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Une cellule reçoit en permanence des signaux de son environnement. Cette stimulation induit une cascade de signalisation activant un programme génique et protéomique dynamique aboutissant à une réponse cellulaire adaptée. Dans la leucémie lymphoïde chronique (LLC), la stimulation du récepteur à l’antigène induit un programme et une réponse anormale à l’origine de la prolifération leucémique. Notre objectif est de caractériser ce programme cellulaire pathologique. Pour cela, nous avons mis en place un modèle de stimulation afin de reproduire ex vivo cette stimulation du récepteur à l’antigène de cellules primaires issues de patients porteurs de LLC et d’activer ce programme cellulaire. Nous avons alors analysé la dynamique transcriptionnelle et protéomique activée dans ces cellules afin de caractériser les anomalies de ce programme. Cette étude nous a permis de mettre en évidence la spécificité de ce programme prolifératif et de caractériser les gènes clés de ce programme tumoral. Ces gènes constituent de potentielles cibles thérapeutiques innovantes. / A cell constantly receives signals from its environment. This stimulation induces a signalling cascade activating a dynamic genic and proteomic program, leading to an adapted cellular response. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), an antigen receptor stimulation induces a program and an abnormal response behind leukemic proliferation. Our aim was to characterize the pathological cell program. To achieve this, we have implemented a stimulation model to reproduce ex vivo antigen receptor stimulation of primary cells from CLL patients and activate this cellular program. We then analyzed the transcriptional and proteomic dynamics activated in these cells in order to characterize the abnormalities of this program. This study allows us to highlight the specificity of this proliferative program and to identify key genes of tumor program. These genes constitute potential new therapeutic targets.

A previous population-based study of survival in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) patients in the province of Manitoba demonstrated a lower five-year relative survival among CLL patients compared with the age- and gender-adjusted general population. This decreased relative survival was most pronounced among elderly male CLL patients. In this study, we have demonstrated that the reduced five-year relative survival observed in CLL patients compared to the general population of Manitoba may partially be attributed to increased risk of second cancers and non-referral to specialized CLL clinics. The increased risk of second cancers in CLL patients compared to Follicular Lymphoma (FL), a similar indolent B cell malignancy, was only observed after CLL diagnosis indicating that a CLL-specific factor may be responsible for the increased risk of second cancers in these patients. The risk of second cancers is independent of treatment and surveillance bias but is further increased with chemotherapy. A superior outcome in CLL patients who have been referred to the CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB) specialized CLL clinic was observed that was independent of age, gender, treatment and history of previous cancers. This superior outcome was most pronounced in the elderly CLL patients. We propose that CLL patients should be referred to CLL-specific hematologists and, where not possible, that guidelines created by such experts be followed. Appropriate screening for second cancers should be performed during routine follow up of CLL patients.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2006. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.