The proverb ¡§Knowledge is power¡¨ points out the importance of knowledge. The advancement of information technology and increased competition among enterprises has pushed many researchers to study knowledge management. Most organizations understand the importance of knowledge and treat knowledge as a vital resource. However, it is not quite clear whether knowledge resource can increase organizational performance in the constantly changing environment. Although literature has indicated the key role of knowledge resources and their impact on organizational performance, empirical study is still lacking in this research domain. Hence, the purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge resources and organizational performance. An empirical study was conducted to evaluate the research model. Major findings include: (1) The degree of knowledge documentation has significant positive effect on the market performance of an organization; (2) Organizational culture and the degree of information technology applications have significant positive effects on both management performance and market performance. Organizational structure has significant positive effects on management performance, but the explicit-orientation of knowledge management strategy has negative effects on both management performance and market performance; (3) The nature of organizational knowledge has a moderating effect on the effect of the degree of information technology applications on management performance. Our findings can help managers and chief knowledge officers better the nature of organizational knowledge and organizational performance in order to cope with the dynamic environment.