BACKGROUND: Sleep problems affect people of all ages, race, gender, and socioeconomic classifications. Undiagnosed sleep disorders significantly and adversely impact a person’s level of academic achievement, job performance, and subsequently, socioeconomic status. Undiagnosed sleep disorders also negatively impact both direct and indirect costs for employers, the national government, and the general public. Sleepiness has significant implications on quality of life by impacting occupational performance, driving ability, cognition, memory, and overall health. The purpose of this study is to describe the prevalence of daytime sleepiness, as well as other quantitative predictors of sleep continuity and quality. METHODS: Population data from the CDC program in fatigue surveillance were used for this secondary analysis seeking to characterize sleep quality and continuity variables. Each participant underwent a standard nocturnal polysomnography and a standard multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) on the subsequent day. Frequency and chi-square tests were used to describe the sample. One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare sleep related variables of groups with sleep latencies of <5 >minutes, 5-10 minutes, and >10 minutes. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association of the sleep variables with sleep latency time. RESULTS: The mean (SD) sleep latency of the sample was 8.8 (4.9) minutes. Twenty-four individuals had ≥1 SOREM, and approximately 50% of participants (n = 100) met clinical criteria for a sleep disorder. Individuals with shorter sleep latencies, compared to those with longer latencies reported higher levels of subjective sleepiness, had higher sleep efficiency percentages, and longer sleep times. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, sleep efficiency percentage, total sleep time, the presence of a sleep disorder, and limb movement index were positively associated with a mean sleep latency of <5 >minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of a significant percentage of sleep disorders within our study sample validate prior suggestions that such disorders remain unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated. In addition, our findings confirm questionnaire-based surveys that suggest a significant number of the population is excessively sleepy, or hypersomnolent. Therefore, the high prevalence of sleep disorders and the negative public health effects of daytime sleepiness demand attention. Further studies are now required to better quantify levels daytime sleepiness, within a population based sample, to better understand their impact upon morbidity and mortality. This will not only expand on our current understanding of daytime sleepiness, but it will also raise awareness surrounding its significance and relation to public health.

A relationship between overweight and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been suggested in the adult population, and to a limited extent in the pediatric population. Daytime sleepiness can interfere with various components of daytime function. In light of the increase in the rates of pediatric overweight and obesity, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight and EDS in a pediatric population. Using a retrospective approach, data collected in a pediatric sleep clinic was analyzed. Objective measures of EDS were correlated with age, gender, body mass index percentile, and overnight sleep test recording variables. In males and in all children under the age of 13 years old, EDS was more common in those weighing above the normal range, EDS was present particularly during mid-morning hours. Additionally, weight above the normal range correlated with evidence of EDS after adjusting for measures of sleep pathologies.

A relationship between overweight and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) has been suggested in the adult population, and to a limited extent in the pediatric population. Daytime sleepiness can interfere with various components of daytime function. In light of the increase in the rates of pediatric overweight and obesity, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight and EDS in a pediatric population. Using a retrospective approach, data collected in a pediatric sleep clinic was analyzed. Objective measures of EDS were correlated with age, gender, body mass index percentile, and overnight sleep test recording variables. In males and in all children under the age of 13 years old, EDS was more common in those weighing above the normal range, EDS was present particularly during mid-morning hours. Additionally, weight above the normal range correlated with evidence of EDS after adjusting for measures of sleep pathologies.

La narcolepsie est une maladie rare, touchant une personne sur 2000. Elle se caractérise par l'association d'une somnolence diurne excessive, d'épisodes de cataplexie, de paralysies du sommeil, d'hallucinations hypnagogiques. et d'une fragmentation du sommeil. La narcolepsie sans cataplexie constitue un sous-type hétérogène. Le diagnostic de narcolepsie peut être clinique, mais bien souvent un Test Itératif de Latence d'Endormissement (T1LE), précédé d'une polysomnographie nocturne (NPSG). sont utilisés pour porter le diagnostic.La cause de la plupart des cas de narcolepsie avec cataplexie a été découverte au début des années 2000: la destruction, probablement d'origine auto-immune. des neurones à hypocrétine de l'hypothalamus. Un déficit en hypocrétine à la ponction lombaire constitue désormais un test de référence pour établir le diagnostic, ce qui offre l'opportunité d'optimiser les critères actuels et de tester de nouvelles hypothèses diagnostiques en regard de ce test de référence. Peu d'études ont à ce jour spécifiquement porté sur la narcolepsie sans cataplexie et son diagnostic. Nous avons donc cherché à identifier les prédicteurs du déficit en hypocrétine dans la narcolepsie sans cataplexie. De plus, dans la narcolepsie-cataplexie, l'utilisation comme critère diagnostique d'une latence courte d'apparition du sommeil paradoxal à la NPSG n'a jamais été évaluée en utilisant comme test de référence le déficit en hypocrétine, et nous avons donc cherché à en déterminer l'utilité diagnostic et la valeur-seuil optimale.Afin de mener à bien ces projets de recherche, nous avons initié et participé au développement du logiciel d'analyse ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) SoftROC. Dans la narcolepsie sans cataplexie. nous avons montré que les paramètres électrophysiologiques, plus que cliniques, différaient entre les patients avec un taux bas d'hypocrétine et ceux avec un taux normal. Dans la narcolepsie avec cataplexie. nous avons établi qu'une latence courte (< 15 minutes) d'apparition du sommeil paradoxal à la NPSG était un test diagnostique spécifique, mais peu sensible, pour la narcolepsie avec déficit en hypocrétine. Nos résultats ont contribué à la révision des classifications internationales des troubles du sommeil. / Narcolepsy is characterised by excessive diurnal sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations andsleep fragmentation. Narcolepsy without cataplexy is a heterogeneous subtype. Diagnosis can be established clinically,but a Mulitple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) following a Nocturnal PolySomnoGraphy (NPSG), is used most of the time.Auto-immune loss of hypocretin cells is responsible for narcolepsy with cataplexy. Hypocretin deficiency at lumbarpuncture is a gold standard for diagnosis.Few studies have focused specifically on narcolepsy without cataplexy. Our aim was to identify predictors of hypocretindeficiency in this condition. Moreover, in narcolepsy with cataplexy, a short REM sleep latency at NPSG has never beenevaluated as a diagnostic test using hypocretin deficiency as a gold standard, and we therefore have aimed at assessing itsdiagnostic utility and optimal cut-off.In order to conduct our research, we have contributed to developing a ROC analysis software (SoftROC).In narcolepsy without cataplexy- objective (NPSG and MSLT) more than clinical parameters were predictors ofhypocretin-deficiency. In narcolepsy-cataplexy, a short (< 15 mins) REM latency at NPSG was a specific, but notsensitive. diagnostic test. Our results contributed to the revision of international diagnostic classifications.