The seafaring people of Madura, situated off the northeastern coast of Java, are one of the leading maritime groups in the Indonesian archipelago. They have played a major role in indigenous shipping, and since the second half of the nineteenth century their importance in this field has been second only to that of the Bugis and Makassarese. With their strong maritime orientation and outward economy, the coastal Madurese contrast strongly with the agricultural orientation of their near neighbours, the Javanese and the Balinese. The first part of this thesis presents the Madurese in historical context vis-his the Javanese and the maritime groups of Sulawesi. It then considers the various historical and cultural-ecological factors which predisposed the coastal Madurese toward seafaring as a livelihood, and which enabled them to eclipse their former rivals along the north coast of Java. The main seafaring centres of Madura during the twentieth century are identified, with these being in three distinct locations: the northwest coast, the southwest coast, and the eastern islands of Madura. Special attention is paid to the two major commodities carried by traditional Madurese vessels, salt and cattle, leading up to a more detailed consideration of the major transport commodity from the 1960s until the present, timber. The second part of thesis focuses on the role of the Madurese in the Java Sea timber trade. A key aspect of this account is the struggle between timber importers and the state. The legal aspects of the movement of timber are explained, along with their economic significance for importers and vessel operators, and the changing degree of compliance with the law from the early 1970s to the much stricter enforcement after the mid-1990s. From the late 1990s until 2003 the focus becomes closer to reveal the inner workings of the timber trade, with special attention paid to the rise of 'wild' ports on the isolated north coast of Madura, as well as the difficulties faced by many Madurese vessel operators after the ethnic conflict in Central Kalimantan in 2001. The profitability and risks of the perahu operators and timber traders are explained, and career profiles of several prominent individuals are presented. The study ranges widely in its setting, including maritime villages around Madura, perahu ports in Java, and timber ports in Kalimantan. It concludes that the traditional approach to business of the Madurese is no longer appropriate, and that diversification and change of approach are now necessary. The maritime entrepreneurs of East Madura have in this respect been more successful than their counterparts in West Madura, and it is suggested that this difference is linked to historical differences between the two areas.

Thesis (doctoral)--Katholieke Universiteit te Nijmegen, 1982. / "Stellingen" ([1] leaf) inserted at end. With an English summary. Bibliography: p. 211-215.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rijksuniversiteit te Leiden, 1921.

Magíster en Psicología Clínica Adultos / Esta investigación se realizó en el segundo semestre del año 2015, en la ciudad de La Serena. Su propósito fue conocer cómo es la crisis de la mediana edad en una pareja desde la comprensión junguiana. Es un estudio cualitativo interpretativo, paradigma post positivista. Se analizaron los siguientes ejes: Comprensión de la pareja desde la elección inicial/persona/máscara; Estado de individuación al inicio del compromiso matrimonial; Estado del proceso de individuación de los miembros de la pareja; Hermenéutica analítica-simbólica en ambos miembros; Situación actual de la pareja en el proceso terapéutico: Punto de inflexión; Es posible alcanzar la conjunción?; Mirada mitológica de la pareja; Posibilidades terapéuticas para Mónica y Alonso hacia el camino de la Integración. Como enfoque metodológico se utilizó el análisis de contenido en un estudio de caso. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad y registro de observación hasta lograr lo que ambos participantes querían decir exactamente; reformular lo que dijeron, pedir confirmación; indagar por ejemplo, sobre algún gesto, silencio, interrupción, comentario, emoción. Posterior al análisis de contenidos, se contrastaron los resultados con la literatura existente sobre el tema. Los resultados de la investigación son concordantes con la conceptualización de la crisis de la mediana edad desde el pensamiento Junguiano. También se observa una coincidencia en la elección de pareja y su posterior proceso de decepción, realidad que comienza desde el inicio del establecimiento de la pareja

No description available.

The ulama in Madura are an inseparable part of the local social structure. Their strategic position has given them an excellent opportunity to exercise a leadership role in the local context. The ulama's niche in the social order of the village and the forces that participate in the process of change can be seen through a study of village religion in a historical context. More specifically, this study examines village religion in a contemporary setting, and focuses on the internal structure of the villages and their relations to the outside world. The ulama play an important role in a number of domains, and thus occupy a central position in society. Indeed, their religious leadership has nurtured the emergence of complex networks of followers and colleagues which have, over time, sustained the stability of the ulama's leadership role in the face of social and political vicissitudes.

Proefschrift--Leyden. / "Stellingen" : ii p. laid in. Bibliography at end of each chapter.

Proefschrift--Utrecht. / "Stellingen": 2 leaves laid in. "Litteratuur": p. [231]-243.

Th.--Histoire--Paris--EHESS, 1993. / Bibliogr. p. 385-399. Index.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Murdoch University, 2007. / Thesis submitted to the Division of Arts. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 300-313).