Due to the diversity of landscapes and the complexity of landscape policies, integration principle plays a very important role in formulating a conceptual framework for effective landscape policies. This is often overlooked in normal practice of landscape related policy making, as a result of overemphasizing development and economic growth by local government. If the integration principle could be taken into account sufficiently, a consciously more responsive approach for landscape policy making could be formulated with higher effectiveness and less uncertainty. This thesis seeks to contribute to the system of landscape policy that integrates multiple environmental and spatial planning concerns into its processes and structures. This thesis has combined landscape planning and policy theories to analyze landscape policies currently in force in cities of Asia to demonstrate the complexity of landscape policies and the importance of integration in policymaking process. While there are few approaches in landscape policy studies except the European Landscape Convention which is a continental scale treaty with focus on environmental and cultural conservation within the context of Europe, there are widespread research on public policies particularly in urban planning, environmental protection, and sustainable development which provided plentiful sources as references. To apply integration principle in policymaking on the basis that landscape policy of nowadays is even important than before, a conceptual framework of landscape policy is established to gauge impacts and changes, as well as to inform planning, and implementation progressively. After providing a combined literature review of landscape architectural theories, landscape policy related areas, and practices of current landscape policymaking, this thesis discusses the importance of integrated approach in landscape policymaking due to the complexity and multidisciplinarity nature of landscape architecture discourse, and sets a two-way action between theory and practice as research strategy. After an overview of current landscape policies of Europe and Asia, this thesis has summarized four types of landscape policies based on its administrative level to reflect the hierarchical structure of landscape policy, from European Landscape Convention at global level to Hong Kong’s Greening Master Plan at project scale. This thesis further looks into two best practices of landscape policymaking in Japan and Singapore, to further elaborate the conceptual basis of the research and analyze the gap between current landscape policies and its urban development practice context. Case studies of Japan and Singapore are employed as references for both discussion and comparative purpose, aiming to demonstrate different ways in which integration principle could be utilized and interpreted with coherent consistency across policy levels and different government sectors, so as to clarify implications of integration principle in policymaking, implementation, and the following continuous improvement processes mainly at city level. The study is concluded by highlighting key issues of conceptual framework with recommendations for further research on integrated landscape policymaking, by applying Grounded Theory as main research method through collection and analysis of qualitative data, with the use of both explorative and interpretive approaches. / published_or_final_version / Architecture / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

<p> Human settlement displaces and fragments natural habitats. Design choices in the landscape directly affect both local diversity and extinction rates. This study seeks to understand how avifauna are responding to this new technology in Mississippi.</p>

The role of master plans at botanical gardens was studied for the purpose of identifying particular characteristics in successful master plan implementation. Twenty existing master plans were analyzed to provide background information about typical content, format, and professionals involved with development of master plans. In addition, fifty surveys were conducted with Directors of botanical gardens and arboreta. Twenty questions were posed to the Directors to define the extent of master plan implementation (i.e. use) at the garden and to identify the factors that affect implementation. Log-likelihood ratio tests (G tests) were performed to evaluate the data. Eighty-eight percent of the institutions surveyed reported that they implement a master plan at the garden. Significant relationships were observed between use of the master plan and the following factors: hiring a landscape architecture firm; involvement of staff, Boards of Directors, and the community; and inclusion of key sections, graphics, and the institution's mission statement. Based on these results, guidelines for master plan development and implementation are presented.

This study clearly defines and identifies the difference between the terms, restoration, renovation and redesign. In order to understand characteristics found on golf courses built in different eras, the history of golf course architecture has also been summarized. Research was gathered from eight courses that have recently completed some type of improvement project or that are currently undergoing improvements. The results show that the process of improving golf courses built before World War II differs considerably from improving those built after the War. Through neglect the former have lost many unique design characteristics and are therefore worthy of restoration. Based on the results of this study, key factors for successful restoration have been identified and applied to the Meadow Club, a course that is currently planning improvements. Built in 1927 the Meadow Club was originally designed by legendary golf architect, Alister Mackenzie.

This thesis will study Fort Lowell Park, a typical district park in Tucson, Arizona. Through a survey of park users, the park itself will be assessed according to its positive and negative aspects. The survey itself will seek to capture the thoughts, beliefs, and recreational needs of the typical park user in Tucson. Through the compilation and interpretation of survey results, and with the assistance of case studies involving cities investing in parks and open spaces, the author of this thesis expects to produce new guidelines not only for the improvement of Fort Lowell Park, but also for the planning and design of new urban parks in the Tucson metropolitan area. These new guidelines will not only improve the quality of recreational experiences in the City of Tucson, but will also contribute to the economic, social, and quality of life variables which make a city an attractive place in which to live.

As the University of Arizona Campus continues to grow, change and expand, automobile parking in and around Campus becomes increasingly scarce. As a result of this growth, bicycling to and around Campus may become the more convenient mode of transportation and can be expected to increase. This poses new problems of safety and efficiency relating to commuting to Campus on a daily basis by bicycle. Currently, Campus does not have a comprehensive plan for bicycle parking facilities. The purpose of this thesis was to evaluate existing data and site conditions and produce a comprehensive bicycle parking plan predominantly based on building capacity, building use, and circulation routes. From this plan, five parking clusters were identified and a prototype of a facility designed. Results from the study suggested that current bicycle parking allotments were not positively associated with high building use and capacity.

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The current state of Lake Winnipeg is a direct result of ninety years of human abuse. Today, this body of water is the most eutrophic lake in the world (Partners for the Saskatchewan River Basin Board, 2009, p. 142). The pollution of Lake Winnipeg has resulted from excessive nutrient loading in the watercourses. Three major contributors to this eutrophic condition include intensive farming, large sewage treatment facilities within the Lake Winnipeg watershed and the inverted drainage pattern of the lake caused by hydroelectric dams. Intensive farming is increasing the nutrient loading into the lake due to the intensified drainage and the methods in which fertilizer is applied to fields. There is potential to mitigate these effects. This design practicum is about water and water management and how cattails can play a key role within it. The primary goal is to explore the possible capacities of landscape design to combine the functional aspects of filtration and energy generation. The outcome of the practicum will be to distill a site within the Lake Winnipeg’s watershed to carry out a physical design. The selected site with all of its facets functions as a test area for the effectiveness and applicability of ecological, economical and aesthetic dimensions through landscape architecture.