This master’s thesis develops a novel method of digital holography, from recent studies known as Fresnel Incoherent Correlation Holography (FINCH). The method enables the reconstruction of the correlation records of three-dimensional objects, captured under quasi-monochromatic, incoherent illumination. The experimental system is based on an action of a Spatial Light Modulator, driven by computer generated holograms to create mutually correlated beams. Both optical and digital parts of the experiment can be carried out using procedures of classical holography, diffractive optics and digital holography. As an important theoretical result of the master’s thesis, a new computational model was proposed, which allows to describe the experiment completely with respect to its two basic phases. The proposed model allows to understood the method intuitively and can be used additionally for analysis and interpretation of the imaging parameters and the system optimalization. The theoretical part of the master’s thesis also presents a detailed description of the correlation imaging based on an appropriate reconstruction process. Computational models were developed for both monochromatic and quasi-monochromatic illumination. In experimental part, all theoretical results were verified. The imaging parameters were examined using standard resolution target tests and appropriate biological samples. As an original experimental result, spiral modification of the system resulting in a vortex imaging was proposed and realized. Here, a selective edge enhancement of three-dimensional objects is possible, resulting in a significant extension of possible applications of the method.

The objective of the thesis is to design and implement in the VHDL language a simple multiprocessor supporting parallel computing. Furthemore, the author has designed and realized universal transparent generic interconnection layer with the objective to connect any given number of processor cores to shared address space using arbitrated bus. Parametrized cache has been allocated to each core in the layer. MSI protocol was used to deal with the issue of memory coherence of the implemented system. Direct and indirect synchornisation support is available to the user. In order to verify the functionality of the system, simple processor core has been designed and implemented, and its copies were connected to the interconnection layer. Various testing programmes have been used to verify the functionality of the system, which also confirmed that the acceleration of computing has been achieved successfully. Virtex6 chip has been used to test the whole system.

This thesis deals with a theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a new method for the refractive index of air measurement. This method uses a combination of laser and low-coherence interferometry. The experimental setup is based on the Michelson interferometer equipped with a double-spaced glass cell. The optical path difference between the inner and outer part of the cell that is proportional to air refractivity is estimated using two low-coherence interference signals. These signals are analysed in the frequency domain which results in the dependence of the phase change caused the by air on vacuum wavelength. This dependency is fitted by a theoretical function based on Edlén's equations in order to calculate the phase difference for laser wavelength. This value is then made more accurate utilising two laser interference signals and used for the air refractive index calculation. The new method was experimentally verified and compared to two different techniques. Moreover, the measurement uncertainty was evaluated.

Coherence-Controlled Holographic Microscope (CCHM) and a Fluorescence Holographic Microscope (FHM) were developed particularly for quantitative phase imaging and measurement of live cell dynamics, which used to be a subject of digital holographic microscopy (DHM). CCHM and FHM in low-coherence mode extend capabilities of DHM in the study of living cells. However, this advantage following from the use of low coherence is accompanied by increased sensitivity of the system to its correct alignment. Therefore, the introduction of an automatic self-correcting system is inevitable. Accordingly, in the thesis, the theory of a suitable control system is derived and the design of an automated alignment system for both microscopes is proposed and experimentally proved. The holographic signal was identified as a significant variable for guiding the alignment procedures. On this basis the original basic realignment algorithms were proposed, which encompasses the processes for initial and advanced alignment as well as for long-term maintenance of the microscope aligned state. Automated procedures were implemented in both microscopes unique set of robotic mechanisms designed and built within the frame of the thesis work. All of the procedures described in the thesis were in real experimentally proved at real microscopes in the experimental biophotonics laboratory. In addition, the control software, which contains the needed automated procedures, was developed for FHM.

The aim of the diploma thesis is theoretical analysis of optical fiber sensory sensing using coherent and incoherent interferometry, creation of simulation models of interferometers and their practical measurement. The first part deals with the description of basic physical principles and interferometers. In the second part the thesis deals with the description and design of optical microphones, which are based on the principles of physical interferometers Michelson and Mach - Zehneder interferometer. Both models are simulated in the VPIphotonics simulation environment. In the third part of the thesis, both models are assembled and measured. The last part of the thesis presents the differences between the interferometers and the results of the measurements.

The present thesis analyses the paragraph structuring of non-literary texts in Czech and Spanish and in translations from Spanish into Czech. Paragraph has been defined as a textual and cognitive unit, which is characterized by a unity of topic and inner coherence and plays an important role in text production and interpretation. The central part of the thesis presents the results of an empirical analysis of three groups of non-literary texts consisting in a three-stage comparison of comparable and parallel texts. The first aim of the analysis is to detect whether there are any culture-bound differences in paragraph length and thematic structure between comparable Spanish and Czech texts. The quantitative analysis was also focused on average length of sentences. The second aim is to describe the translators' approach by comparing the translations with their respective originals. Subsequently, the translations were compared with comparable original Czech texts. Based on this comparison it has been determined to what extent the translations are oriented towards the pole of adequacy (reflecting the values of the source language), or on the contrary, towards the pole of acceptability (reflecting the values of the target language). A translation analysis attempts to describe the factors influencing the...

This thesis studies the impact of shale gas on commodity and stock markets in the U.S. by employing wavelet approach and conducting a time-frequency analysis of dynamic correlations between natural gas and important representatives of commodity markets: crude oil, coal, corn, wheat, and several indices. It covers the period from 2006 to 2015 and is performed on daily data. Our thesis enlarges existing literature on comovement between natural gas with other energy commodities and stocks using wavelet coherence - a methodology which allows analyzing comovement among assets not only from a time series perspective but also over different frequencies. Financialization of natural gas and its involvement in investment portfolios under changing conditions on the U.S. gas market provide space for examination of gas proper correlation estimates in respect to other financial assets. Our results reveal natural gas comovement behaviour with examined commodities during the Financial Crisis. They show gradual decoupling between gas and crude oil prices in time. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to address natural gas using wavelet coherence in connection to agricultural commodities corn and wheat. These commodities together with natural gas are primary sources for bioethanol production being used in...

As a part of international economic relations, development cooperation is a relatively new issue area of the Czech foreign policy. In spite of the strong Czechoslovak cooperation with the pro-socialist Third World countries during the Cold War, the country quickly abandoned delegitimized development activities only to restart them in the mid-1990s. This time, the policy was induced mostly externally by the international and EU commitments to provide aid to developing countries. Building on James Ferguson's concept of 'anti-politics machine' and the Bourdieusian concept of illusio, this dissertation argues that (i) the apparatus of the Czech development cooperation deals with development as a technical matter and leads to the depoliticization of the Czech relations with the South; and (ii) the low public awareness of the policy and the dependence of the civil society on government funding tones down their criticism and facilitates the use of the policy for the particular interests of the Czech implementers instead of contributing to poverty reduction in the South. The second chapter justifies the interdisciplinary approach adopted in the dissertation. It argues that in the same way as multidimensional poverty cannot be reduced to mere income, a holistic analysis of development cooperation must extend beyond the neoclassical economic approach and include social, cultural, political and environmental aspects of development. The third and fourth chapters analyze accordingly the discourses (historical and legal sources, political and social context, government strategies) and practices (content of bilateral cooperation, its effectiveness, actors and interrelations between them) of the Czech development cooperation. The following chapters extend from the narrow topic of development cooperation to gender as a cross-cutting issue and further to the problem of policy coherence. While gender has gained serious credit on the international development research and policy agenda, it is reflected in policy and operational documents only formally, making bilateral cooperation projects gender blind, and hence detrimental to women. Finally, the Czech discourses and practices of the formally institutionalized policy coherence for development are analyzed in cases studies on migration, trade and agriculture. The chapter argues that slight changes in other government policies may have greater impact on developing countries than any substantial reforms of development cooperation. Overall, the dissertation advocates for a repoliticization of the development agenda and its return to the public space. So far, it was mostly the European Union funding that incited the civil society to raise new policy issues and question the effectiveness of the Czech development cooperation in reducing global poverty, but it is crucial to involve political parties, civil society at large, media and academia in the process as well. An annex lists a range of detailed policy recommendations for development cooperation generally, in particular its gender dimension, and its coherence with the Czech migration, agriculture and trade policies.

The process of photosynthesis begins with a capture of sunlight and its quick conversion into the chemical energy. Both these primary processes take place in a specially designed photosynthetic apparatus that is present in cells of all photosynthetic organisms. In green sulfur bacteria the apparatus consists of a massive light-harvesting antenna (chlorosome), intermediate antennas (baseplate complex and FMO proteins) and of the reaction center, where the conversion into the chemical energy occurs. The energy flow through the apparatus can be monitored by time-resolved spectroscopy techniques. Coherent two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) in one of such techniques, which combines high temporal and spectral resolution, and therefore it is especially well suited for studying multichromophoric systems such as photosynthetic apparatus. This thesis describes the principles of the 2DES technique and outlines the basic facts about the photosynthetic apparatus of green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum. Finally, it summarizes the investigation of the photosynthetic machinery using 2DES. Results presented in this thesis provide new insights into the exciton diffusion and vibrational coherences within chlorosomes, excitonic structure of the baseplate and the overall energy flow through the entire...

The thesis deals with EEG signals, their description, methods of quantitative analysis and the processes in time-frequency domains, or power spectrums. The relationsheep between brain electrical activity and acustic stimuli (Mozart´s “Sonata K448”) was studied using EEG analysis in relation to sound impulses from replayed extracts of. The proposed experiment protocol included recording of EEG of volunteers. In order to visualize and analyze the data, the software with the graphic user interface was created, which enables topological mapping of brain activity and its vizualization in the time-frequency domain.