dry vegetation period. The threat of drought should increase and thus the land area threatened by wind erosion as well. Significant ability of windbreaks to reduce wind speed, even when trees are still without leaves, was demonstrated by measuring at five selected windbreaks in South Moravia. The calmest zone was detected at a distance of two to three times the height of the windbreak on the leeward side. To assess the effectiveness of windbreaks in different phenophases without measuring the optical porosity and model WEng were used. Model outputs showed similar attenuation of wind speed as the results of field measurements, but only in the vicinity of the windbreak.