La combustion en boucle chimique (CLC) est une nouvelle technologie prometteuse, qui implique la séparation inhérente du dioxyde de carbone (CO2) avec une perte minimale d'énergie. Un transporteur d'oxygène est utilisé pour le transfert de l'oxygène en continu du "réacteur air" vers le "réacteur fuel" où l'oxygène est apporté au combustible. Ainsi, le contact direct entre l'air et le combustible est évité. Le gaz résultant est riche en CO2 et n'est pas dilué avec de l'azote. Le transporteur d'oxygène réduit est ensuite transporté vers le "réacteur air" afin d'être ré-oxydé, formant ainsi une boucle chimique.Ce manuscrit présente des études conduites en utilisant une nouvelle configuration de CLC de 10 kWth construite pour étudier une large gamme de conditions opératoires. Cette unité met en oeuvre le concept des lits fluidisés interconnectés en utilisant des vannes-en-L pour contrôler le débit de solide et des siphons pour minimiser les fuites de gaz. L'hydrodynamique de la circulation de solide a été étudiée sur une maquette froide et un pilote chaud. Un modèle de la circulation du solide a ensuite été développé sur le principe du bilan de pression.L'hydrodynamique de la phase gaz dans le réacteur a été étudiée expérimentalement en utilisant la distribution des temps de séjour (DTS). Un modèle hydrodynamique a été développé sur le principe du lit fluidisé bouillonnant à deux phases. La combustion du méthane a été étudiée avec NiO/NiAl2O4 comme transporteur d'oxygène. De bonnes performances de combustion et de captage de CO2 ont été atteintes. Un modèle de réacteur a été finalement mis au point en utilisant le modèle hydrodynamique du lit fluidisé bouillonnant développé précédemment et en adaptant un schéma réactionnel à cette configuration / Chemical looping combustion (CLC) is a promising novel combustion technology involving inherent separation of carbon dioxide with minimum energy penalty. An oxygen carrier is used to continuously transfer oxygen from the air reactor to the fuel reactor where the oxygen is delivered to burn the fuel. Consequently, direct contact between the air and the fuel is prevented. The resulting flue gas is rich in CO2 without N2 dilution. The reduced oxygen carrier is then transported back to the air reactor for re-oxidation purposes, hence forming a chemical loop.This dissertation presents studies conducted on a novel 10 kWth CLC configuration built to investigate a wide range of conditions. The system employs concept of interconnected bubbling fluidized beds using L-valves to control solid flow rate and loop-seals to maximize gas tightness. Hydrodynamics of solid circulation was investigated with a cold flow prototype and a high temperature pilot plant in a wide temperature range. A solid circulation model was developed based on the experimental results using the pressure balance principle. Hydrodynamic of the gas phase in the reactors was investigated through RTD studies. A hydrodynamic model was then developed based on the two phase model of bubbling fluidized beds. Methane Combustion was experimentally studied in the pilot plant using NiO/NiAl2O4 oxygen carriers. Good combustion performances and CO2 capture efficiency were achieved. A reactor model was finally developed using the previously developed hydrodynamic model of bubbling fluidized bed and adapting a reaction scheme

Superheaters suffer large material loss during combustion of waste and biomass, causing a short life time for these expensive components. During combustion, corrosive ash particles are formed and erosion is caused by circulating bed material and sand particles, all contributing to the material loss. This study examines whether corrosion or erosion has the largest effect on this material loss by investigating two superheaters in loop seal during biomass and waste combustion of an 85 MW, Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler in Händelö. The samples were investigated by SEM/EDX and XRD with regard to material loss and corrosion products. The superheaters have different thermal conditions since the material temperature in the first superheater that the steam passes is lower than in the one that comes after. In this report, a model to determine the tube temperature in steam boiler superheaters is also described due to the fact that the local tube temperature is of great importance of condensation of corrosive gases such as KCl and NaCl. Material loss was significantly greater on the cooler superheater compared with the warmer. The material temperatures on the outside of the tubes, were calculated to be about 574 °C for the cooler superheater and about 617°C for the warmer superheater. Overall, all analyzes showed low levels of corrosive substances, although there was a certain corrosion tendency, which indicates that material loss of the superheaters is caused by corrosion-assisted erosion. Lower material temperature of the superheater resulted in a higher degree of condensation of corrosive species such as alkali chlorides, which might have accelerated the erosion. The conclusion is that the dominant mechanism of material loss on the superheaters is erosion.