Some conceptions by Bowen regarding the processes apparently involved in the formation of ultra-basic lamprophyres have been applied to observations made on reaction-rims in the rocks of this thesis. An attempt has been made to find, in the reaction-rims surrounding basic minerals, phenomena that might indicate that reactions took place, during the time the rock was forming, between the basic minerals and an alkaline liquid. No conclusive evidence of such reactions was found but the suggestion is made that there is an unusually great development of reaction rims, especially in the more basic lamprophyres, that may be due to the effect of an alkaline liquid. Another theory by Bowen, dealing with the possible origin of ore-bearing solutions, has been amplified to present possible reasons for a close relation between lamprophyres and ore. On the more practical side, a petrographic study of lamprophyres and associated ore has revealed an intra-mineralization age for lamprophyres whose field relations do not conclusively indicate contemporaneity with ore. A compilation from the literature, of facts pertaining to most of the lamprophyre occurrences in British Columbia, has provided interesting statistics on the geographical and geological distribution of lamprophyres, and on their relations to different types of ore. The majority of lamprophyres occur in the Rossland-Ymir-Nelson-Slocan belt, near the eastern contact of the Nelson series of batholiths, while most of the remainder are confined to the eastern contact of the Coast Range batholith. The lamprophyres of the Nelson batholith region are associated with ores which, in the Rossland, Salmo, Ymir and Nelson areas are almost half of the Pb, Zn, Ag type and in the Ainsworth-Slocan districts, entirely of the Pb, Zn, Ag type. It is in the Ainsworth-Slocan districts furthermore, that lamprophyres are perhaps most densely concentrated and show the closest time relation to ore. The lamprophyres along the east-side of the Coast Range batholith provide most of the evidence indicating that post-ore lamprophyres are predominantly associated with ores containing Au and Cu. The conclusion seems inescapable that lamprophyres are concentrated in the two most intensely mineralized zones of the province. Furthermore, a marked affinity is shown by lamprophyres for those areas in which Pb, Zn, Ag mineralization either is prominent or, at least, is present along with other metals. These statistical facts suggest that the relation between ore and lamprophyres is not purely one of chance and they arouse our curiosity as to what reasons may exist for such a relationship. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2005. / Titre de l'écran-titre (visionné le 28 septembre 2005). Bibliogr.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph.D.) - Carleton University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 339-372). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

The Iron and Manitou Islands complexes are 560 m.y. old. They were associated with a magma chamber lying at moderate depth below these complexes, On a regional scale the emplacement is controlled by the Nipissing graben system, an extension of the St. Lawrence rift system, along which an alkaline igneous province, 560 m.y. old, is well developed. A variety of rock types is developed in these complexes in spite of their small size. This is a result of extensive differentiation, interaction of late fractions with already crystallized early fractions, interaction of a "fluid phase" with country rocks, partial melting of country rocks, and finally various late hydrothermal alterations. The high degree of differentiation is probably a consequence of the high amount of volatile components in the magma which lowers its viscosity, extends its crystallization range, and consequently enhances fractional crystallization. In addition, liquid immiscibility played an important role in the differentiation. During differentiation the pyroxenes changed in composition from Ca-rich varieties through aegirine-augite to acmite, There is no evidence of an immiscibility gap between Ca-rich and Na-rich pyroxenes as has been proposed by Aoki (1964) but criticized by later investigators, Members of the phlogopite-biotite solid solution series exhibit a compositional range from annite-12 to annite-63. The characteristic assemblage melilite; Ca-rich pyroxene, and olivine (partially or completely replaced olivine phenocrysts) occurring in some lamprophyres indicates low silica activity, 10^(-1.6) to 10^(-1.2). However, the silica activity of the Lamprophyres is not restricted to the above range since the presence of sphene in some Lamprophyre dykes indicates silica activity above this range. The required condition of excess sodium silicate for the crystallization of acmite in synthetic melts seems to be required in nature too. Lamprophyres have a crystallization temperature of about 950°C. Fenitization of the country rocks takes place from relatively low temperature, probably 480°F, to about 740°C where partial melting of the rocks occur. The development of the graben system and the alkaline igneous activity are both believed to be related to devolatilization processes in the mantle. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Séries de diques máficos alcalinos fortemente a levemente insaturados em sílica ocorrem nas cercanias de Santo Antônio do Pinhal (SP) e Campos do Jordão (SP) na serra da Mantiqueira, SE Brasil. Estes intrudem o embasamento cristalino precambriano (Sul do Orógeno Brasília) e a intrusão máfica-ultramáfica alcalina Ponte Nova. As rochas alcalinas dessa região são cretáceas e compõem o magmatismo da província alcalina Serra do Mar (PASM). Em sua maioria, os diques são classificados como basaltos alcalinos e lamprófiros alcalinos. São porfiríticos, com a população de macrocristais formada principalmente por clinopiroxênio e olivina. Subordinadamente, macrocristais de kaersutita, sadanagaíta rica em titânio, e ocasionalmente, flogopita, enstatita, magnetita, espinélio e plagioclásio são registrados. Estes apresentam texturas de desequilíbrio, como sieve e embayment, que, associadas a estilos de zonamento complexo, indicam evolução magmática em sistema aberto. Este estudo envolve: (1) petrografia de detalhe por microscopia ótica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, (2) análises químicas pontuais, de elementos maiores e menores por microssonda eletrônica e de elementos-traço por espectrometria de massa com plasma acoplado indutivamente e amostrador por ablação a laser (LA-ICP-MS), em diferentes zonas dos macrocristais máficos, e (3) geoquímica de rocha-total por fluorescência de raios X e ICP-MS. Estas análises foram realizadas com vistas à determinação da gênese destas populações de cristais zonados. A partir das composições obtidas, balanços de massa foram realizados para excluir a influência dos macrocristais nas composições globais dos corpos e obter uma estimativa composicional dos líquidos magmáticos, representados pela matriz fina a afanítica nestas rochas. As zonas dos macrocristais em equilíbrio com os líquidos calculados foram determinadas por meio da constante de equilíbrio de troca catiônica de Mg e Fe entre cristal e líquido, KdFe2+ -Mg2+ C/L . Estas relações de equilíbrio permitiram atribuir significados genéticos as zonas dos cristais, definindo-os como xenocristais, antecristais e fenocristais. Os primeiros (em desequilíbrio textural e químico com o a matriz) foram capturados e/ou reciclados de ambientes magmáticos precoces à consolidação da rocha, permitindo acessar processos magmáticos passados durante a evolução do sistema magmático. Xenocristais mantélicos foram indentificados exclusivamente em diques da suíte fracamente insaturada em sílica. Macrocristais de olivina zonada com centros Fo>90 e textura embayment, encontram-se ao lado de macrocristais de clinopiroxênio zonado com centro de diopsídio com cromo incolor, anédrico, com zonamento concêntrico step normal. Estes centros de diopsídio com cromo apresentam mg# (Mg/Mg+FeT em proporção molecular) 88-87, alto Ni, baixo Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, Zn, Sc, Hf, Y, Zr, Sr e elementos terras raras (ETRs), compatíveis com peridotitos fáceis granada e granada-espinélio. Nessa mesma ocorrência, centros de macrocristais de piroxênio são classificados como enstatita (xenocristais) e apresenteam textura sieve, zonamento concêntrico step reverso, altos teores de MnO, Ni, Zn e muito baixos de ETRs. Quanto aos antecristais, cristais em desequilíbrio químico e textural com a matriz mas cogenéticos ao sistema magmático, os clinopiroxênios destacam-se nos diques fortemente insaturados em sílica. Os centros desses macrocristais são classificados como diopsídio (por vezes com cromo ou com sódio), augita, hedenbergita e egirina-augita. O diopsídio é incolor, subédrico, com textura glomeroporfirítica, sieve, zonamento setorial e concêntrico step reverso. Este centro antecristalino incolor apresenta alto mg# (83-80), Cr2O3, Ni, Sc, baixo Na2O, Zn e valores intermediários de Zr, Y, Hf e Sr, quando comparado aos demais antecristais. Centros verdes de augita e egirina-augita são encontrados nos diques de ambas as séries e apresentam textura embayment, sieve e zonamento concêntrico step. No geral os centros verdes tem baixo mg# (70-40), Cr2O3, alto MnO, Na2O, Zn, mas diferentes teores de MnO, Na2O, Li, Sc, Hf, Y, Zr, Sr e ETRs. Ti-augita, quimicamente classificada como diopsídio subsilícico com titânio, é euédrica, com textura glomeroporfirítica, zonamento concêntrico oscilatório e setorial e observada como borda em todos os macrocristais de clinopiroxênio, além de compor a matriz e agregados (textura glomeroporfirítica) com macrocristais subédricos de olivina (Fo<88). Estes dois últimos tipos, em desequilíbrio químico com a matriz hospedeira mas com texturas de cogeneticidade ao sistema magmático, são antecristais de um estágio magmático posterior a cristalização dos antecristais e captura dos xenocristais e em menor profundidade. Kaersutita euédrica a subédrica, com textura glomeroporfirítica, esquelética e zonamento concêntrico oscilatório é o cristal predominante nos lamprófiros alcalinos. Este também ocorre como macrocristal anédrico com textura sieve em alguns diques de olivina basalto. Nos anfibólios destaca-se o enriquecimento em Ba, Sr, Y, Nd, Zr e ETRs inversamente proporcional ao MgO. Flogopitas com titânio são observadas principalmente na matriz dos diques máficos alcalinos da Mantiqueira. Porém macrocristais são raros e observados com zonamento concêntrico step e setorial. Nos cristais de flogopita da matriz, ao aumento de vacância no plano octaédrico é proporcional as altas concentrações de Ti, Nb, Zr, Sr, Y e Li, quando comparado ao macrocristais. Os xenocristais de olivina e diopsídio com cromo, encontrados nos diques máficos da série fracamente insaturada em sílica, indicam incorporação de rocha encaixante mantélica e/ou da fonte. Já os magmas máficos fortemente insaturados em sílica se mostraram híbridos, a partir de modelagem com elementos-traço, entre a mistura de líquidos alcalinos máficos e félsicos, responsáveis por cristalizar em estágios precoces, os antecristais de clinopiroxênio nos diques. Um estágio em menor profundidade é indicado pela presença em todos os diques de fenocristais e antecristais de Ti-augita como borda, macrocristal isolado ou com textura glomeroporfirítica, cristal na matriz, sendo, por vezes, associado a olivina e anfibólio. Esta diversidade de macrocristais pode ser explicada pelo modelo complex plumbing system, onde a interconexão entre diferentes magmas, ao longo de distintos estágios com diversas encaixantes, sob profundidades diferentes da litosfera, se mostra eficiente na produção das feições petrográficas e químicas destas rochas por meio dos processos de mistura de magmas e incorporação da rocha encaixante durante a ascensão litosférica desses diques ultrabásicos alcalinos do Cretáceo na região ocidental da serra da Mantiqueira, província alcalina Serra do Mar. / Weakly to strongly silica-undersaturated mafic alkaline dike series occur nearby Santo Antonio do Pinhal (SP) and Campos do Jordão (SP) in a restricted area of the Mantiqueira range, SE Brazil. These are intrusive in the Precambrian crystalline basement (south of the Brasília orogen) and in the Ponte Nova mafic-ultramafic alkaline massif. These alkaline rocks are Cretaceous and are grouped as part of the Serra do Mar alkaline province (PASM). In the majority, the dikes are classified as alkaline basalts and alkaline lamprophyres. They are porphyritic, with the macrocryst population having clinopyroxene and olivine as main phases. Subordinatedly, kaersutite, and occasionally, phlogopite, enstatite, magnetite, spinel and plagioclase were found. These macrocrysts present desequilibrium textures, such as sieve and embayment, combined with complex zoning styles, which indicate a open-system magmatic evolution. The study involves: (1) detailed petrographic analyses by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, (2) quantitative punctual analyses of major and minor elements by electron microprobe and trace element by laser ablation - inductively coupled plasma mass espectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) in different horizons of the main macrocrystic phases, and (3) whole-rock geochemistry by X-ray fluorescence and ICP-MS. These determinations were collected focusing in the determination of the genesis of each zone of zoned crystals. From the obtained compositions, mass balance calculations were done to exclude the macrocryst influence in the bulk compositions of the bodies and to have a compositional estimative of the melts, represented by the fine-grained to aphanitic matrices of these rocks. The crystalline zones of macrocrysts in equilibrium with the calculated melts were defined using the Mg-Fe exchange equilibrium constant between minerals and liquid, KdFe2+-Mg2+ C/L . The equilibrium relationships allowed the designation of genetic meanings to the the crystalline zones, being these classified as xenocrysts, antecrysts and phenocrysts. The first two types (in textural and chemical disequilibrium with the matrices) were captured and/or recycled from an early magmatic environment, allowing to access the former magmatic processes during the evolution of the system. Mantle xenocrysts were only identified in dikes from the weakly silica-undersaturated series. Macrocrysts of zoned olivine with cores having Fo > 90 and embayment texture were found together with zoned clinopyroxene macrocrysts, presenting incolor, anhedral Cr-diopside cores with normal concentric step zoning. These Cr-diopside cores have mg# (Mg/Mg+FeT in molecular proportions) 88-87, high Ni values and low Na2O, Al2O3, TiO2, Zn, Sc, Hf, Y, Zr, Sr and rare earth elements (REEs). These compositions are compatible with the garnet and garnet-spinel peridotite facies. On the same occurrence, cores of macrocrystic pyroxene are classified as enstatite (xenocryst) and present sieve texture, concentric reverse step zoning, and high levels of MnO, Ni, Zr and very low of REEs. Antecrysts, crystals in chemical and textural disequilibrium with the matrices but cogenetic to the magmatic system, were mainly formed by cores of clinopyroxene macrocrysts in strongly silica-undersaturated mafic alkaline dikes. The cores of these ones are classified as diopside (sometimes Cr-bearing of Na-bearing), augite, hedenbergite and aegirine-augite. The diopside is incolor, subhedral, with glomeroporphyritic and sieve textures, setorial and concentric reverse step zonings. They present higher mg# (83-80), Cr2O3, Ni, Sc values, lower Na2O and Zn, and intermediate Zr, Y, Hf and Sr concentrations when compared to the other antecryst. Green cores of augite and aegirine-augite are found in dikes of all series and present embayment and sieve textures and concentric step zoning. These have low mg# (70- 40), Cr2O3, high MnO, Na2O and Zn, but wide ranges of MnO, Na2O, Li, Sc, Hf, Y, Zr, Sr and REEs. Ti-augite, chemically classified as subsilicic Ti-bearing diopside, is euhedral, with concentric oscillatory and setorial zonings and found as rims in all clinopyroxene macrocrysts, as matrix crystals and as agregates (glomeroporphyrithic texture) with subhedral olivine macrocrysts (Fo<88). Some of these two minerals zones are in chemical disequilibrium with the matrix but with textural equilibrium of magmatic system, being classified as antecrysts from a next magmatic stage of antecrystals cristalization and xenocryst incorporation. Other horizons of Ti-augite are phenocrysts, in chemical equilibrium with the host melt. Euhedral to subhedral kaersutite, with glomeroporphyritic and skeletal textures and oscillatory concentric zoning is predominant in alkaline lamprophyres. Anhedral kaesutite crystals with sieve texture occurs as macrocrysts in some olivine basalts dikes. In these amphiboles, the enrichment in Ba, Sr, Y, Nd, Zr and REEs present negative correlation with MgO contents. Ti-bearing phlogopites are found mainly in the matrices of the mafic dikes from the Mantiqueira range. However, macrocrysts are rare and found with anhedral habit and concentric step and setorial zonings. The increase of vacancies in octaedric plane of the matrix crystals phlogopite is proportional with the concentrations of Ti, Nb, Zr, Sr, Y and Li, when compared with the macrocryst compositions. The olivine and Cr-diopside xenocrysts found in the mafic dikes from the weakly sílica-undersaturated series indicate the incorporation of mantle host rocks and/or source rocks. Otherwise, the magmas from the strongly sílica-undersaturated series are considered hybrids, based on the trace-element mixing modelling of alkaline mafic and felsic melts. These compositionally contrasting liquids are the responsible for the crystallization, in the earlier stages, of the different families of clinopyroxene antecrysts. On next stage, at lower depth, is indicated by the presence of phenocrysts and antecrysts of Ti-augite as rims, isolated or aggregate macrocrysts and matrix crystals, sometimes associated with olivine and amphiboles. This macrocryst diversity can be explained by the complex plumbing system model. In this model, the interconection between several magma reservatories along distinct evolution stages, with different host rocks during their ascent under several depths in the lithosphere, is considered a efficient way to explain the petrographic and chemical features found in these rocks. Processes of magma mixing and the incorporation of host rocks during the lithospheric ascent are registere for the ultrabasic alkaline Cretaceous dikes of the Mantiqueira range, Serra do Mar alkaline province.

Variscan dike swarms associated with the Central Bohemian Plutonic Complex (CBPC) at the boundary between the Teplá-Barrandian and Moldanubian Units of the Bohemian Massif represent one of the most interesting geological phenomena. Frequency of dykes and their chemical variability do not have any comparable analogy in the whole European Variscides. This work is focused on the study of dyke rocks in the NE periphery of CBPC in geologically very complicated area with intrusions of predominantly deformed granitoids, contact metamorphosed sediments and magmatic rocks of "Islet Zone" with different protolith ages (forming remnants of the original roof of CBPC), deformed basic rocks of uncertain origin and age. The area extends up to the western boundary of the northernmost part of the Moldanubian high-grade metamorphic complex, the boundary itself being also tectonically problematic. Several localities with dyke rocks under study are situated in the area east of Senohraby (SE of Prague), on the northern side (right coast) of the Sázava river, and extend up to the area of Stříbrná Skalice. This area is rich in dykes of gabbro to diorite porphyry accompanied in some places with tonalite (rarely quartz diorite) porphyry and more rarely with amphibole lamprophyres (spessartite). Significantly younger dykes...

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Lamprófiros e diabásios alcalinos afloram no litoral dos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro e integram o Enxame de Diques da Serra do Mar (EDSM). Essas rochas ocorrem sob a forma de diques e intrudem o Orógeno Ribeira, de idade Neoproterozóica/Cambro-Ordoviciana, inserindo-se no contexto geodinâmico de abertura do Oceano Atlântico Sul durante o Cretáceo Superior. Essas intrusões são subverticais e orientam-se preferencialmente a NE-SW, seguindo a estruturação das rochas encaixantes. Os lamprófiros são classificados como monchiquitos e camptonitos e exibem, respectivamente, textura hipocristalina e holocristalina. Apresentam também textura panidiomórfica, fenocristais de clinopiroxênio e olivina, imersos em matriz formada essencialmente por esses mesmos minerais, além de biotita, kaersutita e minerais opacos. O camptonito apresenta ainda plagioclásio na matriz. Os diabásios alcalinos são hipocristalinos a holocristalinos, equigranulares a inequigranulares, com fenocristais de olivina e/ou clinopiroxênio e/ou plagioclásio, em uma matriz composta essencialmente por esses minerais. As rochas estudadas caracterizam séries alcalinas miaskíticas, com os lamprófiros sendo tanto sódicos, potássicos e ultrapotássicos e os diabásios alcalinos como predominantemente sódicos. Modelagens petrogenéticas envolvendo possíveis processos evolutivos mostram que é improvável que os lamprófiros sejam cogenéticos por processos evolutivos envolvendo tanto cristalização fracionada, com ou sem assimilação concomitante, quanto hibridização. O mesmo ocorre para os diabásios alcalinos. A discriminação de fontes mantélicas foi feita com base nos teores de elementos traços de amostras representativas de líquidos parentais e indica que esse magmatismo alcalino está relacionado a fontes lherzolíticas com fusão parcial na zona de estabilidade do espinélio, isto é, a poucas profundidades. Os dados litogeoquímicos e isotópicos do sistema Sr-Nd das rochas estudadas sugerem tanto o envolvimento de fontes férteis, associadas ao manto sublitosférico, quanto de fontes enriquecidas, relacionadas ao manto litosférico subcontinental. Modelagens de mistura binária revelam que a petrogênese dos lamprófiros e diabásios alcalinos envolveu uma grande participação de um componente fértil misturado com contribuições menores de um componente enriquecido. Idades TDM (760-557 Ma) obtidas sugerem remobilização do manto litosférico no Neoproterozóico, talvez relacionadas à subducção da Placa São Francisco preteritamente à colisão do Orógeno Ribeira. Altas razões CaO/Al2O3 para os líquidos lamprofíricos menos evoluídos, altos teores de Zr, correlações negativas Zr/Hf e Ti/Eu e associação com carbonatitos indicam condições metassomáticas de alto CO2/H2O. Em escala local, modelos geodinâmicos baseados na astenosfera não isotérmica parecem mais aplicáveis. No entanto, modelos geodinâmicos baseados na astenosfera isotérmica (com o envolvimento de plumas) parecem mais indicados num contexto regional, considerando-se outras províncias alcalinas contemporâneas e correlatas. / Alkaline lamprophyres and alkaline diabases of the Serra do Mar Dyke Swarm (SMDS) outcrop along the Southeastern Brazil. These dykes intrude rocks of the so-called Rio Negro Magmatic Arc within the Late Proterozoic-Ordovician Ribeira Orogen and are associated with the opening of South Atlantic Ocean during the Late Cretaceous. Typically, the intrusions are subvertical bearing a NE-SW preferential trend which follows the main lineaments in the area. The lamprophyres are classified as monchiquites and camptonites and show holocrystalline and hypocrystalline textures, respectively. They also have panidiomorphic texture and olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts within a matrix composed essentially by these same minerals, kaersutite and biotite. Camptonites still have plagioclase in the matrix. The alkaline diabases are holo- to hypocrystalline, equi- to inequigranular rocks with olivine and/or clinopyroxene and/or plagioclase phenocrysts in a matrix composed essentially by these minerals. These alkaline rocks have miaskitic compositions. Lamprophyres are sodic, potassic and ultrapotassic and alkaline diabases are predominantly sodic. Petrogenetic modeling indicates that lamprophyres are unlikely to be cogenetic by evolutionary processes involving either fractional crystallization, with or without concomitant assimilation, or hybridization. The same applies to the alkaline diabases. Modal-batch partial melting models using samples representing parental liquids indicate that these alkalines mafic rocks are related to lherzolitic sources and that partial melting occurred in the spinel stability field, pointing to a thin continental lithosphere in the region. Lithogeochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data show that the petrogenesis of these alkaline rocks can be assigned to mixing of mantle sources. Binary mixing models and assimilation tests reveal that the petrogenesis of the lamprophyres and alkaline diabases involve a large amount of participation of a fertile component with small contribution of an enriched component. TDM model ages for the studied rocks suggest remobilization ages of the of the lithospheric mantle during the Neoproterozoic, possibly related to the subduction of the San Francisco plate prior to the collision of the Ribeira Orogen. The high CaO/Al2O3 ratios of less evolved lamprophyric melts, high Zr contents, Zr/Hf and Ti/Eu negative correlations and association with carbonatites point to high CO2/H2O conditions during metassomatism of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Geodynamic models based on the non-isothermal asthenospheric mantle seem to apply to the studied mafic alkaline magmatism on a local scale although the isothermal asthenospheric mantle model appears to conceal the petrogenesis of other coeval alkaline provinces in central and southeastern Brazil.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Lamprófiros e diabásios alcalinos afloram no litoral dos estados de São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro e integram o Enxame de Diques da Serra do Mar (EDSM). Essas rochas ocorrem sob a forma de diques e intrudem o Orógeno Ribeira, de idade Neoproterozóica/Cambro-Ordoviciana, inserindo-se no contexto geodinâmico de abertura do Oceano Atlântico Sul durante o Cretáceo Superior. Essas intrusões são subverticais e orientam-se preferencialmente a NE-SW, seguindo a estruturação das rochas encaixantes. Os lamprófiros são classificados como monchiquitos e camptonitos e exibem, respectivamente, textura hipocristalina e holocristalina. Apresentam também textura panidiomórfica, fenocristais de clinopiroxênio e olivina, imersos em matriz formada essencialmente por esses mesmos minerais, além de biotita, kaersutita e minerais opacos. O camptonito apresenta ainda plagioclásio na matriz. Os diabásios alcalinos são hipocristalinos a holocristalinos, equigranulares a inequigranulares, com fenocristais de olivina e/ou clinopiroxênio e/ou plagioclásio, em uma matriz composta essencialmente por esses minerais. As rochas estudadas caracterizam séries alcalinas miaskíticas, com os lamprófiros sendo tanto sódicos, potássicos e ultrapotássicos e os diabásios alcalinos como predominantemente sódicos. Modelagens petrogenéticas envolvendo possíveis processos evolutivos mostram que é improvável que os lamprófiros sejam cogenéticos por processos evolutivos envolvendo tanto cristalização fracionada, com ou sem assimilação concomitante, quanto hibridização. O mesmo ocorre para os diabásios alcalinos. A discriminação de fontes mantélicas foi feita com base nos teores de elementos traços de amostras representativas de líquidos parentais e indica que esse magmatismo alcalino está relacionado a fontes lherzolíticas com fusão parcial na zona de estabilidade do espinélio, isto é, a poucas profundidades. Os dados litogeoquímicos e isotópicos do sistema Sr-Nd das rochas estudadas sugerem tanto o envolvimento de fontes férteis, associadas ao manto sublitosférico, quanto de fontes enriquecidas, relacionadas ao manto litosférico subcontinental. Modelagens de mistura binária revelam que a petrogênese dos lamprófiros e diabásios alcalinos envolveu uma grande participação de um componente fértil misturado com contribuições menores de um componente enriquecido. Idades TDM (760-557 Ma) obtidas sugerem remobilização do manto litosférico no Neoproterozóico, talvez relacionadas à subducção da Placa São Francisco preteritamente à colisão do Orógeno Ribeira. Altas razões CaO/Al2O3 para os líquidos lamprofíricos menos evoluídos, altos teores de Zr, correlações negativas Zr/Hf e Ti/Eu e associação com carbonatitos indicam condições metassomáticas de alto CO2/H2O. Em escala local, modelos geodinâmicos baseados na astenosfera não isotérmica parecem mais aplicáveis. No entanto, modelos geodinâmicos baseados na astenosfera isotérmica (com o envolvimento de plumas) parecem mais indicados num contexto regional, considerando-se outras províncias alcalinas contemporâneas e correlatas. / Alkaline lamprophyres and alkaline diabases of the Serra do Mar Dyke Swarm (SMDS) outcrop along the Southeastern Brazil. These dykes intrude rocks of the so-called Rio Negro Magmatic Arc within the Late Proterozoic-Ordovician Ribeira Orogen and are associated with the opening of South Atlantic Ocean during the Late Cretaceous. Typically, the intrusions are subvertical bearing a NE-SW preferential trend which follows the main lineaments in the area. The lamprophyres are classified as monchiquites and camptonites and show holocrystalline and hypocrystalline textures, respectively. They also have panidiomorphic texture and olivine and clinopyroxene phenocrysts within a matrix composed essentially by these same minerals, kaersutite and biotite. Camptonites still have plagioclase in the matrix. The alkaline diabases are holo- to hypocrystalline, equi- to inequigranular rocks with olivine and/or clinopyroxene and/or plagioclase phenocrysts in a matrix composed essentially by these minerals. These alkaline rocks have miaskitic compositions. Lamprophyres are sodic, potassic and ultrapotassic and alkaline diabases are predominantly sodic. Petrogenetic modeling indicates that lamprophyres are unlikely to be cogenetic by evolutionary processes involving either fractional crystallization, with or without concomitant assimilation, or hybridization. The same applies to the alkaline diabases. Modal-batch partial melting models using samples representing parental liquids indicate that these alkalines mafic rocks are related to lherzolitic sources and that partial melting occurred in the spinel stability field, pointing to a thin continental lithosphere in the region. Lithogeochemical and Sr-Nd isotopic data show that the petrogenesis of these alkaline rocks can be assigned to mixing of mantle sources. Binary mixing models and assimilation tests reveal that the petrogenesis of the lamprophyres and alkaline diabases involve a large amount of participation of a fertile component with small contribution of an enriched component. TDM model ages for the studied rocks suggest remobilization ages of the of the lithospheric mantle during the Neoproterozoic, possibly related to the subduction of the San Francisco plate prior to the collision of the Ribeira Orogen. The high CaO/Al2O3 ratios of less evolved lamprophyric melts, high Zr contents, Zr/Hf and Ti/Eu negative correlations and association with carbonatites point to high CO2/H2O conditions during metassomatism of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Geodynamic models based on the non-isothermal asthenospheric mantle seem to apply to the studied mafic alkaline magmatism on a local scale although the isothermal asthenospheric mantle model appears to conceal the petrogenesis of other coeval alkaline provinces in central and southeastern Brazil.