<p>Betyg 190604</p>

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<p>Betyg 190114.</p>

Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur två kommuner i Sverige arbetar mot den socioekonomiska bostadssegregationen. Under problemformuleringen framkommer det att bostadssegregationen är en problematik som blir allt mer tydlig i samhället men att kommuner har makt att påverka detta genom sin planering. Utifrån detta formulerades frågeställningarna:   Hur definierar kommunerna ordet segregation? Hur ser variationerna ut i kommunernas arbete ut för att motverka den socioekonomiska bostadssegregationen?   Den tidigare forskning som nämns i studien visar på att kommuner ofta fokuserar på integration i utsatta områden, men att det egentligen är hela staden som bidrar till segregationen. Lösningar på problematiken sägs vara att blanda boendeformer och skapa mötesplatser i kommunen, vilket även är lösningar som nämns av kommunerna.   För att nå studiens syfte genomfördes kvalitativa intervjuer som visar på att kommunerna uppfattar segregation på olika sätt. Hur de väljer att arbeta med frågan i deras planering framgår i resultatdelen och avslutningsvis jämförs kommunernas arbete mot varandra.

For many families and individuals, the car is an obvious part of the daily life. This way of life has created some serious consequences related to the economy and environment both on a local and a global scale. Air pollution, traffic congestion and noise pollution are some of the more common results. This means that we have to change our way of thinking when it comes to car usage. Ideas like public transport, car tolls and developed bike lanes are all part of the solution, but the concept we decided to bring to the light is car sharing. This concept is relatively unknown to the public, even though it has been around since the seventies. This essay aims to explore why the concept is unknown and what can make the public change its view on car usage and car ownership. The theory is made up of five parts, where the first part explores the growth of the car industry in Sweden and the negative impacts of the vehicle based society. The second part explores the concept of sharing economy. How car sharing is a part of that and what new difficulties and obstacles the sharing economy brings. The third part explores the ecological and economical implications of car sharing and how it can affect the individual. The fourth part explores studies done on the concept of car sharing, comparing international results with ones made by Swedish agencies. The fifth part is about marketing methods of car sharing agencies and what the future holds in store for these companies. The empirical material consists of two parts, the first one is a poll for car users, where we wish to explore their knowledge and view of car sharing. The second part consists of an interview with Fredrik Hoppstadius, employed at Karlstad University with a PhD in Cultural Geography. This study concludes that the public’s increasing ecological and economical concerns might benefit the concept of car sharing and the sharing economy as a whole. The sharing economy gives incentive for the population to try new alternatives to the more common idea of ownership. However, most of these solutions are still in the early stages and the safety concerns are still a big holdback for more users. The marketing perspective of car sharing businesses has to evolve in order for people to gain awareness and more information on the concept of car sharing.

This is a case study of the energy efficiency project GrowSmarter and its social impact in Årsta,Stockholm. Solutions for energy efficient mobility, infrastructure and housing have beenimplemented in Stockholm, Barcelona and Cologne. The project is now in the evaluation phaseand this thesis is one part of assessing the social impacts. Qualitative methods, complemented bysurvey results, have mainly been used with the ambition to capture a complex understanding of thecase. Using qualitative methods to assess social issues make it possible to capture attitudes andknowledge of affected stakeholders, i.e. tenants. Thus, in-depth interviews has been used in orderto highlight their perspective. The project’s implemented measures affect the quality of life for thestakeholders. To operationalise the concept of quality of life in relation to GrowSmarter with focuson tenants, I have chosen the following categories as important; behaviour, attitude, participation,sense of belonging/trust, health, economy, climate/environment, engagement. The categories arenot ranked by importance for social sustainability or a good quality of life, but are in different waysfactors that are relevant for assessing social sustainability within this case. Furthermore, thepossibility for affected stakeholders (e.g. residents, travellers, workers) to participate during theplanning process (i.e. before, during and after implementation) is key, as inclusion of citizens inplanning and decision making is an important aspect of social sustainability. Hopefully this thesiswill contribute to the field of planning by providing insights on the local context and socialimpacts of planning and implementing GrowSmarter in Stockholm. The thesis suggest ways toadapt these insights to other cities or places. Key learnings from this case is that if the aim is toinclude social issues in sustainability projects, then the affected stakeholders need to be includedearly in the project process, and be kept included in different ways through planning,implementation and evaluation phases. In addition, behavioural change takes time and requiresome kind of motivation, from within an individual (e.g. concerns about environmental andjustice issues) or a governance perspective (e.g. changed laws and regulations that support andencourage behavioural change). Furthermore, it could benefit from economic incentives such assanctions or subsidies.