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<p> The Hawke River Terrane of the Grenville Province in eastern Labrador is dominated by a coronitic gabbronorite to anorthosite body plus associated amphibolitic to granodioritic bodies known as the White Bear Arm Complex (WBAC). Petrographic and geochemical evidence supports a constant volume sub-solidus diffusion origin for double coronas of orthopyroxene and amphibole around olivine. Geochemical evidence suggests that corona formation was not completely isochemical, requiring an influx of potassium, iron and magnesium, but on a whole-rock scale was probably closed to the latter two elements. Nd and Sr isotopic evidence indicates that the coronas did not form as a response to a much later (eg. Grenville aged) metamorphic event, and probably. developed during post-crystallisational cooling or during a metamorphism shortly thereafter. </p> <p> The WBAC is cut by a monzonitic to granodioritic body mineralogically and chemically similar to the WBAC 'monzonite', known as the Paradise Arm Pluton (PAP). Petrographic, geochemical, and field relationship evidence indicates an igneous origin for the PAP and the WBAC monzonite. Both of these units have been subjected to low grade (greenschist facies) metamorphism. The WBAC and the PAP are hosted by the Paradise Metasedimentary Gneiss Belt, an aluminous paragneiss which has been raised to middle to upper amphibolite grade metamorphism, except immediately adjacent to the contact with the WBAC, where granulite grade has been obtained, forming high-temperature aluminosilicates such as osumilite and sapphirine. The contact zone has also been contaminated by fluids from the gabbronorites, reflected by petrography, elemental and isotopic geochemistry. </p> <p> Field relationships and geochemistry are ambiguous regarding whether the monzonitic units were derived by fractional crystallisation of the gabbronorite or partial melting of the paragneisses, but trace element variation favours the latter model. The PAP is a product of physical, geochemical and Sr isotopic mixing between a granodioritic end-member and a paragneissic one. </p> <p> Sm-Nd isotope systematics on whole-rocks do not provide a precise emplacement age for the WBAC gabbronorite, but indicate a Labradorian age (ca. 1.65 Ga old). Rb-Sr wholerock systematics show a Labradorian-aged trend and a steeply sloping trend interpreted as a mixing line with an unspecified crustal component, possibly corresponding to the potassium metasomatism indicated earlier. Rb-Sr on minerals from two rocks produces a precise age of 1675 ± 15 Ma and a similar, imprecise age. </p> <p> The WBAC monzonite and the Paradise Arm Pluton give Rb-Sr ages of 1621 ± 11 Ma CMSWD=24) and 1573 % 18 Ma (MSWD=9) respectively, with low initial 87Sr/ 86Sr ratios around 0.7040. These are interpreted as a minimum emplacement age and a mixing line, respectively. The PMGB paragneisses give a Rb-Sr age of 1630 ± 16 Ma CMSWD=35), with an initial 87Sr/ 86Sr composition around 0.704. All ages are equal within expanded 2σ error of each other (ie. MSWD=1), and give Labradorian ages. There is no evidence of Grenville-aged (ca. 1.0 Ga old) metamorphism. </p> <p> Rb-Sr isotopic and E Nd -E Br variations suggest crustal contamination of the gabbronorites, although the contaminant cannot be identified. Two separate mechanisms are required to generate the observed trends: a fluid metasomatism and a bulk-rock crustal contamination, or else contamination by currently unidentified low Sr crustal material. The WBAC gabbronorites provide evidence for 'extra'-LREE-depleted mantle beneath eastern Labrador at 1.65 Ga, with E Nd of at least +7.6. </p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Cambridge, 1969.

Florence O'Neill (1905-1990) played an important role as an adult educator in Newfoundland. Using her extraordinary ability to lead others and her unrelenting energy she dedicated her adult life to the field of adult education. O'Neill, in 1944, was the first person to earn a doctoral degree in adult education in what is now Canada. Later, as an administrator in the Department of Adult Education in the Newfoundland government, O'Neill sought to implement her vision of an integrated system for providing adult education programs to the people of Newfoundland. She developed that vision through the writing of her doctoral thesis entitled: "A Plan for the Development of an Adult Education Program for Rural Newfoundland." O'Neill's personal struggle to become educated and later her struggles to see her "Plan" implemented adds to the body of knowledge about adult education in Newfoundland at an embryonic time in its development and to the knowledge of the field of adult education in general.

Knowledge-based businesses (KBBs) have the potential to make a significant contribution to peripheral regions with marginal economies, such as Newfoundland and Labrador. However, traditional lending approaches generally emphasize tangible collateral and historical performance. As a result, new knowledge-based firms, whose assets are primarily intangible, experience difficulty with access to financing. Financial institutions have responded by implementing specialized approaches to address the needs of KBBs. This exploratory study is designed to increase our understanding of institutional lending to KBBs, particularly at the start-up stage. Following a review of the literature a research framework was developed to explore the demand-side perspectives of entrepreneurs and the supply-side perspectives of lending institutions. A mail survey to entrepreneurs was employed to determine the roles played by chartered banks and government agencies in financing KBBs and to ascertain entrepreneurs' perceptions of financial institutions. Results indicate KBBs experience greater difficulty obtaining financing from chartered banks. Further, KBBs perceive banks to follow traditional risk assessment processes, emphasizing collateral. Findings suggest efforts by banks to cater to KBBs have been less than successful. Supply-side data were obtained from interviews with senior managers in banks and government agencies and from business plan reviews and follow-up interviews with account managers. Simultaneous verbal protocols were used to examine risk assessment processes in six banks and four government agencies. Hypothetical business proposals were presented to account mangers for initial review and subsequent due diligence. Data obtained at two stages of assessment were analyzed using consensus analysis, multidimensional scaling, hierarchical clustering, and standard multivariate techniques. Findings confirm chartered banks have establishcd specialized approaches to deal with KBBs. However, there is no evidence to indicate any differential effects on KBBs as a result of identified organizational variables. There is evidence among specialized account managers of differences in risk assessment of KBBs and of a common lending culture that reflects the needs of KBBs. Evidence of a common lending culture is also evident among traditional bankers and among government agencies that share an economic development mandate. Findings also confirm chartered banks are more concerned with financial aspects of the proposed ventures and perceived higher levels of risk than government account managers. Overall, findings provide important insights into institutional lending and have significant implications for theory, management practice and public policy. This study is one of very few to explore lending and borrowing from the perspective of KBBs and from the perspective of government agencies. Study validity is enhanced considerably by reviewing lending decisions in context and with reference to specific proposals. The use of cultural consensus theory to examine loan evaluation and risk assessment represents a significant contribution to understanding theory on lending to KBBs. Lending practices of chartered banks, while evolving to meet the needs of KBBs, have not met expectations and may need to be reexamined. Entrepreneurs in KBBs are advised to seek out KBB specialists to enhance the likelihood of obtaining financing. Government should take steps to ensure expertise is available to deal with KBBs and to encourage financial institutions, especially banks, to extend efforts to provide specialized assistance to the KBB sector. Finally, additional research is needed to confirm findings from this study and to increase their generalizability.

Currents and sea level fluctuations in the Avalon Channel, driven over a broad range of time scales by buoyancy forces, atmospheric pressure, and wind stress, are described and compared with dynamical theory. / Seasonal fluctuations in adjusted coastal sea level at St. John's are shown to be consistent with steric height and bottom pressure variations 3 km offshore in a depth of 180 m. / Low frequency fluctuations (periods of 7-50 d) in observed Avalon Channel currents and water properties suggest the presence of a baroclinically-unstable, buoyancy-driven coastal current. A kinematic analysis of the current fluctuations reveals an eddy structure resembling that predicted for baroclinically-unstable waves on a longshore current with the density stratification and vertical shear observed in the fall. / Cross-spectral analysis of St. John's sea level and meteorological records, and Avalon Channel steric height estimates, shows that sea level responds isostatically to atmospheric pressure forcing at periods longer than 2 days, and to seasonal changes in steric height. Adjusted sea level responds 180 degrees out-of-phase to forcing by longshore wind stress at periods longer than 2 days. Longshore current responds in-phase to longshore wind stress forcing, with surface intensification of the response close to shore. / Frequency response functions are derived from the shallow water equations of motion for the response of sea level and current to atmospheric pressure and wind stress forcing in homogeneous and two-layer, uniform-depth coastal ocean models, and in a homogeneous, step-shelf model. Linear bottom friction is assumed in the homogeneous ocean models. The phases of the observed sea level and current responses to wind stress suggest that the response is due to the existence of continental shelf waves originating at the northern edge of the Grand Banks, about 150 km away from the study site. The near-shore surface intensification of the current and sea level responses are consistent with the predictions of the two-layer uniform-depth model.

In supporting the projection of bed requirements for Newfoundland to 1986, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify small area population projection methods and bed prediction models. A bed prediction model was developed for this study. For each health region, projected morbidity for diagnostic (bed) clusters was calculated by: projecting the age-sex population; holding 1976 age-sex cluster morbidity patterns and length of stay constant; projecting the base and flow referral morbidity patterns of four health regions and finally the projected morbidity patterns were combined and translated into beds and adjusted for occupancy. The population projection method was the Short Ratio. The diagnostic clusters were medical-surgical, obstetrical, pediatrics and psychiatry. The prediction of beds utilizing this model was compared with a bed to population rate method. It was demonstrated that bed requirements do change in respect of age-sex population changes. The requirements are stated for each region. This study suggests that the model used for bed and population projections are useful planning tools in Newfoundland because of ease in use. The elemental problem of supplying a population data base for each hospital district by age and sex was solved and is expected to be extremely useful in years to come. The usefulness will come from an evaluation of these methods and their acceptance as first steps in the planning process. / Medicine, Faculty of / Population and Public Health (SPPH), School of / Graduate

Florence O'Neill (1905-1990) played an important role as an adult educator in Newfoundland. Using her extraordinary ability to lead others and her unrelenting energy she dedicated her adult life to the field of adult education. O'Neill, in 1944, was the first person to earn a doctoral degree in adult education in what is now Canada. Later, as an administrator in the Department of Adult Education in the Newfoundland government, O'Neill sought to implement her vision of an integrated system for providing adult education programs to the people of Newfoundland. She developed that vision through the writing of her doctoral thesis entitled: "A Plan for the Development of an Adult Education Program for Rural Newfoundland." O'Neill's personal struggle to become educated and later her struggles to see her "Plan" implemented adds to the body of knowledge about adult education in Newfoundland at an embryonic time in its development and to the knowledge of the field of adult education in general. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Physical Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2010. / "June 2010." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-159). / The Labrador Sea, as one of a few places of deep water formation, plays an important role in the Meridional Overturning Circulation. While the interior of the Labrador Sea, where the deepest convection takes place, is known to experience variability on time scales ranging from days to decades, little is known about the variability of the other components of the Labrador Sea circulation - the boundary current system and the eddies that connect it with the interior. Using various types of in situ data combined with the surface flux and satellite altimetry data products, I studied the variability of both the boundary current system and the eddies on different time scales as well as their influence on the post-convective re-stratification of the Labrador Sea interior. The analysis presented in the thesis supports the result of the previous theoretical studies that argue that lateral fluxes, driven by the boundary current/interior gradients, play an important role in the post-convective restratification of the Labrador Sea. I found that both components of the boundary current, the surface West Greenland Current and the subsurface Irminger Current, have a strong seasonal cycle. In the spring both the West Greenland and Irminger Currents are colder and fresher than in the fall. However, the West Greenland Current is faster and thicker in the spring while the Irminger Current is the fastest and thickest in the fall. My analysis suggests that the observed seasonal changes in the velocity are primarily due to the baroclinic component of the current while the barotropic component remains nearly unchanged. The Subpolar Gyre, and the Labrador Sea in particular, have experienced a decline in the circulation accompanied by the warming of the water column over the last decades. I found that a similar trend is seen in the West Greenland Current system which slowed down from 1992 to 2004, primarily due to a decrease in the barotropic flow. At the same time, the subsurface Irminger Current has become warmer, saltier, and lighter, something that is also reflected in the properties of the eddies. Two years exhibited pronounced anomalies: in 1997 and 2003 the velocity, temperature and salinity of the Irminger Current abruptly increase with respect to the overall trend. Finally, I discuss the impacts of the boundary current changes on the lateral fluxes that are responsible for the restratification of the Labrador Sea and the properties of the interior. / by Tatiana Rykova. / Ph.D.