This master's thesis deals with the basic principles of slot antennas. Models of antennas were simulated in a selected electromagnetic simulator CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS). There are several models of slot antennas which are optimized for communication in the car at a frequency 8 GHz.

The thesis describes methods for spectrum monitoring, which are used by the Czech telecommunication office. The thesis describes a design of an RF unit for a portable monitoring station and its potential use. The RF unit consists of several devices, which are connected. Devices like an antenna, a rotator, a rotator control unit, coaxial switches, an amplifier and attenuator were chosen as commercially available devices. It is also described, why were these devices chosen. Other devices such as filters, a control unit for the RF unit and a power supply were designed. The RF unit is controlled by a computer. A software for spectrum monitoring contains a graphical user interface for the RF unit control.

In this thesis, shows a current issue for free space optics, limiting their use in practice with regard to the availability and reliability. They conducted measurements on wireless optical links and the observed values is calculated by the availability of the connection. Subsequently, measurements are performed on alternate versions of wireless and copper connections. Observed values were compared with a wireless optical link. It is made of optical design of wireless connections at home.

This thesis is focused on the design of the antenna to a specific application XY. Emphasis is placed on a narrow antenna beam width, which will ensure full-fledged profit for the tag directly below the antenna. This thesis presents a total of five proposals that could be used by XY application. This thesis also presents the results of field measurements, which confirm the improved characteristics of the antenna with parasitic patch.

The work considers pulse wire-guided electromagnetic (EM) waves. The main contribution of the work is the original design of the isolation bushing for maximizing of the received wave (echo) thanks to the results of the numerical simulations, the acquirement of the new acknowledges of the reflections of the guided EM wave from the various boundaries, the construction of PML layers for FDTD simulations in rotational coordinates, the advances made in temporary excitation sources for FDTD and the formulation of the program code for FDTD in rotational coordinates in Matlab environment. The rightness of the numerical simulations was verified in practical experiments. The practical exploitation of the results is supposed in instrumentation and control technology - the level measurement in reservoirs.