No description available.

No description available.

Orientador: José Senhorini / Abstract: The aim of this study was to describe a procedure for sampling, reproduction, and first feeding of the Neotropical catfish Pseudopimelodus mangurus. Wild adult P. mangurus specimens were collected in the Mogi Guassu river, and subsequently, were induced to spawn in laboratory conditions. After hand-stripping the females, the average weight of the oocytes was 143 ± 1.66 g, having an average of 718 ± 49.802 oocytes g-1. The diameter of zygotes was about 1226.354 ± 47.719 µm nonhydrated to 1761.256 ± 26.412 µm after hydration. The fertilization rates were 98.00 ± 0.63%, and the hatching rate were 68.94 ± 11.83%. Three days after hatching, the larvae started exogenous feeding. First feedings were made with 6 different treatments, in which the best results arose with sequential feeding with artemia nauplii, Astyanax altiparanae, and Prochilodus lineatus larvae. This condition resulted in a growth rate of 2012.795 ± 44.891 µm by the tenth day of experiment, higher survival rate (65 ± 0.09%), and a lower cannibalism rate 14 ± 0.03% on the tenth day after exogenous feed. The data obtained in this study is important for reproductive biotechniques and mass production of the endangered catfish P. mangurus. / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-04-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:43:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rocha_ra_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 361805 bytes, checksum: 5c55d3f7c6f6c5d5c1f2a2ed98259327 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O experimento teve como objetivo avaliar a sobrevivência de larvas infectantes (L3) de Trichostrongylus colubriformis em três espécies forrageiras. Para tal, foram utilizados módulos experimentais constituídos por seis canteiros de 32,4 m2 cada, estabelecidos com as seguintes gramíneas forrageiras: Brachiaria decumbens cv. Australiana, Cynodon dactilon cv. Coast-cross e Panicum maximum cv. Aruana, perfazendo dois canteiros por espécie. Cada canteiro foi dividido em 36 parcelas, de 30 x 30 cm, de forma a permitir seis repetições por espécie e por altura em cada semana de colheita de material. A sobrevivência larval foi avaliada nas quatro estações do ano, sob o efeito de duas alturas de poda das forragens (baixa, 5 cm e alta, 30 cm). A poda foi realizada imediatamente antes da deposição das fezes. Ocorreram quatro deposições de fezes, uma a cada estação do ano. A colheita das fezes e da forragem foi realizada uma, duas, quatro, oito, 12 e 16 semanas após cada deposição de fezes nos canteiros experimentais. A altura da forragem foi medida em cada uma das subdivisões imediatamente antes das colheitas. A forragem foi cortada com uma tesoura de poda, rente ao solo, de uma área delimitada com o auxílio de um círculo de 10 cm de raio. As fezes foram recolhidas manualmente dos canteiros. A recuperação de L3 das amostras fecais foi maior quando as fezes foram depositadas em meio ao capim alto (com 30 cm - P<0,05). Porém, a recuperação de L3 nas forragens foi similar em ambos os cortes. Em relação à concentração de L3, o corte baixo propiciou maior quantidade de L3 por quilo de matéria seca (P<0,05). As maiores recuperações de L3, nas fezes e nas forragens, ocorreram quando as fezes foram depositadas no outono e na primavera. Dentre as espécies forrageiras, o capim aruana foi o que no geral apresentou maiores concentrações de larvas infectantes de T. colubriformis. / The purpose of the experiment was to evaluate infective Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae (L3) survival in three forage species. Experimental modules formed by six 32.4-m2 plot, established with the following forage grass species, were used in the study: Australian Brachiaria decumbens cv., Cynodon dactilon cv. Coast-cross, and Panicum maximum cv. Aruana, totaling two plots for each species. Each plot was divided into 36 30 x 30 cm parts in order to allow six replicates per species and per height in each week of material collection. Larval survival was evaluated in the four seasons of the year under the effect of two forage paring heights (low, 5 cm, and high, 30 cm). The paring was carried out immediately before the feces were deposited. Four feces deposits were made, one in each season of the year. Feces and forage collection was performed one, two, four, eight, 12 and 16 weeks after each feces deposition in the experimental plots. Forage grass height was measured in each subdivision immediately before the collections. The forage was cut using pairing scissors, close to the soil, from an area delimited with a circle with a 10-cm radius. The feces were collected manually from the plots. L3 recovery rates from fecal samples were bigger when the feces were deposited in high grass (measuring 30 cm - P<0,05). However, L3 recovery in the forages was similar for both cuts. So far as the L3 concentration is concerned, the low cut resulted in a bigger number of L3 per kilogram of dry matter (P<0,05). The higher L3 recovery in the feces and in the forage grass occurred when the feces were deposited in the autumn and in the spring. Among the forage species, the aruana grass was the one that, in general, harbored the biggest concentrations of infecting T. colubriformis larvae.

Hypoxia and ocean acidification (OA) are amongst the major environmental threats to marine ecosystems worldwide. Biofilms, the signpost to guide larval settlement of many benthic invertebrates, are known to be responsive to environmental changes and thus can become the crucial factor for the response of benthic invertebrate communities. This study aimed at investigating the individual and interactive effects of hypoxia and OA on biofilms and the subsequent effects on larval settlement. Biofilms collected from two sites (clean, hypoxic) were treated with a factorial design of low dissolved oxygen and/or low pH conditions in microcosms and the bacterial cell density and viability (by LIVE/DEAD® cell viability assays) were analyzed. Larval settlement preference was tested with the marine invertebrate, Crepidula onyx. The total bacterial cell densities of biofilms of the hypoxia and hypoxia and OA combination treatment were lower than that of the control biofilms for both sites. There was generally no significant difference in cell viability among control and different treatments for both sites. While the larval settlement rate on hypoxia and hypoxia and OA combination treated biofilms was significantly lower. In conclusion, this study revealed that hypoxia and OA are likely to affect larval settlement by alteration of biofilms, and this may lead to alterations in future coastal communities.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-58). Description: ix, 58 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Bibliography: Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-172). Description: xiv, 172 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-05T18:29:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-07-31. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-05T18:33:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855140_20171231.pdf: 406283 bytes, checksum: 823f0d02fed64dbb32d7dff3316d1155 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2018-01-02T17:04:30Z: 000855140_20171231.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-01-02T17:05:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000855140.pdf: 4432087 bytes, checksum: 4ac154a67789770c2556426a1bee6033 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O conhecimento sobre a organogênese das larvas de peixes é uma ferramenta útil para estabelecer suas capacidades funcionais sistêmicas e suas necessidades fisiológicas a fim de garantir o bem-estar ideal e o crescimento sob condições de aquicultura A manipulação de protocolos de alimentação na larvicultura pode influenciar a capacidade das funções digestivas, levando os animais a um maior ou menor desenvolvimento. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o crescimento e o desenvolvimento morfofisiológico do trato digestório de larvas de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, cultivadas com diferentes dietas alimentares e protocolos de transição do alimento vivo para o formulado, por meio de análises de desempenho zootécnico, histológicas, histoquímicas e enzimológicas (tripsina, amilase, lipase, leucina-aminopeptidase, maltase e proteases ácidas), contribuindo assim, para a compreensão do desenvolvimento do trato digestório das larvas de pacu e da sua capacidade digestiva / The knowledge about organogenesis of fish larvae is a useful tool to establish their functional capabilities and systemic physiological needs in order to ensure welfare and optimal growth under aquaculture conditions. Feed in hatchery affects digestive functions inducing faster or slower development. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate growth and morphophysiological development of the gastrointestinal tract in pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus larvae, rearing under live food and formulated diet with different weaning protocols, through the analysis of production performance, histology, histochemistry and enzymology (trypsin, amylase, lipase, leucine-aminopeptidase, maltase and acid proteases). Therefore, this research contributes to the better understanding of the development of the gastrointestinal tract in pacu larvae and its digestive capacity

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 oda_gm_me_jabo.pdf: 1151066 bytes, checksum: 14dd740fdc1fe457e69c6236d136fa71 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A reprodução de peixes é um dos processos mais importantes para a piscicultura, sendo a reprodução artificial um dos manejos de criação mais estressantes para os animais, devido a todo o manejo envolvido. Esse estresse desencadeia a produção de cortisol, que pode provocar problemas na reprodução e nas larvas. Dessa forma, um maior conhecimento do estresse na reprodução é necessário, para se estabelecer rotinas e modelos de manejo mais adequados. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo, verificar o efeito do cortisol administrado por meio de injeção intraperitoneal na reprodução de fêmeas de matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus), no desenvolvimento embrionário e no desempenho inicial das larvas. Para isso, foram realizados 2 experimentos, nos meses de novembro e dezembro de 2007 e 2008. Utilizou-se no total, 24 fêmeas e 18 machos de matrinxãs, onde as fêmeas, no momento da indução hormonal com EPC para a reprodução, recebiam uma injeção intraperitoneal de solução de cortisol, de acordo com os tratamentos (4 fêmeas por tratamento), 2007: E1 (Controle) e E2 (10 mg/kg cortisol) e em 2008: E3 (Controle), E4 (0,1 mg/kg cortisol), E5 (1 mg/kg cortisol) e E6 (5 mg/kg cortisol). Após a reprodução, foram verificadas as taxas de fertilização e sobrevivência pré-eclosão e coletados sangue, ovos e larvas dessas fêmeas para as analises de microscopia e biométricas. Os tratamentos com cortisol apresentaram uma menor taxa de fertilização e menor sobrevivência pré-eclosão, além de alguns tratamentos apresentarem tamanho reduzido das larvas na eclosão e ao longo das coletas. Na microscopia, podemos observar que ovos de tratamentos com cortisol tiveram uma aceleração nas divisões celulares, no desenvolvimento embrionário das dosagens mais baixas e maior desenvolvimento do sistema digestório nas larvas com até 24h de vida, porém com muitas deformidades... / The reproduction of fish is one of the most important for fish farming and the artificial breeding is one of the most handling stressful, because of all the management involved. This stress triggers the production of cortisol, which can cause problems in reproduction and larvae. Thus, a greater understanding of stress on reproduction is necessary to establish routines and management models more suitable. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of cortisol administered via intraperitoneal injection on reproduction in female fish (Brycon amazonicus), in embryonic development and initial performance of the larvae. For this, 2 experiments were conducted in the months of November and December of 2007 and 2008. We used a total of 24 females and 18 males matrinxãs. Females in moment of hormonal induction EPC for reproduction received an intraperitoneal injection of cortisol solution, according to the treatments (4 females per treatment), 2007: E1 (Control) and E2 (10 mg / kg cortisol) and in 2008: E3 (Control), E4 (0.1 mg / kg cortisol), E5 (1 mg / kg cortisol) and E6 (5 mg / kg cortisol). After reproduction, were observed fertilization rates and survival pre-hatching and collected blood, eggs and larvae of these females for microscopic analysis and biometrics. Treatments with cortisol had a lower fertilization rate and lower survival pre-hatching, and some treatments make small size of larvae at hatching and during the experimental period. In microscopy, we observed that treatment of eggs with cortisol had an acceleration of cell division in embryonic development of lower dosages and further development of the digestive system in larvae up to 24 hours of life, but with many deformities in body structures and head, reducing the lifetime of these larvae. It was concluded that cortisol causes deleterious effects on reproduction of female matrinxãs and development of their offspring... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brant_mprc_me_botfmvz.pdf: 347841 bytes, checksum: 07a65a6f458afcc54be76d10fc51457e (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar os produtos de excreção/secreção (PE/S) de larvas de Dermatobia hominis, especialmente, no que se refere à atividade proteolítica desses produtos. Os PE/S foram obtidos de larvas de primeiro estágio (L1) cultivadas em laboratório e de larvas de segundo (L2) e terceiro (L3) estágios colhidas de bovinos parasitados. O perfil das proteínas foi obtido pela eletroforese dos PE/S em gel de poliacrilamida contendo sódio dodecil sulfato (SDS-PAGE) e a atividade proteolítica foi investigada utilizando gelatina, azocaseína e N-a-benzoil-arginina-nitroanilida (BAPNA) como substratos. Para caracterização das proteases foram realizados ensaios utilizando estes mesmos substratos, nos quais as amostras foram tratadas com os inibidores: PMSF, TPCK, TLCK, DCI, E-64, EDTA, Elastatinal, Leupeptina, Fenantrolina e Antipaína. Nos PE/S de L1 foram detectadas exclusivamente proteases com peso molecular aparente acima de 168 kDa, cuja inibição revelou pertencerem aos grupos das metalo-proteases e serina-proteases. Os zimogramas dos PE/S de L2 e L3 em géis copolimerizados com gelatina revelaram uma ampla faixa de atividade proteolítica, na qual estavam presentes proteases de alto, médio e baixo pesos moleculares aparentes. Nos ensaios realizados com inibidores de proteases, utilizando os três substratos, as proteases presentes em L2 e L3 foram identificadas como pertencentes ao grupo das serina-proteases, sendo em L3, predominantemente, do tipo tripsina. As alterações nos padrões de proteólise e nas características bioquímicas das proteases presentes nos três estágios larvais discuti- se à atividade das larvas em cada fase do seu desenvolvimento. / In the present investigation the biochemical characteristics of the Dermatobia hominis larvae secretory/excretory products (PE/S) were analyzed mainly regard to their proteolytic activities. The PE/S of first-instar larvae were collected from larvae reared in the laboratory and of the second and third instars from larvae removed from infested cattle.The PE/S were tested in a sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to identify their proteic profiles and the proteases activity were investigated using gelatine, azocasein, and N-a-benzoil-arginine-nitroanilide (BAPNA) as substrates. The proteases characterizations were performed by treating PE/S samples by the following proteases inhibitors: PMSF, TPCK, DCI, E-64, EDTA, Elastatinal, Leupeptine, Phenatroline, and Antipain. SDS-PAGE-Gelatin profiles of L1 PE/S revealed only proteases with molecular weight above 168 KDa whereas profiles from L2 and L3 PE/S revealed a high range of proteolytic activity, including high, medium and low molecular weight proteases. The assays performed with the protease inhibitors, and gelatin and azocasein as substrates, revealed that metalloprotease is the major class of proteases present in the PE/S of L1 besides the low content of serine-proteases. The major class of proteases present in the PE/S of L2 and L3 was characterized as serine-proteases, being in L3 predominantly of trypsin type. The changes in the proteolytic patterns and biochemical characteristics of the proteases found in all three instar larvae of D. hominis were with the larval activity in each phase of their development.