Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 227-232). / Microfiche. / xiii, 232 leaves, bound ill. (some col.) 29 cm

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-279). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-247). / Microfiche. / xvii, 246 p. ill. (some col.), maps 29 cm

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 1999. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-135). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9948026.

Effusive volcanic eruptions repave landscapes rapidly with lava flows, resetting the underlying landscape and ecosystem. The unique physical properties of lava pose interesting challenges for recovery, as lava flows can be highly permeable while lava itself is dense, sterile, and generally inhospitable towards life. This dissertation examines two aspects of landscape recovery following lava flow emplacement: (1) hydrologic adaptation of surface and groundwater to recent volcanism and (2) plant colonization of young lava flows. I examine two sites in the central Oregon Cascades: the c. 3 ka Sand Mountain volcanic field (SMVF), located in the headwaters of the McKenzie River, a critical water resource for the state of Oregon, and the c. 1.5 ka Collier Cone lava flow, originating on the north flanks of North Sister volcano. My investigation of the SMVF and upper McKenzie River watershed reveals a complex volcanic history with profound impacts on the configuration and short-term discharge of the McKenzie River: lava flows from the SMVF and other Holocene vents have buried, dammed, and altered the path of the McKenzie River. Moreover, given the large groundwater contribution from the SMVF to the McKenzie River, I estimate that SMVF activity caused McKenzie River discharge in present-day Eugene, Oregon to decrease by up to 20% for days to months at a time; future regional mafic volcanic activity could have a similar impact. The SMVF and the Collier Cone lava flow are notable for the juxtaposition of barren exposed lava and mature forests on the same or similarly aged lava flows. I use a combination of LiDAR analysis, field observations, and soil characterization to examine soil and vegetation at these two sites and find that the presence of an external soil source greatly facilitates plant establishment, growth, and survival. Here, external soil sources are syn- or post-eruptive tephra (SMVF) or flood-borne deposits (Collier Cone lava flow). External soil appears to provide a substrate for plants to grow in along with key nutrients and sufficient moisture; overall, external soil sources are key for the initial recovery following an effusive volcanic disturbance. This dissertation includes co-authored material submitted for publication.

Lava flows of Tertiary-Quaternary age occur in Enoch Valley, Upper Valley, and Slug Valley in southeastern Idaho. The basalts in Upper Valley and Enoch Valley contain olivine (Fo69 to Fo37), plagioclase (An62 to An39), augite and Fe-Ti oxides. The lava in Slug Valley lacks plagioclase, but contains sanidine (Or70 to Or56) with a trace of biotite and amphibole, and thus, has been termed alkali trachyte. Black Mountain, on the eastern side of Bear Lake, northeastern Utah, is capped by basalt. Minerals present include olivine (Fo83 to Fo72), plagioclase (An71 to An53 J, augite, and magnetite. Chemically, the basalt of Enoch Valley is comparable to olivine tholeiite of the Snake River Plain, as it contains olivine and hypersthene in the norm. The basalt of Upper Valley contains a greater amount of Si02 and K2O and less MgO than tholeiite of the Snake River Plain. This basalt contains normative quartz and hypersthene and is classified as tholeiite. The presence of nepheline and olivine in the norm of the basalt from Black Mountain indicates that it is an alkali-olivine basalt. The lava from Slug Valley contains high K and Mg, moderate Si, and low Al and Na. It is similar to lamproites of orenditic affinity. The temperatures of crystallization calculated from co-existing olivine and pyroxene, range from 1,015 degrees C to 996 degrees C for the valley basalts, and range from 1,021 degrees C to 1,002 degrees C for the alkali trachyte. The temperature calculated for the basalt sample from Black Mountain is 1,015 degrees C. The temperatures estimated using coexisting magnetite and ilmenite range from 1,021 degrees C to 978 degrees C for the valley basalts. The proposed origin of the Enoch Valley basalt is that it is a direct product of partial melting of a mantle of pyrolite composition. Fractionation, during ascent of the magma, could possibly have produced the Upper Valley lava. The basalt on Black Mountain was possibly derived as the result of partial melting of a pyrolitic mantle as well, but due to differences in mineralogy and normative constituents, it seems to be unrelated to the valley basalts. The origin of the Slug Valley alkali trachyte is uncertain. This lava may have been generated from a mica peridotite mantle and is possibly related to the Leucite Hills lava in Wyoming.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on December 30, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Eric Sandvol. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [137]-147).

Mémoire (M.ScA.)- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1982. / 6 cartes dans une pochette. "Mémoire présenté en vue de l'obtention de la maîtrise es sciences appliquées" CaQCU CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU