The objective of this study was to review findings on effects of defoliation on quality of the white Vitis vinifera grape and to conduct a defoliation experiment. Based on the research of literature, there is an information on defoliation and its effects on grape in the theoretical part of the study. Main focus is on the defoliation as one of the grapevine´s canopy management practices and on particular grape quality characteristics which the defoliation affects. Results of the own experiment carried out on Rizling rýnsky variety are statistically analysed and presented in the second part of the study. Although only some of the actual findings on impact of defoliation on the quality and yield attributes of the grape are supported by the results of this experiment, defoliation is recommended as a viticulture practice worth trying. However, if someone wants to achieve particular results, it is important to choose the right model of the defoliation treatment (right timing, right intensity ...) considering many other factors influencing the quality of the grape.

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In this thesis the effect of foliar application of cytokinin to yield and qualitative parameters of poppy was observed. For the experimental part, two one-year experiments were conducted - small-plot experiment and pot experiment. Small-plot experiment had been designed in four variants: control, application of cytokinin in stage of beginning of upgrowth (BBCH 30) and stage before flowering (BBCH 61). Cytokininins were applicated in ratio of 2,75 g/ha. The inorganic plant analysis conducted after an application of cytokinins in BBCH 30 is due to their effect on the increase in dry matter to the impact of the increase in consumption of nutrients by plants. Cytokinins affected the branching poppy, which led to an increase in the number of capsules in the first variant (BBCH 30) of 11.5%, for the second variant (BBCH 61) of 46.2%. That resulted in increase of yield of 1.7, respectively 4.9 %, but not significantly. Yield closely correlated with the number of capsules, but not significantly Pot experiment in Mitscherlich's doses was designed in four variants: 1. control without application of cytokinins, 2. and 3. variant with application in stage BBCH 35, respectively BBCH 61 and 4. with double treatment (BBCH 35 + BBCH 61). The ration corresponded to 2.75 g cytokinin / ha in the 2. and 3. variants and 5.5 g / ha with split application in variant 4. It was observed the significant influence of cytokinins on yield of seed. While at variant with uniform doses of cytokinin seed production increased by 0.7 %, respectively 4.4 %, double application significantly reduced the yield by more than 50%. The HTS, the number and size of poppies contributed to yield. There was no observed effect of the application of cytokinins on the oil content in the poppy seeds.

This thesis discusses the use and effectiveness of fertilizers VIVE series of viticulture. For the experiment were selected white grape variety Chardonnay. This work includes four variants. Option 1 is the control and treatment without fertilizer. In Option 2 was used VIVE Super NPK fertilizer, in Option 3 it was fertilizer VIVE Super Ligno. In Option 4 was again used fertilizer VIVE Super NPK + wetting agent VIVE Wet and last option 5, it was fertilizer VIVE Ligno Super + wetting agent VIVE Wet. These variants were applied in the same terms and 28 days and 14 days before flowering. Then again 14 and 28 days after flowering. Comparison of all variants were performed on the base uvology and analytical values. Of uvology values measured weight of grapes from one bush, the weight of one grape, berry weight and 50 berries, and then even the weight of stem. The main indicators were selected analytical sugar content, acidity pH and assimilable nitrogen. Further analyzes were also performed sheets after the application of fertilizers. Results showed differences in nutrient content in the dry leaves between experimental and control variants fertilized variant. The best results in terms of nutrition were achieved in variants which used fertilizer VIVE Ligno Super Series. Compared with the control variant significantly increased the contents of macronutrients (+43,1%), secondary nutrients (78.4%) and micronutrients (+38.8%). It was demonstrated that the use of fertilizers to increase the yield of grapevine and reduced acidity. Achieving higher sugar after application of fertilizer series VIVE in this work confirmed, however, the yield increased. Preparations had a significant influence on the content of assimilable nitrogen, which is very important during fermentation must. Health status of grapes was good, which appeared in the analytical evaluation of pH, which is for all variants ranged from 3.16 to 3.21, but due to bad weather development was necessary to harvest crops early.

The harmful influences on plants are called stress factors. The stress itself does not slow down only vital functions of plants but influences directly the size and quality of final product as well. Worldwide, we count the so called abiotic stresses as the most significant crop production stressors. These include in recent years extremely high temperatures and unequal rainfall distribution both areal and during vegetation period. The water deficit (drought) belongs to the most important stress factors in agriculture. It influences crop production all over the world. Also vegetables are responsive to water deficit, especially the species with huge amount of water in their tissue. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to assess the impact of water stress on gas exchange and photosynthetic activity of mangold "Beta vulgaris", salad rocket "Eruca sativa" and lettuce "Lactuca sativa", which were placed at water deficit. The plants - mangold, salad rocket and lettuce - were grown in a partly controlled greenhouse conditions under the Department of Botany and Plant Physiology FAPPZ ČZU in Prague. The plants were grown at a temperature of 25°C in daytime and 18°C at night under natural light conditions. They were grown in containers of size of 11x11 cm in a mixture of garden substrate A and silica sand in the ration 2:1. The experimental scheme included two variants - control and stressed. The control group of plants was watered, and the second half of plants was left under stress for 22 days, when the water deficit was induced by gradual drying for one month, the experiment took place from 1.6 2015 to 22.6 2015. The speed of gas exchange by plants was measured by apparatus LCpro+. From the values of photosynthesis and transpiration water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll fluorescence were calculated. The gained results proved difference at reaction to water stress between observed kinds of leaf vegetables. The speed of photosynthesis and transpiration of observed plant species was measured, which decreased due to impact of water deficit. The average speed of photosynthesis of stressed plants was the lowest by lettuce (11,16 "mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1), contrarily the highest by mangold (13,2"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1). In case of control plants was the lowest speed of photosynthesis noticed by lettuce (12,03"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1) and the highest by mangold (14,00"mikro"mol CO2.m-2.s-1). In comparison with control group, the speed of photosynthesis of lettuce decreased significantly by impact of water deficit (difference make 7,23 %). On the other hand the lowest decrease of photosynthesis from stressed plants 5,93% was noticed for mangold. In case of speed of transpiration, it is possible to note, that the lowest transpiration of control group shows mangold with the average speed of transpiration 1,82 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1, by contrast the highest transpiration was measured by lettuce 3,20 mmol H2O. m-2.s-1. In the case of stressed plants moved the average speed of transpiration between 1,54 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 for lettuce and 1,79 (mmol H2O.m-2.s-1) for mangold. Also, between control and stressed plants of the same species were found differences, and salad rocket reacted to stress of drought more sensitively and mangold less sensitively. For these two plant species was noted decrease of transpiration in the amount of 23,80% and 1,76%. From the measured value of photosynthesis and transpiration was calculated water use efficiency (WUE). The calculated values show that stressed plants have higher value of WUE in comparison to control plants. The lowest water efficiency from control plants produced salad rocket (6.51 x 10-3), while the highest mangold (10.31 x 10-3). In the case of stressed plants was the lowest value of WUE noted for salad rocket (8.96 x 10-3), while for mangold was the highest (10.71 x 10-3). Chlorophyll fluorescence of the experimental plants was also measured. This characteristic was not influenced by plant species, because in case of control plants, there were no differences found between observed plant species. The lowest difference in value of fluorescence had plants of lettuce (0,69) while the highest mangold and salad rocket (0,7). In conclusion it is possible to note, that more sensitive to water deficit are plants of lettuce. As more tolerant to water deficit seems mangold and salad rocket.

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Influence of rootstock variety on nutrient intake and quality of selected PIWI variety The thesis looks into a research of the rootstocks and their influence on the minerals in various phenophases at two PIWI varieties (Hibernal and Cerason). Furthermore it deals with the influence of the rootstocks on the qualitative parameters (sugar content, acids, assimilable nitrogen). The research was implement on an experiment in the school vineyard of Mendel University, Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice. There is a suitable advice to the various rootstocks in a conclusion.

This thesis deals with the evaluation of defoliation of vineyards with respect to determination of extent of leaf area reduction in the varieties Hibernal, Zweigeltrebe and Cabernet Moravia. The experiment was conducted in 2013 at the experimental sites in the cadastral area of Lednice in Moravia and Rakvice. The development of leaf area was evaluated by ADC device BioScientific Ltd. during three periods (June, July, August) in the phenological stages of flowering phenological stages of fruit development and ripening of the fruit phenological stages. From the measured data was determined leaf area index (LAI) and the extent of defoliation. Using analytical methods parameters of quality grapes were evaluated - the sugar content, pH, acidity, assimilable nitrogen, and others in order to determine the optimal time of reduction in leaf area of a vine. Part of this work was also the evaluation of operating costs for Defoliator.

Importance of precise estimation for tree biomass in forests has been continuously increasing. Regarding to the climate change, scientists have started to quantify all tree components not only in terms of energetic utilization but also for carbon stock estimation. Increasing relevance of biomass models for young trees relates to expanding area of young forest stands during the last period due to decay of old forests often caused by disturbances (especially: windstorms, outbreaks of bark beetles, drought episodes, and forest fires). Models for biomass stock estimations constructed for stands with age to 10 years are rare and usually are focused on aboveground tree parts. Thus, this work aims at filling knowledge gaps in this field. Its main objectives are: 1) construction of regression models applicable for estimation of dry mass in the particular tree components (i.e. stem, branches, foliage, roots) for young stands of some broadleaved species, 2) implementation of regression models for calculation of biomass conversion and expansion factors (BCEF), allocation coefficient, growth efficiency and leaf area index (LAI) and their inter-specific comparison, 3) utilisation of allometric relations for estimation on forage potential for ruminating ungulate game (i.e. browsing and stripping). To make up the models, destructive tree sampling will be implemented. The sample trees will be excavated, separated into tree components, dried for constant weight and weighed. Log-transformed relationships will be used for construction of regression models.