This study aimed to examine Swedish hunters' attitudes towards the use of leaded and lead-free ammunition, focusing on their perceptions regarding a potential transition to exclusive lead-free ammunition use. A questionnaire was utilized to gather insights from Swedish hunters about their attitudes and preferences. The results highlighted that the selection of ammunition type is primarily influenced by factors such as performance, availability, and costs. Notably, enhanced familiarity with non-leaded ammunition through increased usage correlated with more positive attitudes towards its adoption. The study also underscored the need to address sentimental values associated with traditional weapons and ammunition in balancing environmental and health considerations. Moreover, it delved into the varying factors influencing decision-making and explored the attitudinal differences between hunters who use lead and lead-free ammunition. In conclusion, it was found that the choice of ammunition among Swedish hunters isn't significantly influenced by gender or age, with lead ammunition being the preferred choice. Despite perceived hurdles associated with non-leaded ammunition, such as performance, cost, and availability, these barriers seemed to diminish with increased familiarity and experience, suggesting that focused education and improved availability could promote its adoption. As such, while perceptions about performance, cost, and availability are critical in hunters' choice of ammunition, these perceptions may evolve with a greater understanding and experience with lead-free alternatives.