The costume, scenery and lighting designs for this theoretical production of Offenbach's opera The Tales of Hoffman derive from a production concept centering in the year 1880. This concept is the result of an understanding of the opera's music as well as an investigation of Its cultural context. The work consists of designs for thirty-one costumes and five settings technical drawings, lighting plot, and instrument schedule. / Arts, Faculty of / Theatre and Film, Department of / Graduate

La phytoremédiation est présentée comme une option pour gérer des sols dégradés. Les potentialités de Miscanthus × giganteus ont été évaluées, dans des conditions ex situ et in situ, avec pour objectif de produire une biomasse sur des sols agricoles fortement contaminés par Cd, Pb et Zn. Il a été dressé un bilan sur le comportement de la plante face à un gradient de contamination des sols, en intégrant les variations saisonnières et différentes pratiques agronomiques (choix du cultivar, densité de plantation, amendement biologique, fertilisation azotée). Il a aussi été étudié l’influence du miscanthus sur la mobilité des métaux dans les sols. Les résultats ont montré que la contamination des sols ne perturbe pas la croissance de M. × giganteus et le rendement de la biomasse récoltée. Le cadmium, Pb et Zn sont principalement accumulés dans les racines et d’une façon générale, M. × giganteus réduit leur transfert vers les organes aériens. Cette plante présente un bon potentiel pour la phytostabilisation des métaux et d’une façon plus globale, pour le phytomanagement. Prises individuellement, les pratiques agronomiques n’ont pas d’effet sur le comportement de la plante. En revanche, la fertilisation azotée d’une part, et l’interaction entre le cultivar et l’ajout de l’inoculum endomycorhizien d’autre part, favorise légèrement l’accumulation de Cd et Zn dans les organes aériens des cultivars étudiés. Compte tenu du caractère pérenne de la plante, il conviendrait de valider ces résultats sur le long terme, d’étudier les effets du stress métallique sur la santé de la plante et d’évaluer le devenir des polluants en lien avec l’accumulation des matières organiques dans le sol. / Phytoremediation is considered as an option for management of degraded soils. The potential of Miscanthus × giganteus were assessed in ex situ and in situ conditions, with the aim of producing biomass on agricultural soils heavily contaminated by Cd, Pb and Zn. The study mainly focused on the behavior of M. × giganteus growing on soils presenting a contamination gradient, and included seasonal variations and different agronomic practices, i.e., choice of the cultivar, planting density, biological soil amendment and nitrogen fertilization. The influence of the plant on metal mobility in soils was also assessed. The results show that soil contamination does not affect M. × giganteus growth and shoot yields. Cadmium, Pb and Zn are mainly accumulated in roots and in general M. × giganteus reduces their transfer to the aboveground organs. This plant presents therefore a great potential for metal phytostabilisation, and in a more comprehensive way, for phytomanagement. Taken individually, agronomic practices did not affect the plant behavior. However, nitrogen fertilization on one hand, and the interaction between the cultivar ad the endomycorrhizal inoculum on the other hand, increase the Cd and Zn accumulation in miscanthus organs. Given the perennial nature of the plant, long-term studies are needed to validate the present results, to assess the effects of metal-induced stress on the plant health as well as the fate of contaminants in relation to the accumulation of soil organic matter in miscanthus plantations.

In order to increase results accuracy and to provide some time-dependency to CFD results, embedded RANS/LES simulations are getting more and more interesting. In order to run these simulations accurate LES boundary conditions are required, not to affect the downstream results with a poor quality synthetic turbulence generation. Considering the currently developped methodologies, it is not possible to generate a divergence free turbulent flow which satisfy a non isotropic state of turbulence. The author started from the Synthetic Eddy Method (SEM) defined by Jarrin (2009), and defined a new shape function with the ability to satisfy continuity. The new methodology, named Divergence Free SEM (DFSEM), is able to reproduce almost any kind of turbulence anisotropy by using a special shape function and adapting the eddies intensities in order to match the Reynolds stress tensor rather than using the Lund coefficients, as most of the precursor methodologies did. Results comparisons against SEM and some other very popular synthetic turbulence models in some academic cases, proved that a reduce influence on the downstream flow was achieved. In most of the cases the friction coefficient Cf , used as a performance parameter, benefit by reducing the downstream developping zone by almost 50% in most cases, when compared against SEM. Another issue that has been tackled regards the unphysical pressure fluctuations present because of the synthetic turbulence, due to non perfectly constant mass-flow rate imposed in stochastic methodologies. The new methodology also showed an increased flexibility as it has been tested in embedded DDES simulation, by using the blending function to activate/deactivate it, and again it showed improved performances when compared against standard SEM.

Dans cette thèse, nous avons caractérisé chimiquement (métaux, EC, OC) les particules atmosphériques (PM10, PM2,5, PM1), étudié leurs sources et leur devenir puis modélisé leur comportement dynamique dans l’air intérieur de classes d’écoles du Nord Pas de Calais. Les teneurs en PM10 dépassent largement et presque systématiquement (moyenne de huit écoles : 97±28µg/m3) la valeur de gestion journalière (50µg/m3) pour l’air intérieur (recommandations OMS et ANSES). Les seuls éléments métalliques (Al, Ba, Ca, Fe) nettement associés à une source intérieure sont liés à l’utilisation de craie. Bien que l’on retrouve une quantité importante de particules d’origine extérieure dans les classes (trafic automobile, sources industrielles ou naturelles, …), les activités physiques des élèves sont à l’origine de la majeure partie des teneurs en PM10 en suspension dans l’air intérieur. Ce phénomène de remise en suspension n’influence pas significativement la répartition des métaux, majeurs et traces dans les PM10. La modélisation de l’évolution des teneurs en PM10 intérieures est clairement influencée par la présence d’activité dans les classes, nécessitant de prendre en compte les phénomènes de remises en suspension. De même, le comportement des particules est lié à la distribution granulométrique ainsi qu’aux caractéristiques intrinsèques du bâtiment qui contrôlent les échanges d’air avec l’extérieur. Le modèle déterministe développé dans ce travail permet une prédiction simple de l’évolution des concentrations en particules en fonction de leur distribution granulométrique dans les classes d’écoles. / During this thesis, we chemically characterized (metals, EC, OC) then studied the sources and the fate of airborne particles (PM10, PM2,5, PM1) in indoor air. Another part of this work concerns the modelization of their behavior in class-rooms of primary schools in the Nord Pas de Calais region. These PM10 values largely and almost systematically exceed (average value for eight schools: 97 ± 28μg/m3) the daily limit values (50μg/m3) for indoor air (WHO and ANSES recommendations). The only elements Al, Ba, Ca and Fe clearly associated to an indoor source are linked to the use of chalk. Although there is a significant amount of particles of outdoor origins found in class-rooms (such as traffic, industrial or natural sources), pupils’ physical activities represent the major source of airborne PM10 in indoor air. The resuspension phenomenon doesn’t influence significantly the elemental (major and traces elements) distribution of the indoor PM10.The modelization of the evolution of indoor PM10 is clearly influenced by the activities of the pupils in class-rooms, requiring taking into account the resuspension phenomena. In addition, the behavior of particles is associated to their size distribution as well as the intrinsic characteristics of the building envelope which control the indoor-outdoor air exchange.The deterministic model developed in this work will allow easily simulating the evolution of particle concentrations according to their size distribution in class-rooms.

Impact of forrest disturbance on the runoff in the central Šumava Mts. ABSTRACT The diploma thesis deals with the influence of forest disturbance, as for example wind and bark beetle calamities, to the runoff characteristics in the central Šumava Mountains. The analysis of five precipitation events and their runoff responses was applied to seven small experimental catchments with different stage of disturbance. Studied catchments were catchments fo Tmavý, Roklanský, Březnický, Javoří, Cikánský, Černohorský potok and Antýgl. Chosen precipitation events belong to the years 2009 and 2010 and to warm half year, when no snow cover can influence the runoff. Similarity of catchments was established by cluster analysis. For comparison of the reaction of single catchments to the same precipitation event was used simple comparison of precipitation and runoff data and waves. Key words: forest disturbance, central Šumava Mountains, rainfall-flow conditions, cluster analysis

The objective of the thesis is to propose management measures for a part of the Národní sad(National Orchard) area, in the Štramberk cadastral area. The town of Štramberk is situated in the foothills of the Beskydy Mountains, in the Moravian-Silesian Region, in the former district of Nový Jičín. The thesis describes the current situation in the area, including woody vegetation and technical elements, and proposes further care for the area. To facilitate the description and evaluation, the area has been divided into several segments. The proposal takes into account the strategic, tactical and operative planning levels. The thesis also includes a rough calculation of costs of urgent interventions. The management proposal consists of a text section, a spreadsheet section and a graphic section. The maps have been created using GIS software.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital heart disease in which the aorta witnesses localized obstruction. CoA can be fatal if left untreated. Endovascular stenting of CoA is an attractive treatment of choice in adolescents and adults; however, it can be associated with problems like stent malapposition and inappropriate stent expansion. The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of stent implantation on the hemodynamic factors in a patient with mild coarctation. Computational fluid dynamics was utilized to illustrate the hemodynamic factors like velocity distribution, wall shear stress, and trans-coarctation pressure drop in pre- and post-intervention states. These factors were used to assess the success of stent deployment in this patient. Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model is employed in this work to provide detailed information on hemodynamics in patient-specific preand post-intervention geometries of the aorta. The results of an in-house lumped parameter code, in which its input parameters are obtained from patient-specific clinical data, were applied as the boundary conditions in this study. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Gas turbines integrated with biomass gasification in a combined cycle power plant (Bio-IGCC) provide a path to power production with very high efficiency. Over 60% fuel-to-power efficiency has been demonstrated with natural gas. The fast ramp and relatively low cost make Bio-IGCC via gas turbines the ideal complement to intermittent power from wind turbines and PV cells. With stricter pollutant regulations and in order to promote the use of renewable fuels there is a great interest in improving fuel flexibility. An important feature of biomass gasification is that its properties vary depending on the feedstock and gasification principle and that the combustion characteristics are significantly different from conventional fuels. This makes it interesting to develop CFD models that can be used to simulate the combustion of syngas in existing gas turbines and for design optimization of new gas turbines.  The TECFLAM swirl burner geometry, which is designed to be representative of common gas turbine burners, was selected for an assessment of the differences between a typical hydrocarbon fuel and syngas. A two-stage approach was employed with development and validation of an advanced CFD model. The validated model was used to compare the flame shape and other characteristics of the flow between methane, 40% hydrogen enriched methane and four typical syngas compositions. The syngas compositions used are representative of practical gasification processes and biomass feedstocks. It was found that the syngas fuels experience lower swirl intensity due to high axial velocities that weaken the inner recirculation zone. A strong correlation was found between the laminar flame speed and the flame shape.  The simulation of a typical combustion geometry with syngas is quite demanding and requires a long computational time. In order to speed up the parametric analysis and to make it possible to test more configurations a Two-Step, One Way coupled method was assessed. This is a common approximation in CFD that is used to solve complex problems with limited computational resources. The test case used for the assessment was the CeCOST burner that uses strong swirl for flame stabilization. Only isothermal flow was investigated to eliminate the influence from flow – chemistry interactions. This method effectively divides the domain in two parts, one downstream and one upstream. The assumption behind this method is that the downstream part should not have a big influence on the upstream part and hence it could be solved separately. From the comparison it was found that the full solution and the approximations were in good qualitative agreement. However, there were some minor quantitative discrepancies, and it was proposed that the explanation for the differences could be the slightly different solution approaches that were used for the full simulation (URANS) and the two approximate solutions (RANS). The speed-up from using the approximate method was close to one order of magnitude.  However, because an artificial steady inlet cannot reproduce all the dynamic phenomena created by a swirler, for the continuation a full CeCOST domain was used. LES modelling was also employed to be able to identify smaller structures that would affect flame stability. Using LES and the Artificially Thickened Flame model, a syngas composition that relates to Black Liquor gasification was modelled. The flame front position using the CH2O mole fraction was estimated and it correlated well with the position estimated by the progress variable. The flame front position found by using the OH mole fraction was different to the two previous ones, predicting the hot part of the flame.

While the operating conditions are the main factors that influence engine design, it is important to understand ignition in any potential design to ensure reliable light-ability. Ignition probability maps can be generated, either experimentally or numerically, to inform design of ignition mechanisms. Recent models have been proposed to estimate ignition probability using non-reacting computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations. These models have not been applied to scramjet flame holding cavities. A qualitative model is described that uses tracer particles that probe CFD data and are removed when the conditions are adverse to flame survivability. The parameters that influence ignition are investigated by changing the criteria to define the flammable region. A quantitative model is developed based on a frozen flow assumption and the assumption that a region exists such that the geometry can be considered ignited if a flame is able to be propagated to this region. A virtual flame begin in this "ignition region" and propagates backwards in time to all the cells that would be successful if forward time was used. This model is implemented with an Eulerian and a Lagrangian scheme (IMIT and LIMIT, respectively). The results are compared to a previous coldlow model, I-CRIT-LES, on a low speed, lifted jet geometry and a supersonic cavity geometry. The models generate similar results on the jet case. A diffusion-like effect in IMIT allows the virtual flame to propagate over streamlines and into cells that the flame should not be able to reach. Thus the cavity ignition map generated by IMIT overpredicts ignition. The diffusion-like problem is solved by using particles following the streamlines. Therefore, LIMIT results match the qualitative experimental data in the cavity better than the other models.

The noise generated by jet engines represents a significant environmental concern that still needs to be addressed. Accurate and efficient numerical predictions are a key step towards reducing jet noise. The current standard in highidelity prediction of jet noise is large eddy simulation (LES), which resolves the large turbulent scales responsible for the low and medium frequency noise and models the smallest turbulent scales that correspond to the high frequency noise. While LES requires significant computational resources to produce an accurate solution, it fails to resolve the noise in the high frequency range, which cannot be simply ignored. To circumvent this, in this dissertation the Coupled LES-Synthetic Turbulent method (CLST) was developed to model the missing frequencies that relate to un-resolved sub-grid scale fluctuations in the flow. The CLST method combines the resolved, large-scale turbulent fluctuations from very large eddy simulations (VLES) with modeled, small-scale fluctuations from a synthetic turbulence model. The noise field is predicted using a formulation of the linearized Euler equations (LEE), where the acoustic waves are generated by source terms from the combined fluctuations of the VLES and the synthetic fields. This research investigates both a Fourier mode-based stochastic turbulence model and a synthetic eddy-based turbulence model in the CLST framework. The Fourier mode-based method is computationally less expensive than the synthetic eddy method but does not account for sweeping. Sweeping and straining of the synthetic fluctuations by large flow scales from VLES are accounted for in the synthetic eddy method. The two models are tested on a Mach 0.9 jet at a moderately-high Reynolds number and at a low Reynolds number. The CLST method is an efficient and viable alternative to high resolution LES or DNS because it can resolve the high frequency range in the acoustic noise spectrum at a reasonable expense.