<p> Management practices in the rehabilitation and criminal justice system are primarily concerned with how employees sense, collect, organize, and process information regarding the criminal offender. The purpose of this quantitative study was to measure parole and probation officers&rsquo; perceptions regarding management support and effectiveness in the workplace, with particular emphasis on communication, collaboration, and conflict resolution. Herzberg&rsquo;s 2-factor theory of motivation served as the theoretical framework for the study, supporting the concept of participatory management as a central factor in job satisfaction. A researcher-designed, Likert-type questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 31 parole and probation officers in Baltimore County. The sample size was determined using a power analysis for the 2-sample t test. The power analysis was completed with alpha levels of .05, and a .80 level of statistical power. Participants had been employed for at least a year as parole and probation officers who supervised African American criminal offenders. Results from the questionnaires were analyzed using t tests, frequency distribution analysis, and comparison of means analysis, with mixed findings. The majority of participants felt that managers provide a positive overall work environment and effectively communicate with parole and probation officers. At the same time, the majority of respondents also believed that managers do not collaborate with employees and do not resolve conflicts with employees in a timely manner. Possible reasons for these contradictory perceptions are discussed. The study contributes to positive social change by providing leaders with improved methods for measuring parole and probation officers&rsquo; perceptions regarding managerial support for and effectiveness in the rehabilitation of reentry offenders. </p>

<p> The purpose of this research is to examine how the market, or the <i> invisible hand</i>, and regulators, or the <i>visible hand</i>, penalize organizational misconduct through the imposition of reputational penalties and legal sanctions respectively. Reputational penalty measures market based losses a firm suffers when it engages in illegal behavior, causing its immediate stakeholders to change the terms of doing business. On the other hand, sanctions refer to the punishment provided by regulators for deviating from social norms and regulations. The aggregation of these two components reflects the total punishment for these transgressions. I develop a comprehensive model that estimates the total penalty and examines the determinants of each of its components. </p><p> I assess reputational penalties by conducting event study analyses on the population of public firms prosecuted for bribery under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act from 1978 to 2010. The analyses show that these firms lost over $60 billion in market capital during this period. This translates to a reputational penalty of 83&cent; for every dollar of share value loss; the remaining 17&cent; represents the direct costs to the firm to manage the prosecution. Omission of reputational penalties in rational choice calculus underestimates bribery costs by 4.5 times. Drawing on organization stigma literature, I then explore the degree to which stigma is attached, diffused, or embedded in accounting systems. The combination of host country corruption stigma, involvement of compromised executives and corruption entrenchment in accounting systems explain variations in reputational penalty. </p><p> I also examine the hazard rate of recovery of firms&rsquo; reputational penalty following the occurrence of bribery events. Prior firm reputation affects the likelihood of recovery in a manner that it hinders recovery for firms with higher reputations than those with lower reputations. This suggests that deviant activity has greater repercussions for the former firms than the latter firms. </p><p> Under the sanctions model of punishment, I evaluate a process model of how firms regain legitimacy after allegations of misconduct. A new measure of sanctions is developed and tested. The results demonstrate that bribery misconduct is sanctioned according to its severity. Firms that internally investigate and terminate culpable employees are rewarded with lesser sanctions. </p><p> Overall, the experiences of firms prosecuted for corporate bribery suggest that firms should proactively institute corporate monitoring mechanisms to prevent criminal misconduct. My research has advanced current knowledge of punishment from corporate misconduct.</p><p>

<p> Durable power of attorney has been recognized as a powerful legal document that is used to financially exploit the elderly across the United States. The existing research indicated elder financial abuse undermines the economic security of the financially exploited older adult. </p><p> Despite the findings, however, a recent review of the existing literature showed a lack of research that computed how much elder financial abuse was attributed to durable power of attorney abuse. Studies, such as the one published by the MetLife Market Institute, reported that $2.9B was stolen from the elderly nationwide in 2010. If the durable power of attorney is used to financially exploit the elderly, then the question becomes: How much money is stolen from the elderly by the misuse of a durable power of attorney? The existing research that quantified elder financial abuse did not delineate and show how much was attributed to durable power of attorney abuse. That is the missing link. </p><p> Adult Protective Services is a nationwide government agency that receives and investigates reports of suspected elder abuse, physical and financial. The elder financial abuse cases include those in which a durable power of attorney was used to gain access to the older adults&rsquo; money. </p><p> This dissertation was the first attempt to calculate in dollars how much money was taken from older persons in Bergen County, New Jersey through the misuse of a durable power of attorney, with a sole focus on durable power of attorney abuse apart from the other ways in which senior citizens are financially exploited. This researcher examined an open-source document prepared by Bergen County Adult Protective Services and estimated in dollars how much money was taken from the elderly in Bergen County, New Jersey over a specific period of time. </p><p> This researcher examined civil security, the human security paradigm, and national security. The focus was on the economic component of the human security paradigm and through a narrow lens, the study results demonstrated that durable power of attorney abuse is a critical threat to the economic security of the nation&rsquo;s older population and poses a potential threat to our nation&rsquo;s security. </p><p> The most significant result was that the data compiled in this study seemed to indicate that between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, the majority of the elder financial abuse cases reported to and investigated by Bergen County Adult Protective Services were committed by a means other than the misuse of a durable power of attorney. When it was used, however, it resulted in the older persons having their monthly social security income stolen on a regular basis, or in other cases hundreds of thousands of dollars were taken over time.</p>

Univ., Diss.--Frankfurt (Main), 2005.

Univ., Diss.--Kiel, 2006. / Literaturverz. S. 285 - 309.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Frankfurt (Main), 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 535-558).