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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Individual stress among nurses in training

Lindop, Edward January 1996 (has links)
No description available.
12

The informal sector and youth unemployment : prospects for labour absorption in Zambia

Mandela, Mabel January 1990 (has links)
The thesis discusses characteristics of youth unemployment in Zambia and the prospects of absorption of youth labour in the urban informal sector. This is done on the basis of both primary survey and secondary sources. The informal sector given the right support has the potential to generate economic growth. Unemployment is severe among the youth who are newcomers to the labour market. The problem of labour absorption in Zambia is investigated especially since the fall in copper prices and structural adjustment which has not created jobs. A combination of inadequacies of domestic policies and international recession have certainly contributed to the economic decline. The government mismanaged the initial copper boom. The country has relied on a single export commodity, copper. The employment problem has to be crucial in the context of a dual economy. Many variants e.g. population growth, rural urban migration and the paper qualification syndrome explain the supply of labour. The population is skewed in favour of the youth and most migrants are educated in search of an urban job. This helps to explain the high unemployment rate among the youth. The thesis concentrates on formal and informal sectors as evidence of dualism. Formal sector prospects are limited for well known reasons e.g. shortages of resources, fall in copper prices, price distortions, import substitution policies, development patterns and capital intensive technology which restrict employment potential. On the other hand, the informal sector which is labour intensive appear to have employment potential. Lack of minimal skill and capital among the youth, which are prerequisite in the informal sector act entry as barriers. This is in particular substantiated in the thesis on labour demand. The youth's views towards the informal appear to be negative. The mismatch between the youth's education and expectations explain this attitude. The possession of a school certificate raises expectations which make youngsters withhold their labour during their first job search. The youth desire white collar employment. The approach adopted is qualitative rather than quantitative because of nature and limitation of data. For instance, unemployment is not without statistical and definitional problems.
13

Digital telecommunications technology and the Third World : The theory, the challenge, and the evidence from Brazil

Hobday, M. January 1986 (has links)
During the 1970s the rapid diffusion of microelectronic technology profoundly and irrevocably altered the international telecommunications (TC) industry. Competition between the major corporations increased dramatically, and the industry began a process of restructuring around the new technology. Digital techniques brought about the merger of TC technology with computing technology, giving rise to a new range of services and products collectively known as the information fechnology (IT) industries. Very little investigation into the impact of these changes on the Third World has yet been undertaken. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to explore the economic and technological impact of these changes on one major developing country - Brazil. Part 1 begins by reviewing the current theoretical approaches to technology diffusion and the developing countries, and proposes an amalgamation of two, traditionally separate areas of analysis. By combining the empirical and analytical insights of the 'learning' school, with the neo technology 'diffusion' approach, a conceptual framework for the study is proposed. Using the neo technology perspective, Part 2 analyses the technological and industrial upheavals which currently beset the international TC industry. A set of preliminary arguments are offered regarding the prospects facing Third world countries, both from the point of view of installing modern TC :facilities, and from the perspective of locally manufacturing and developing microelectronic systems. Part 3 examines Brazil's attempt to absorb and diffuse digital TC technology. In the mid 1970s the government introduced a deliberate policy of expanding the domestic TC infrastructure, and building up local technological capabilities. measures were introduced to set up a national R&D facility in digital TC, and a strong effort was made to reduce Brazil's dependence on the multinational corporations as well as to foster the development of indigenous industry. In each of these areas economic and technological indicators of Brazil's performance are presented and analysed, both in the light of the stated policy objectives of the government, and in the broader context of microelectronic diffusion and the developing countries. During the empirical research an effort is made to explore the nature of the accumulation process with digital, information technology, by contrasting this new technological form with previous, electromechanical forms of TC. Using the theoretical concepts developed in Part one, the mechanisms by which Brazil acquired and diffused the technology during the learning process are analysed. By these means the study tries to isolate the ways in which digital technology was accumulated at the levels of R&D, firm, sector, government and macroeconomy. While it is recognised that Brazil is a unusual case among the developing countries, special attention is payed to possible issues of relevance to other Third World nations. In terms of technology policy, it is hoped that Brazil's achievements in managing the technology gap will prove useful to other developing nations currently attempting to efficiently absorb the new technology, and avoid the dangers of a widening technology gap.
14

The acquisition of technology, technological capability and technical change : A study of the textile industry in Tanzania

Mlawa, Hasa Mfaume January 1983 (has links)
This is a case-study of technological development in, and of technology policy for, industry in one developing country - Tanzania. It focusses on the details of technology policy at the level of a particular sector - cotton textiles. It attempts to encompass a range of related policy problems which are usually examined separately: technology transfer, technical efficiency in production, and the development of technological skills and expertise. It examines these issues in the context of the evolution of the sector from its origins in the mid-1960s to 1980, with particular emphasis on the 1970s. The cotton textile sector has been identified as a leading sector in Tanzanian industrial development from the time of the earnest development plans in the post-independence period. However, policy proposals and development plans have consistently failed to give any explicit attention to the technological dimension of the industrys expansion. Nor have they indicated how that dimension may be linked to other stated longer term objectives in the economy (e.g. development of a capital goods-sector etc.). At the same tima broad development strategies (e.g. about self-reliance) were never articulated in a way which encompassed issues about technology. The thesis focusses on two aspects of the development of the sector in the context of this technology policy "vacuum". First, through a series of major investment projects over nearly twenty years, the sector remained totally dependent on imported engineering services, 'capital-embodied' technology and techno-managerial services. There was no evidence of any progressive 'learning' to supply these kinds of technological input for investment. The thesis suggests that considerable costs were incurred as a result of this failure to make any movement at all towards technological 'self-reliance'. Second, over seven years (i.e. 1973-1979) all aspects of technical and economic efficiency in the industry consistently declined. Contrary to common expectations about 'infant' industries there was no 'learning' in on going production - only substantial 'unlearning'. Finally, the thesis suggests that these two costly patterns of technological stagnation and regression were linked, and resulted in large part from the failure to incorporate concerns about 'technology policy' in the process of policy formulation and development planning - in particular from the failure to make significant investment in 'technological capacity' for the sector. It suggests that the returns to such investment would probably have been very high. The thesis outlines implications for policy in this and similar sectors, together with the need for future research and analysis.
15

The changing character of industrial relations institutions and employment status : an evaluation of Whitleyism in the Civil Service

Prowse, Peter John January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
16

Industrial relations in the Nigerian textile industry

Bature, R. R. January 1983 (has links)
This thesis examines changes in industrial relations in the Nigerian textile industry after the 1976 Labour Act. It starts by a brief examination of the existing literature on industrial relations in Nigeria generally, and the textile industry in particular. It moves on to examine the textile industry in the context of the Nigerian economy as a whole. It goes on to examine the development of labour/management relationships in the early years of employment in the industry and more importantly, the contemporary system of industrial relations in the industry. It compares the past and present system of industrial relations in the Nigerian industry with the systems that obtain in other textile industries in the developed (such as the ones in the textile industries in Great Britain, France, West Germany, Italy, America, etc. ) and developing (such as the ones in the textile industries in India, Pakistan, Tanzania, Uganda, Morocco, etc.) countries. The thesis crucially enables us to understand in more detail the system of industrial relations that used to, and now exist, in the Nigerian industrial scene and how the system actually operates at, the level of the workplace. We would discover in this thesis that during the early years of employment in the industry (from 1959) until 1976, the industrial relations system was, to a small extent, akin to the system that obtains in the United Kingdom. However, it was characterised by constant and uninvited government interventions; very weak house unions; an absence of free collective bargaining and thus the arbitrary setting of wages and conditions of service by employers and the frequent engagement in strikes and wild-cat strikes by employees. This early system corresponds closely with that described in the published literature on the Nigerian system of industrial relations. However, after 1976, the textile industry would appear to have adopted a system of industrial relations which is a unique combination of the characteristics of the British and West German systems of industrial relations. Employees in the industry belong to one trade union organisation - the National Union of Textile, Garment and Tailoring Workers of Nigeria - which basically resembles the West German trade union structure; while the introduction of voluntarism; free collective bargaining, and the use of shop stewards (to mention just a few characteristics) are basically similar to those of the British system of industrial relations. We have concluded that the hypotheses have been substantiated - the Nigerian industrial relations system has undergone substantial changes and that the practicalities of the system have produced a model somewhat different from that which we might have expected from a mere examination of the literature. Our fieldwork-based approach being instrumental in disclosing the existence of the role of the Nigerian shop stewards. Lastly, we propose that the contemporary system of industrial relations in this industry should be sustained because of its propensity for peaceful union/management relationships and, indeed, the industry's growth. We note that the contemporary system is, however, beset by a number of problems to which we draw attention.
17

Gender and occupation : discourses on gender, work and equal opportunities in a college of technology

Henwood, Felicity Jane January 1991 (has links)
The thesis Is Intended to make a contribution towards the development of a new theoretical framework for understanding gender and occupational choice as It relates to both traditional and non-traditional choices. The research arose out of a need to develop more effective Interventionist strategies around gender. work and equal opportunities In the context of the recent. largely unsuccessful. attempts to encourage more women Into the fields of science. technology and engineering. Existing theoretical frameworks for understanding both occupational choice. and women in engineering and non-traditional fields. rely heavi lyon the individual-society dualism: emphasising either individual choice or structural determination. Neither are able to offer adequate explanations either for the paucity of women In non-traditional fields or for women who do make nontraditional choices. Based In a college of technology. the research focuses on two courses which. In terms of numbers at least. could be said to be 'gendered'- the Diploma for Personal Assistants and the HND In Software Engineering. Using ethnographic research techniques Including participant observation and In-depth Interviewing of key actors In the col lege. a range of perspectives and practices concerning gender. work and equal opportunities. are Identified. The analysis of the data suggests that occupational choice Is neither a static event nor a clear-cut process but one Involving change over time and in relation to experience. as wei I as considerable contradiction and conflict for the Individuals concerned. By drawing on theories of discourse and subjectivity In the poststructural 1st tradition. this thesis begins to develop a new theoretical framework that moves beyond the dualism found In existing theories of gender and occupation. In particular. It brings back Into view 'women's agency' In a way that does not rely on the notion of 'free choice' and which highlights the cultural nature of both femininity and masculinity. This is achieved by Identifying the ways In which both women's and men's subjectlvltles are constituted In discourse and are the outcome of their negotiations with conflicting discourses on Questions of gender. work and equal opportunities.
18

Manpower, labour market and wage development : the case of Jordan

Al-Akel, Mohammed A. Hadi January 1985 (has links)
This thesis examines the Jordanian case concerning the importance of manpower resources in general, and the issue of manpower migration in particular in a developing economy characterised by a lack of natural resources. It focuses its investigation on the kind of economy with manpower shortages that interacts in the labour market and influences the process of wage development and the magnitude of wage differentials for various groups of manpower and across various sectors of employment. The thesis is firmly based on data gathered by a special survey conducted in Jordan and covered various governmental and non-governmental establishments operating in the domestic economy throughout the period 1970 to 1983. The findings of this thesis showed that manpower emigration and the shortages it caused has stimulated pressure for higher wages, and yielded a more pragmstic system ef industrial relations showed by the remarkable response it generates from employers, unions and the state towards collective bargaining; thus cooperation rather than confrontation becomes the main feature of Jordan's current system of industrial relations. On the other hand, emigrants remittances represent a major source of foreign exchange and proved to be of adequate importance to Jordan. It was also confirmed that wage structure in the Jordanian economy is closely tied to educational attainment with regard to major specialisation. With regard to wage development, it was found that while money wages increased rapidly, real wages for various groups of manpower and across various sectors of employment declined for new entrants to the labour market throughout the period under review; whereas, real wages for those on-the-job have generally improved. For both new entrants and those on-the-job, private to public sector wage differential widened. It was also shown that there was a tendency for narrowing wage differential between the professionals vis-a-vis other groups of manpower. The narrowing of differential proceeded faster for those on-the-job compared to the new entrants to the labour market. It also proceeded faster in the public sector compared to other sectors of employment. Finally, hiring procedures, labour turnover and other conditions of employment are also discussed. A consideration of these findings prompted thoughts of various policy measures that are of adequate importance to Jordan at this stage of development.
19

Technical change and employment in the British printing industry

Haywood, B. W. January 1985 (has links)
This thesis examines the impact of technical change on employment in the British printing industry. within this overall objective .one of the main purposes is to investigate the attitudes of employers, employees, and equipment suppliers to the introduction of new technology. The research was carried out by a comprehensive literature survey in relation to: international trade, employment, and competitiveness; technical change and industrial relations; management attitudes/behaviour in relation to innovation; and management qualifications. And by in-depth interviews with representatives from the three groups. Much research on the National Newspaper sector in the past has been applied to the whole of printing despite the fact that the unit size of that sector is considerably greater than the rest of the industry; and that· less than 10% of those working in the industry work in the National Newspaper sector. Little research has been done on other areas of the industry. This research is primarily concerned with these other sectors, and the attitudes and behaviour of those working there with regard to technical change. This research has found the analogy with the newspaper industry is misplaced, a substantial majority of employees viewing the introduction of new technology as desirable and vital to maintaining and/or improving competitiveness. The problem as they see it is how this is achieved. In common with other post-war industrial studies on management attitudes and behaviour with regards to innovation and investment, this industry was also found to be generally conservative and short-term in its planning and organisational methods. British manufacturers of printing press and post-press equipment were generally found to-be lacking in innovation and long-term developmental strategies, though British companies pre-press, were found to be at least as R&D intensive and innovative as their overseas competitors.
20

Equal pay legislation and the structuring of gender inequality in labour markets

Jarman, Jennifer January 1991 (has links)
No description available.

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