Thesis (Ph.D.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-102).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-112). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document / Thesis (PhD (Mechanical Engineering))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering / unrestricted

With the increase in the application of ultra-precision manufactured parts and the absence of much participation of researchers in ultra-high precision grinding of optical glasses which has a high rate of demand in the industries, it becomes imperative to garner a full understanding of the production of these precision optics using the above-listed technology. Single point inclined axes grinding configuration and Box-Behnken experimental design was developed and applied to the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass. A high sampling acoustic emission monitoring system was implemented to monitor the process. The research tends to monitor the ultra-high precision grinding of BK7 glass using acoustic emission which has proven to be an effective sensing technique to monitor grinding processes. Response surface methodology was adopted to analyze the effect of the interaction between the machining parameters: feed, speed, depth of cut and the generated surface roughness. Furthermore, back propagation Artificial Neural Network was also implemented through careful feature extraction and selection process. The proposed models are aimed at creating a database guide to the ultra-high precision grinding of precision optics.

The development of unmanned machining systems has been a recent focus of manufacturing research. Computer Numerical Control (CNC) units, which monitor and control many tightly coupled machining tasks, are inseparable parts of the unmanned manufacturing system. This thesis addresses the detailed design and analysis of a modular CNC system for a milling machine. The feed drive control system of the machine tool is thoroughly studied. The mathematical model for the feed drive control system, which consists of a motion controller, power amplifiers and DC-servo motors, is developed and experimentally verified. A method of estimating cutting forces from current drawn by feed drive motors is developed. The viability of the current sensor as a feeding-force sensing component is illustrated and experimentally tested on the milling machine. Successful application of the current sensor to tool breakage detection in milling operation is presented. The performance of the multi-axis contouring system in precision machining is discussed. The contouring errors induced by feed drive positioning systems in CNC machine tools is investigated using the state space model of the CNC system. The influence of the cutting force on the accuracy of machining is shown to be negligible for feed drives driven by ball leadscrews. Various control strategies for the improvement of machining accuracy are tested in the simulation studies. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mechanical Engineering, Department of / Graduate

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Engineering, 2016 / This research is focused on optimizing the surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V using advanced carbide inserts and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL). Experiments were designed to machine twenty Ti-6Al-4V blocks under dry and MQL lubricating conditions using innovative cemented carbide inserts produced by Liquid Phase Sintering (LPS) and Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, were considered as machining parameters, while the cutting force, temperature, tool wear, surface roughness and residual stress were considered as performance characteristics. The results obtained for surface roughness and residual stress measurements were used to analyze the surface integrity of the machined Ti-6Al-4V samples. The influence of sintering techniques and milling parameters on performance characteristics and surface integrity were investigated from experimental results obtained. Discrepancy in behavioral trends with respect to lubricating conditions was also investigated. The analyses of milling results showed that cutting speed played a major role in the optimization of surface integrity of the Ti-6Al-4V work pieces followed by the depth of cut. The results also showed that the LPS inserts performed better than the SPS inserts due to their better mechanical properties (higher fracture toughness (KIC) and transverse rupture strength). The application of MQL was also observed to significantly reduce milling temperatures resulting in better surface integrity. However, an optimized surface integrity of the Ti-6Al-4V samples was achieved during MQL milling with the 10Co-L insert at a low finishing speed of 75m/minute and a reduced depth of cut of 0.5mm.

Monitoring, diagnosis and prediction of failures play key roles in automatic supervision of machine tools. They have received much attention because of the potential for reduced maintenance expenses, down time, and an increase in the equipment utilization level. At present, signal analysis techniques are predominantly used. But methods involving system analysis are capable of providing more reliable information, especially for predictive applications of supervision. System analysis involves comprehensive analytical models combined with techniques developed in control theory, and experimental modal analysis. The primary objective of this research is to develop a methodology to monitor critical physical parameters of mechanical systems, which are difficult to measure directly. These parameters are inherent features of constitutive rigid body models. A method for computer aided model generation developed in this thesis leads to a gray box model structure by which physical parameters can be estimated from experimental data. Lagrange's energy formalism, linear algebra and homogenous transformations are used to promote parsimonious three-dimensional model building. A software environment allowing symbolic and arbitrary precision computations facilitates efficient mapping of physical properties of the actual system into specific quantities of the analytical model. Six different methods are postulated and analyzed in this thesis to estimate physical parameters such as masses, stiffnesses and damping coefficients. Implementation of this methodology is a prerequisite for the design of an on-line monitoring and diagnosis system, which can detect and predict process faults. Two mechanical systems are used to validate the proposed methods: (1) A simple multi degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system and (2) a machine tool spindle assembly. A practical application of physical parameter estimation is proposed for preload monitoring in high-speed spindles. Preload variations in the bearing can lead to thermal instability and bearing seizure. The feasibility of using accelerometers located on the spindle housing to estimate bearing preload is evaluated. The optimal environment for continuation of this research is collaboration with machine tool companies to incorporate the proposed methodology (or parts of it) into current design practices. / Graduation date: 1999

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1964 L735 / Master of Science

O aumento da produtividade é sem dúvida um dos maiores desafios para a indústria de manufatura. Neste sentido, a vibração tem se apresentado ao longo das últimas décadas como um dos principais limitantes para a melhoria da produtividade, especialmente em operações de usinagem. Nos últimos anos muitas pesquisas foram conduzidas com o objetivo de suprimir ou minimizar os efeitos causados pelo fenômeno de vibrações regenerativas ou chatter. Este trabalho contribui propondo o desenvolvimento de um método para minimizar os efeitos da vibração em operações de torneamento por meio da variação dinâmica de parâmetros de corte relacionados com a área da seção de corte. No presente estudo optou-se pela operação de torneamento cilíndrico e a atuação dinâmica na profundidade de usinagem. Uma análise teórica e uma verificação das condições técnicas necessárias para a aplicação do método proposto são apresentadas. Além disso, simulações numéricas foram realizadas para verificação dos modelos analíticos e correlação com os ensaios práticos. Finalmente, utilizou-se o método em um processo de usinagem real e os resultados demonstram que é possível minimizar consideravelmente os efeitos do fenômeno de chatter variando dinamicamente a profundidade de usinagem sem afetar a qualidade final da peça usinada. / Improve productivity is with no doubts one of the greatest challenges for manufacturing industries nowadays. In that way, chatter vibrations has been arisen in last decades as a major limiting issue for productivity, especially on machining operations. In the last years many investigations has been carried out to suppress or minimize chatter vibrations effects on machining. In this work a development of a method to minimize chatters vibrations on turning operations by dynamically variation of cross section of the chip is proposed. Cylindrical turning operation was selected as the main target for this study and depth of cut as the parameter to be dynamically varied. A theoretical and essentials technical features analyses to apply the proposed method on a market machine tool are. Furthermore, numerical simulations were performed to validate and correlate analytical model to practical experiments. Finally, the proposed model was applied on real machining process and the results show that it is possible to substantially minimize the chatter vibration phenomenon by dynamically variation on depth of cut without affect the surface finishing.