The survey presented in this thesis focused on germination of six orchid species in the Protected landscape area White Carpathians; specifically Platanthera bifolia, Neottia ovata, Anacamptis pyramidalis, Gymnadenia conopsea subsp. conopsea, Traunsteinera globosa, Orchis militaris on restored medows of various age. As the control, two National Protected Areas (Zahrady pod Hájem and Čertoryje) were used. The initial stage of germination was detected on both restored and control meadows. The advanced stage of germination (protocorm) was recorded in three species (GC, NO, PB) on restored meadows, and in all species on kontrol meadows. The other aim of the thesis was to determine via molecular methods, which species of mycorrhizal fungi are associated with the model orchid species.

Traditionally managed temperate semi-natural meadows are generally considered as one of the most diverse habitats worldwide. During the past decades, management changes and abandonment of meadows pose serious threats to communities of both flowering plants and pollinators. However, the extent to which are pollinators affected by changes in floral resources still remain unknown. To investigate the effect of floral resources on visitation specialization, species richness and abundance of hoverflies, pollination networks from 13 meadows in the Železné hory PLA were constructed and analysed. Moreover, patterns were recorded on two spatial scales, in transects and in the whole meadows. To specify the specialization of hoverfly pollinators, unvisited plant species and all resources present on a site (transect/meadow), offered by plants as floral abundance and nectar rewards, was added in the networks. Relationships between plant species richness, floral abundance and nectar sugar production were positively correlated with visitation specialization of hoverflies on the meadow scale. Species richness and abundance of hoverflies was affected by floral resources on the transect scale, unlike the specialization of hoverflies. The usage of extended network indices may act as an improvement towards the better...

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This study presents a detailed evaluation of long-term climatic data obtained from the meteorological station at Mokré louky wetland by Třeboň. A method for evaluation of dependence of air temperature on precipitation cycle is proposed and applied. The data from Mokré louky are compared with data from other meteorological stations in Czech Republic as well as in Europe and surroundings. The obtained results confirm a strong dependency of solar radiation reaching the Earth surface and dependently also the air temperature on the precipitation cycle. They represent in this way a fresh point of view on reasons for climate change, where the climate change is considered to be caused by a gradual decrease of permanent vegetation and current global desertification of continents.

This thesis is part of Project of the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No P504/11/1151, focused on the role of plants in the balance of carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases produced in the ecosystem of a sedge fen, which is situated on the study site Wet Meadows near Třeboň. The thesis deals with the growth dynamics of the dominant sedge, Carex acuta. The samples were taken using the method of successive harvests near the automatic meteorological station of Czech Globe, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. During the growing season nine harvests were accomplished on 25.3, 15.4, 6.5, 5.6., 9.7., 5.8., 9.9., 21.10., 25.11.. On each date eight replicates were taken, i.e., a total of 72 samples within the vegetation season. The seasonal dynamic of the above ground biomass was compared between C. acuta and the other plant species on the experimental area. Both live and dead biomass, was harvested and subsequently sorted to single botanic species, dried, weighed and the values were processed using the MS Excel tables. The seasonal maximum of aboveground biomass of all plant species (both live and dead parts) was found on 9.7. (1452,72 g.m-2). Among plant species the highest values of aboveground biomass were attained by Calamagrostis canescens (1257,93 g.m-2) and C. acuta (1163,49 g.m-2). C. acuta displayed the highest density of all shoots on 15.4 (300 m-2),and the highest average weight of one shoot. The maximum length of the longest live shoot of Carex acuta was very consistent among the measurememnts.

Biotopes associated with railway corridor in valley of the river Tichá Orlice (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) ABSTRACT Expansion, invasion or decline of plant species caused by environmental changes belong to the most important phenomenons associated with vegetation cover development. In spite of their often initiation by human activities the above mentioned processes continue then spontaneously and uncontrollably. This study is concentrated to the effect of these mechanisms on the biotope structure along the Tichá Orlice River (Eastern Bohemia, Czech Republic) - in its lowland landscape segment of the canyon character where the second axis of the valley (river flow is the first one) is created by railway line more than 150 years of local history. The case study has the general aim: to treat the present and/or future impact of described trends to plant biota and the degree of its influencing. My diploma thesis investigates functional impact and mutual interaction of the two main migration pathways of exotic species - the T.Orlice river and the railway corridor. It presents qualitative and quantitative changes in plant components of local (semi)natural biotopes by mean of interrelationships among selected ecological groups of species (neophytes, expansive species, and ephemeroids). At the same time, this...

Semi-natural grasslands of the eastern Moravia have big potential to host species-rich plant communities. However, changes in land-use during the second half of the last century were rapid and vast and many grasslands had been ploughed over. In the early 80s some arable lands were sown with low diversity clover-grass mixture and transferred back to grassland. Restoration of grasslands on former arable fields is a major challenge. Their colonisation by grassland species may be complicated by initial seeding productive low diversity seed mixtures. The aim of this study was to estimate differences in species composition and species diversity between ex-arable artificially seeded grasslands and fragments of grasslands with continuity over 70 years in the north part of White Carpathian Mts., SE Czech Republic and identify species traits limiting species ability to colonize the ex-arable grasslands. Target plant species (total of 137) were surveyed on 66 grasslands. Surveyed grasslands were according to continuity and type of management. Coordinates of centroids from each polygon (i. e. surveyed grassland) were used to treat the spatial correlation of the surveyed grasslands. The effect of continuity on species composition and diversity was tested after accounting for differences in the management and...

Though succession is a widely studied process, there are only a few reports dealing with changes in plant functional types in the course of succession. Even fewer studies are dealing with agricultural, wet meadows, which are under continuous impact of mowing. The aim of this work is to fill this gap. The studied area is situated in south part of CHKO Slavkovský Les (region of Karlovy Vary, West Bohemia). In previous works grasslands on arable field after 15, 35 and 55 years after abandoned and continual grasslands in last 100 years were detected from historical agriculture maps. The releves on all types of grassland were made and the species pool was investigated. I this work I investigate the functional types and live-history traits of these species and I also look for Ellenberger values and changes of abiotic environment. The result suggests that the late - successional species are long-lived and have slower live cycle (they mature later). Their seeds are less persistent and have worse dispersal ability. Their seedlings are more viable and the species invest more to aboveground biomass than to underground. Late-successional species also flower earlier and shorter time, what seems to be an adaptation to mowing. I found no relationship between successional age in which the species occur and seed mass,...