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In recent years, there has been a continual tendency by governments worldwide to impose regulatory controls on the marketing practices of multinational pharmaceutical firms. This trend is most evident in the developing countries, where the business conduct of the pharmaceutical industry has been subject to intense examination, particularly during the last two decades. This paper traces the political experience in one developing country, Pakistan, as a professed socialist government disallowed the use of brand names for pharmaceuticals and limited the products marketed by introducing a national formulary. An accounting of this experience can be valuable to governments contcmplating controls in similar pharmaceutical marketing environments and also to worldwide pharmaceutical companies, pharmaceutical middlemen, and doctors confronted with similar regulatory movements.

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This study highlights the importance of relationships in the marketing of services. Relationship constructs such as Trust, Affective Commitment, and Continuance Commitment are operationalized in a marketing context and used as dependent variables in an empirical study of differences in how males and females approach relationships with three types of service providers (primary care physicians, automobile mechanics, and hairstylists). The data show that females seek more trust and commitment within the service provider/customer relationship than males. Also, consumers in general place more trust in and are more committed to their doctor and their hairstylist than to their mechanic.

Analytical framework can help marketers determine the competitive strengths and weaknesses of hospitals.

The dot.com crash has caused confusion about the practices and potential of E-business. IT managers are at a loss for practical methods that integrate strategic and operational efforts into a systematic E-business strategy, which is hindering the effective use of the E-business model. This article presents a Baldrige-based, rapid assessment implementation methodology for directing and integrating the different facets of E-business activities, resources, and decisions into a practical organizational strategy. the results from two pilot programs illustrate that this methodology is practical and contributes to the success and viability of E-business initiatives.