No description available.

The object of this investigation was the experimental investigation of the hydraulics of a flow-through manhole with one lateral connection. An attempt was made to use the conservation of momentum principle to develop a mathematical relationship which satisfied the data obtained in the model study. Three forms of the momentum equation were developed by statistical evaluation of loss coefficients. The best of the three equations was chosen on the basis of its ability to predict flow depths and its consistency with hydraulic concepts. A procedure was then developed for using this equation to obtain a value of the required outlet pipe invert 'drop for a given set of flow conditions. The use of the procedure was illustrated by the solution of an example problem·of a system of three pipes. / Master of Science

no abstract provided by author / Master of Science

No description available.

Ruins have always fascinated me. These eerie, abandoned, man made buildings, hold you in awe. Buildings no longer in use, tell their story through whatever remains. What does one do with the ruins? Preserve, destroy or reinterpret? How do you build with ruins? How much do you destroy? How much do you retain? How do you build anew? One such ruin is that of McMillan Sand Filtration Plant in Washington DC. A completely utilitarian structure, with a huge grid of columns covered with a roof spread over 25 acres of land. What appears from the eye level as a 25 acre lawn with a grid of manholes, interspersed with two rows of gigantic concrete towers, is actually a water purification plant that used a slow sand filtration process (purifying water by passing it through sand and gravel) to supply potable drinking water. The grids (of columns and manholes) are the most striking features. When the manhole covers are opened, they cast a pattern of light on the floor. The manhole grid itself can be interpreted as a grid of skylights. Furthermore, there are various extents of deterioration this purification plant has undergone, due to which the grids are presented in a variety of ways: As a grid of columns with the roof of manholes (structure intact); As a grid of columns without the roof (columns not strong enough to hold the roof); As a collapsed structure/ mass of earth (complete state of deterioration). Though water was the essence, the very reason why this plant was in existence, today this piece of land lies parched and thirsty. Much was happening on this seemingly calm piece of land. I wanted to bring out its essence, reveal its grids, the unending array of columns, the play of light and shade they caused and most importantly, I wanted to bring water back to where it belonged. This thesis also explores the possibility of building on/with the 'old' in a strong existing context by introducing a shift/rotation in the grid and with the help of material and texture. / Master of Architecture

Urban flood models are an important tool in designing and analyzing municipalities sewer drainage systems and predicting the effect of potential extent and depth of future floods. In urban areas, coupled 1D-2D flood models are particularly useful as they can represent the surface- and sewer system and their interactions. But it iss common practice to simplify the sewer system by only simulating water exchange between both systems at manholes while neglecting the effect of grate inlets. To investigate the effect grate inlet representations have in flood models, the simulation results of different models created in the software MIKE FLOOD with the number of nodes and inlet sizes adjusted according to the location of actual grate inlets were compared. In addition, a comparison between the flood modeling softwares MIKE FLOOD and FLO-2D was performed, based on a case study in Motala.. It was found that both MIKE FLOOD and FLO-2D can predict similar flood propagation and maximum water depths. The MIKE FLOOD models predicted larger amounts of drained water via the sewer system. This was likely caused by the extra water added through water level correction in the MIKE FLOOD models combined with numerical instabilities in the FLO-2D sewer models. Adjusting the number and dimensions of nodes according to actual grate inlets proved to have little effect on the predicted maximum surface water depths. But it did result in decreased drainage capacity together with less sewer inflow compared to the models neglecting grate inlets. The inlet representation did have a significant effect on predicted flood durations, with the models neglecting grate inlets having shorter flood durations in downstream areas and longer flood durations in upstream areas compared to the other models. It was also found that that the effect inlet node representations has on flood durations heavily depends on their locations with nodes located in water gathering areas such as depressions with ponding water having the most effect.