Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4495.pdf: 942091 bytes, checksum: 081323303118fcd38c830ac4fe44e9e0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-20 / According to current scenery on knowledge production about teachers education, especially on initial formation within courses of degree, this work has intended to defend that there is an opportunity of diversification and deepening of the knowledge basis for the teaching during long duration supervised traineeship determined by Biological Sciences graduation in UFSCar. The research was oriented by the following question: Which elements of the teaching knowledge basis have been constructed by Biological Sciences Graduation students in the end of their initial formation process? From this question, the objective was developed: (1) to identify the dialogical construction of knowledge (that comprises the knowledge base) revealed by students writings and speeches from the dialogical construction process. Lee Shulman (Knowledge Basis) served as Theoretical Reasons, consider the processes of pedagogical reasoning and action. The process of teacher formation includes shared long duration regencies besides traineeship of observation. In order to investigate this process, we required some data generator instruments: (a) interpretation of eighteen participants metaphors and (b) the second year of traineeship closure conversation with seven students. Our study presents the category General Pedagogical Knowledge as the most representative regarding to teaching knowledge basis, when both the self-dialogue and the face to face dialogue were considered. The Content Knowledge and Pedagogical Content Knowledge were categories with lower expressiveness. The dialogically constructed outlines within knowledge basis were: (1) on teaching planning, (2) on elements of teaching-learning and (3) on students and their history. / Partindo do contexto recente da produção de conhecimentos sobre a formação de professores, especificamente sobre a formação inicial em cursos de licenciatura, esta investigação pretendeu defender a tese da possibilidade de construção da base de conhecimento para o ensino desde a sua formação inicial, com condução dialogada baseada na ação-reflexão-ação, nos períodos de estágio supervisionado de longa duração previstos pelo projeto pedagógico do curso de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas da UFSCar. A seguinte questão orientou a pesquisa: Quais elementos da base de conhecimento para o ensino são construídos por estudantes de licenciatura em Ciências Biológicas ao final de seu processo de formação inicial com condução dialogada, em estágio supervisionado com regência de longa duração? Desdobraram-se desta questão os seguintes objetivos: (1) identificar evidências de conhecimentos construídos por meio dos processos de raciocínio pedagógico, que compõem a base de conhecimento para o Ensino, reveladas pelas mentes de estudantes de licenciatura participantes desta investigação a partir de instrumentos que trazem suas escritas e falas contextualizadas em processo inicial de aprendizagem da docência; especificamente, (2) identificar os processos de raciocínio pedagógicos envolvidos na construção da base inicial de conhecimento para o ensino e (3) considerar as ações de ensinar e de ser professor, que compõem a docência, na construção de conhecimentos das mentes de estudantes de licenciatura. Assumimos nesta investigação como fundamentação teórica estudos de Lee Shulman (base de conhecimento e processo de raciocínio pedagógico). O contexto de formação em estágio previa não apenas estágio de observação, mas também regências compartilhadas de longa duração. Metodologicamente, para a investigação utilizou-se como instrumentos geradores de dados: (a) interpretação de metáforas dos 18 participantes e (b) uma conversa de encerramento do segundo ano de estágio com 7 estudantes, dos 18, que estagiaram num mesmo ano do Ensino Fundamental. Como resultados, considerando a docência e suas ações de Ensinar e de Ser Professor, evidenciou-se a categoria Conhecimentos Pedagógicos Gerais que compõem a base de conhecimento da docência, como a mais representativa, dados os instrumentos de coleta de dados. As outras duas categorias, Conhecimento do Conteúdo Específico e Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo, foram evidenciadas com menor expressividade. Alguns dos principais elementos construídos nas categorias da base foram conhecimentos (1) sobre planejamento de ensino, (2) sobre elementos constitutivos do processo de ensino e de aprendizagem e (3) sobre os alunos e seu contexto, correspondendo e identificando como centrais os processos do raciocínio pedagógico de transformação, instrução e reflexão.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6159.pdf: 2638937 bytes, checksum: 063113e503be4de10d584b6cc327cc4b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / This dissertation aims at investigating educational indicators of professional development in teaching through the participation of novice and experienced music teachers in the late years of elementary school in a continuing education distance program. The study is based on the notions of educational indicators and educational indicators of professional development in teaching proposed by Reali (2009) and Reali et al. (2004), in Shulman s theory on teachers professional knowledge base and the pedagogical reasoning process (1986; 1987; 2005) as well as on teachers professional experience based on Tardif (2012). In this qualitative study, the constructive-collaborative method of intervention-research was used, in which the teachers narratives concerning their education and professional practice were considered. Music teachers continuing distance education was developed from April to December 2011 on the UFSCar Teachers Portal. Tools of software packages Moodle and Skype were used for data collection in the study. After completing the program, thirteen (13) music teachers in the late years of elementary school were selected and constituted the study sample. In its results, the investigation found eleven (11) educational indicators of professional development in music teaching. As regards novice teachers, it was observed that they tend to not master all the necessary knowledge for teaching; show greater difficulties in planning activities and defining contents to be taught; tend to master and use some technologies applied to musical reproduction and practice in music teaching. Concerning the experienced teachers, it was observed that, in atypical situations of professional practice, they show difficulties in mastering music content, in choosing contents to be taught and in planning lessons; are concerned about getting to know students and their involvement with music better; seek for information on songs of students interest, even if their treatment does not exclusively take place in class; show to be more secure in defining the music contents to be taught; are concerned about students broader development and not only about their learning music content; show to have greater access to and greater knowledge of music teaching materials; tend to show tranquility when coping with situations that arise unexpectedly; and are constantly learning. / Esta tese objetiva investigar indicadores educacionais de desenvolvimento profissional da docência por meio da participação de professores de Música, iniciantes e experientes, dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental em um curso de formação continuada a distância. A pesquisa se fundamenta nas noções de indicadores educacionais e indicadores educacionais de desenvolvimento profissional da docência propostas por Reali (2009) e Reali et al. (2004), na teoria sobre a base de conhecimento para o ensino e do processo de raciocínio pedagógico de Shulman (1986; 1987; 2005), e, ainda, no tempo de experiência profissional docente com base em Tardif (2012). Nesta pesquisa qualitativa, o método construtivo-colaborativo de pesquisa-intervenção foi empregado, no qual as narrativas de formação e atuação profissional dos docentes foram consideradas. A formação continuada à distância de professores de Música foi desenvolvida de abril a dezembro de 2011 junto ao Portal dos Professores da UFSCar. Para a coleta dos dados da pesquisa foram utilizadas as ferramentas dos softwares Moodle e do skype. Após a realização do curso, treze (13) professores de Música dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental foram selecionados e constituíram a amostra da pesquisa. Em seus resultados, a investigação constatou onze (11) indicadores educacionais de desenvolvimento profissional da docência em Música. Com relação aos professores iniciantes a pesquisa verificou que esses: tendem a não dominar todos os conhecimentos necessários ao ensino; apresentam maiores dificuldades no planejamento das atividades e na definição dos conteúdos a serem ensinados; tendem a dominar e empregar algumas tecnologias aplicadas à reprodução e ao fazer musical no ensino de Música. Quanto aos professores experientes, a investigação averiguou que: em situações atípicas de atuação profissional, apresentam dificuldades no domínio de conteúdos da Música, na escolha de conteúdos a serem ensinados e no planejamento das atividades das aulas; preocupam-se em conhecer mais os alunos e seus envolvimentos com a música; procuram por informações sobre as músicas de interesse dos alunos, mesmo que o tratamento das mesmas não aconteça com exclusividade nas aulas; demonstram maior segurança na definição dos conteúdos de Música a serem ensinados; preocupam-se com o desenvolvimento mais amplo dos alunos e não apenas com as aprendizagens dos conteúdos de Música; demonstram possuir maior acesso e conhecimentos dos materiais didáticos da Música; tendem a apresentar maior tranquilidade no enfrentamento de situações que surgem inesperadamente; e, estão sempre aprendendo.

Cette thèse de doctorat s’intéresse à ce que les enseignants du Québec connaissent de leurs élèves. Plus spécifiquement, ce travail se situe dans le champ de recherche sur les savoirs professionnels des enseignants et, plus largement, celui de la professionnalisation de l’enseignement. L’étude de la connaissance de l’élève, jusqu’ici peu explorée ou peu détaillée, nous permet d’aborder la façon dont les enseignants d’aujourd’hui adaptent et modifient leurs pratiques en fonction des élèves dans leurs classes. Pour ce faire, nous étudions la question de la connaissance de l’élève par les enseignants sous trois dimensions. D’abord, nous tentons de mieux comprendre la nature de ce type de connaissance. Selon Anderson et al. (2001), trois principales connaissances sont à l’œuvre dans le travail professionnel : des connaissances factuelles, des connaissances conceptuelles et des connaissances procédurales. Ainsi, en premier lieu, nous décrivons ces trois types de connaissances. Ensuite, nous interrogeons l’origine de la connaissance de l’élève. Plusieurs auteurs, notamment Shulman (1987 : 2004) dont les travaux sur le Teachers Knowledge Base for Teaching (base de connaissances) furent fondateurs, supportent l’idée que c’est l’expérience pratique qui en est la principale source, dans la mesure où c’est elle qui contribue le plus à l’apprentissage des enseignants. Or, considérant que la formation initiale à l’enseignement transmet également de nombreux savoirs lors de la formation initiale de quatre ans, nous tentons dans un deuxième temps de mieux comprendre d’où provient la connaissance de l’élève. Par la suite, nous nous intéressons à la manière dont est mobilisée la connaissance de l’élève dans les pratiques enseignantes. En effet, nous pensons que notre projet doctoral ne serait pas complet sans essayer de mieux cerner la mobilisation de cette connaissance dans les activités quotidiennes de l’enseignant avec ses élèves. En troisième lieu, nous décrivons les différentes actions de l’enseignant qui sont influencées ou modulées en fonction des connaissances qu’il possède à propos de ses élèves. À l’aide d’entrevues semi-dirigées (n=25) et de quatre groupes de discussion, ainsi que de l’analyse thématique de leurs transcriptions, nous proposons une vision d’ensemble de la connaissance de l’élève qu’ont les enseignants. Les personnes interrogées ont toutes entre 3 et 8 ans d’expérience en enseignement et travaillent principalement dans la grande région de Montréal. Ils sont enseignants au préscolaire-primaire, au secondaire, en éducation physique et à la santé, en adaptation scolaire et à la formation générale des adultes. Nos résultats montrent que les enseignants possèdent différentes connaissances sur leurs élèves, qu’elles varient selon la matière enseignée et le cycle d’enseignement, qu’ils apprennent sur eux principalement sur le terrain et qu’ils utilisent la connaissance de l’élève dans de nombreuses actions et décisions quotidiennement. Au fil de cette recherche doctorale, il est apparu qu’il n’est pas aisé de circonscrire ce type de connaissance et de bien saisir comment l’enseignant la prend en compte dans son enseignement. Cependant, nous pensons que notre étude mène à des éclaircissements importants dans la manière de concevoir les savoirs professionnels des enseignants, a de fortes implications pour la formation initiale à l’enseignement, tout en proposant une compréhension plus juste du travail enseignant avec les élèves. / This doctoral thesis focuses on what teachers in Quebec know about their students. More specifically, we insert this work in the field of research on teachers' professional knowledge and, more broadly, within the concept of the professionalization of teaching. The study of teachers' knowledge about students, which until now has been little studied or not very detailed, allows us to address the way in which today's teachers adapt and modify their practices in relation to the students in their classrooms. To do so, we study teachers' knowledge about students in three dimensions. First, we try to better understand the nature of this type of knowledge. According to Anderson and al. (2001), there are three main types of knowledge: factual knowledge, conceptual knowledge and procedural knowledge. In our theoretical framework, we detail these three types of knowledge. Next, we question the source of knowledge about students. According to several authors, notably Shulman (1987), whose work on the knowledge base for teaching was seminal, supports the idea that it is practical experience that most trains teachers. However, considering that pre-service teacher education also transmits a great deal of knowledge through the four years of the program, we try to gain a better understanding of where the student's knowledge comes from. Then, we look at how knowledge about students is mobilized in teachers » practices. Indeed, we believe that our doctoral project would not be complete without trying to better define the mobilization of this knowledge in the daily activities of the teacher with these students. Therefore, we describe the different actions of the teacher that are influenced or modulated according to the knowledge he has about his students. Based on the thematic analysis of semi-structured interview (n=25) and four focus group, we believe that we can draw a portrait of the knowledge about students. The interviewed teacher’s all have between 3 and 8 years of teaching experience and work mainly in the Greater Montreal area. They are teachers in preschool and elementary school, secondary school, physical and health education (PHE), special education and general adult education. 8 Our results show that teachers have different type of knowledge about their students, that their knowledge varies according to the subject matter and cycle of teaching, that they learn on them through experience and that they use their knowledge about students in many actions and decision every day. At the end, we will see that it is not easy to define this type of knowledge and to understand how teachers take it into account in their teaching. However, we believe that our study leads to important clarifications in the way teachers' professional knowledge is conceived, has strong implications for teacher education, and leads to a more accurate understanding of teachers work with students.