Zugl.: Mannheim, Univ. Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Weber, Lars Hendrik: Die @analoge Anwendung der Gründungsvorschriften des GmbH-Gesetzes auf die Verwendung einer Mantel- oder Vorratsgesellschaft

Universiẗat, Diss.-2006--Freiburg, 2005. / Literaturverz. S. [258] - 273.

Universiẗat, Diss. u.d.T.: Die analoge Anwendung der Gründungsvorschriften des GmbH-Gesetzes auf die Verwendung einer Mantel- oder Vorratsgesellschaft--Mannheim, 2007.

Submitted by Valquíria Barbieri (kikibarbi@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-12T17:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Thiago Henrique Lapa Oliveira Souza.pdf: 1606440 bytes, checksum: 145412aa311c87f2f916b4ff86921fda (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2018-04-26T17:57:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Thiago Henrique Lapa Oliveira Souza.pdf: 1606440 bytes, checksum: 145412aa311c87f2f916b4ff86921fda (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-26T17:57:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Thiago Henrique Lapa Oliveira Souza.pdf: 1606440 bytes, checksum: 145412aa311c87f2f916b4ff86921fda (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-02 / CAPES / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar se a variação na composição da comunidade de peixes em riachos é mais bem explicada por variáveis ambientais, por filtros espaciais, ou por ambos. Assim como verificar a relação da diversidade beta com a heterogeneidade ambiental e extensão espacial e a correlação da substituição de espécies com distâncias ambientais e espaciais. Espera-se que a variação na composição de espécies de peixes seja mais bem explicada por fatores ambientais dentro de cada sub-bacia (escala local) e que filtros espaciais ganhem maior importância na explicação da variação na comunidade de peixes em escala regional. Considerando a dissimilaridade na composição de espécies, espera-se que riachos mais distantes apresentem maior dissimilaridade na composição de espécies, enquanto que riachos ambientalmente mais similares possuam composição de espécies também mais similares. Em relação à diversidade beta, espera-se que seja maior em microbacias com maior heterogeneidade ambiental e espacial. Para determinação da estrutura espacial, a partir da distância geográfica, variáveis espaciais foram geradas a partir da Análise de Coordenadas Principais de Matrizes de Vizinhanças. Para determinação das variáveis ambientais e filtros espaciais mais importantes, foi utilizada a Análise de Redundância parcial, seguida da técnica de partição de variâncias para estimar as frações de explicação exclusivas de cada conjunto de variáveis, espaciais e ambientais, mais significantes. A diversidade beta, a heterogeneidade ambiental e a extensão espacial foram calculadas por meio da análise de homogeneidade multivariada de dispersão entre grupos. Para verificar a dependência espacial e ambiental da substituição de espécies, o teste de Mantel parcial foi utilizado. Foi estudado um total de 59 riachos e 15.101 indivíduos pertencentes a 93 espécies. Para toda bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, a variação na comunidade de peixes foi explicada por variáveis ambientais (adjR2=0.08) e por filtros espaciais de escala mais ampla (adjR2=0.08). A substituição de espécies foi relacionada à dissimilaridade ambiental e a distância geográfica para maior escala entre todas as sub-bacias, porém essa a relação somente com a distância geográfica foi duas vezes mais importante para toda bacia do Alto rio Paraná. A maioria das sub-bacias e microbacias não apresentaram relação entre a dissimilaridade na composição de espécies com distâncias ambientais e geográficas. Além disso, a diversidade beta não foi relacionada à heterogeneidade ambiental e extensão espacial observada nas microbacias. A diversidade beta apresentou relação negativa e a heterogeneidade ambiental apresentou relação positiva com o efeito da distância geográfica sobre a dissimilaridade biológica entre as microbacias. No entanto, o efeito das distâncias geográfica ou ambiental não foi relacionado à extensão espacial de cada microbacia. Os dados estudados nesse trabalho demonstram a importância de padrões espaciais e ambientais sobre a composição e distribuição da ictiofauna de riachos da bacia hidrográfica do Alto Paraná. No entanto, a substituição de espécies de peixes esteve correlacionada mais com a distância geográfica do que ambiental. A heterogeneidade ambiental e a diversidade beta das microbacias foram importantes na formação de padrões na similaridade de espécies em relação à distância geográfica. / We aimed to evaluate whether variation in stream fish community composition is better explained by environmental factors, spatial factors or by both, over local and regional scales. We also analyzed whether fish beta diversity among basins is related to spatial extent and environmental heterogeneity and how species composition dissimilarity relates to geographic and environmental distances. It is hypothesized that the variation in species composition (raw data approach) would be more related to environmental factors within watersheds (at local scale) and that spatial filters would have increased importance when the analysis are run for the whole basin at scale (at regional scale). Considering the dissimilarity in species composition variation (distance data approach) it’s expected that the species dissimilarity would be higher among distant sites than among closer sites, while sites environmentally similar present similar species composition. For the beta diversity we expected the higher values to be found at microbasins with higher environmental heterogeneity and spatial extent. To obtain the spatial variables we used an eigenfunction analysis, called principal coordinates of neighbour matrices (PCNM) using overland distances. Most relevant spatial and environmental factors to explain fish composition variation were determined by the partial redundancy analyses (pRDA), followed by a variation partition method to estimate the exclusive fractions of each set of variables. Fish beta diversity, environmental heterogeneity and spatial extent values were calculated by the homogeneity of multivariate dispersions analysis between groups (PERMDISP). The partial Mantel's test was used to assess spatial and environmental dependency over species dissimilarity. The partition of variances demonstrated that fish community for the whole High Parana River basin was explained both by environmental factors (adjR2=0.08) and by spatial filters (adjR2=0.08). Stream fish species dissimilarity for the whole High Parana River basin was related to environmental distances, although geographic distances influence was two times more important than the effect caused only by the environment distances. Most sub-basins and microbasins biological distances had no relation to geographical or environmental distances. Also, there were no relation between fish beta diversity and environmental heterogeneity with spatial extent. Beta diversity presented a negative relation to the effect size (Mantel r) of environmental distances over composition dissimilarities, but the spatial extent and environmental heterogeneity had no influence over the effect of geographical or environmental distances over composition dissimilarity. Our study pointed out significant effects of the spatial structure (e.g dispersion, spatial distance and environmental control (e.g. species sorting) on stream fish assemblage distribution in Upper Paraná River basin. However, the geographical distance effect was more important to fish assemblage dissimilarities than the environmental distance only. Microbasins environmental heterogeneity and beta diversity were important to fish species similarity patterns in relation to geographical distance. Tough, fish beta diversity was not related to streams spatial extent and environmental heterogeneity.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2007--Bielefeld.

Zugl.: Bielefeld, Univ., Diss., 2007

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-07T12:40:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lia Camposa Quaggio.pdf: 1430515 bytes, checksum: 68e33f51877fa5eba2d7e0997b3e6520 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T12:40:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Lia Camposa Quaggio.pdf: 1430515 bytes, checksum: 68e33f51877fa5eba2d7e0997b3e6520 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Since the 50’s, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758) has been captured along the Brazilian coast by surface longliners. This is the second most important target species for the tuna fleet based in Itajaí, Santa Catarina State, after the blue-shark, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758). The study was based on data from sea observers, log books and carcass ladings of Xiphias gladius, Linnaeus, 1758) from the pelagic longline fleet based in Itajaí, which operated in the southwest Atlantic. Covariance models were fit to the catches (weight, kg) of swordfish and the effects used were: (1) the years 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002 e 2007 (2) lunar phases and (3) seasons. The covariate was fishing effort (hooks). The highest moon catches occurred on the first quarter moon and during wintertime. The Mantel-Haenszel procedure was used to test the hook selectivity and showed that the type “J” hook (J 9/0 10º offset), traditionally used by the fleet, have 1.2 more chances of catching Xiphias gladius than the “circle” hook (18/0 10º offset), used as an optinal device to reduce sea turtle bycatch. The M-H test showed that the J hook has 1,2 more chances of catching Xiphias gladius than the circle hook. The conversion of individual carcass weights (kg) to total length (cm) for the years 2000 to 2002 showed that 66% of the catches were sub-adults. / O espadarte, Xiphias gladius (Linnaeus, 1758), vem sendo capturado na costa brasileira desde os anos 50 pelo espinhel-de-superfície. Esta é a segunda mais importante espécie-alvo da frota atuneira sediada em Itajaí (SC), ficando atrás apenas do tubarão-azul, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus, 1758). No presente estudo foram analisados os dados obtidos para esta espécie através de observadores, mapas de bordo e fichas de desembarque de carcaças de X. gladius para a frota de espinhel-de-superfície sediada em Itajaí (SC) e atuante no Atlântico sudoeste. Foram elaborados modelos de análise de covariância (ANCOVA) e aplicados aos dados de captura (peso em kg) do espadarte, tendo como efeitos: (1) os anos de 1997, 1998, 2001, 2002 e 2007 (2) as fases lunares e (3) as épocas do ano. A covariável foi o esforço de pesca (n° de anzóis). As maiores médias de captura ocorreram durante as fases de lua crescente e no inverno. O procedimento estatístico de Mantel-Haenszel teste foi utilizado para comparar as capturas do espadarte no anzol tipo “Jota” (9/0 10º offset) comumente utilizado pela frota espinheleira com o anzol tipo “circular” (18/0 10ºoffset), este último oferecido como alternativa mitigadora à captura de tartarugas marinhas. O teste M-H indicou que o anzol “Jota” apresentou 1,2 mais chances de capturar Xiphias gladius que no “circular”. A conversão dos pesos individuais das carcaças (kg) em comprimentos totais (cm), referentes aos anos de 2000 a 2002, indicou que 66% das capturas foram de sub-adultos, ao longo de todo o ano.

Purpose: Asthma can have significant adverse effects on the health and quality of life of children, and the prevalence of this condition continues to rise. Breastfeeding may protect against asthma, but some uncertainty remains. The purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between breastfeeding and the risk of developing asthma in early childhood. Methods: Data were collected from the State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey: National Survey of Children's Health, 2003. The study population consisted of 33,315 children ages 0 to 5 years. Prevalence rates of asthma and breastfeeding ,were calculated, as were crude and Mantel-Haenszel summary odds ratios for breastfeeding and other potential confounders including age, race, education, poverty, and tobacco use. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals aRer adjustment for these confounders. Results: Breastfeeding (never vs. ever) was significantly associated with an increased odds ratio of asthma among the children surveyed (POR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.04, 1.34). In addition, children with asthma had a slightly lower mean duration of breastfeeding than did children without asthma. However, a significant trend of increasing odds ratios with increasing duration of breastfeeding was not found. It therefore appears that the act of ever breastfeeding, regardless of duration, exerts some protective effect against the development of asthma in early childhood. Conclusions: Never breastfeeding was found to be significantly associated with the development of asthma in early childhood. Age, race, education, poverty level, and tobacco use were also implicated in this association. While further research is needed to fully determine the effectiveness of breastfeeding in the primary prevention of asthma, public health efforts should focus on promoting breastfeeding as it has the potential improve the overall health of children.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

This study presents noble gas compositions (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) of lavas from several Hawaiian volcanoes. Lavas from the Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP) core, surface samples from Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, Hualalai, Kohala and Haleakala as well as lavas from a deep well on the summit of Kilauea were investigated. Noble gases, especially helium, are used as tracers for mantle reservoirs, based on the assumption that high 3He/4He ratios (>8 RA) represent material from the deep and supposedly less degassed mantle, whereas lower ratios (~ 8 RA) are thought to represent the upper mantle. Shield stage Mauna Kea, Kohala and Kilauea lavas yielded MORB-like to moderately high 3He/4He ratios, while 3He/4He ratios in post-shield stage Haleakala lavas are MORB-like. Few samples show 20Ne/22Ne and 21Ne/22Ne ratios different from the atmospheric values, however, Mauna Kea and Kilauea lavas with excess in mantle Ne agree well with the Loihi-Kilauea line in a neon three-isotope plot, whereas one Kohala sample plots on the MORB correlation line. The values in the 4He/40Ar* (40Ar* denotes radiogenic Ar) versus 4He diagram imply open system fractionation of He from Ar, with a deficiency in 4He. Calculated 4He/40Ar*, 3He/22Nes (22NeS denotes solar Ne) and 4He/21Ne ratios for the sample suite are lower than the respective production and primordial ratios, supporting the observation of a fractionation of He from the heavier noble gases, with a depletion of He with respect to Ne and Ar. The depletion of He is interpreted to be partly due to solubility controlled gas loss during magma ascent. However, the preferential He loss suggests that He is more incompatible than Ne and Ar during magmatic processes. In a binary mixing model, the isotopic He and Ne pattern are best explained by a mixture of a MORB-like end-member with a plume like or primordial end-member with a fractionation in 3He/22Ne, represented by a curve parameter r of 15 (r=(³He/²²Ne)MORB/(³He/²²Ne)PLUME or PRIMORDIAL). Whether the high 3He/4He ratios in Hawaiian lavas are indicative of a primitive component within the Hawaiian plume or are rather a product of the crystal-melt- partitioning behavior during partial melting remains to be resolved. / Ozeaninselbasalte (OIBs), die durch Intraplatten-Vulkane gebildet werden wie z.B. Hawaii, sind geochemisch oft durch variable Isotopensignaturen charakterisiert, die verschiedene Mantelquellen widerspiegeln. Diese Variationen können über kurze Distanzen auf lokalem Maßstab auftreten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Edelgasisotopenzusammensetzungen (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) verschiedener hawaiianischer Vulkane ermittelt. Bohrkernproben vom Hawaii Scientific Drilling Project (HSDP), Oberflächenproben von den Vulkanen Mauna Kea, Mauna Loa, Kilauea, Hualalai, Kohala und Haleakala, sowie Proben aus einer Bohrung am Gipfel des Kilauea wurden untersucht. Edelgase, insbesondere Helium, dienen als geochemische Tracer. Dies ist auf der Annahme begründet, dass hohe 3He/4He Verhältnisse (> 8 RA) (RA ist das atmosphärische 3He/4He Verhältnis) Material aus dem tiefen Erdmantel repräsentieren, während niedrigere 3He/4He Verhältnisse (~ 8 RA) dem oberen Erdmantel entsprechen. Mauna Kea, Kohala und Kilauea Laven erreichten 3He/4He Verhältnisse zwischen 8 und 18 RA, während Haleakala Laven 3He/4He Verhältnisse von ~ 8 RA nicht überschreiten. Nur wenige Proben zeigten 20Ne/22Ne und 21Ne/22Ne Verhältnisse unterschiedlich vom Luftwert, was auf eine Herkunft aus dem tiefen Erdmantel schließen lässt. Edelgasisotopenwerte weisen auf eine Fraktionierung von He und Ar hin, mit einem Defizit an He. Berechnete 4He/40Ar*, 3He/22Nes (22NeS ist solares Ne) and 4He/21Ne Verhältnisse für die Proben sind niedriger als die entsprechenden Produktions- und primordialen Verhältnisse. Dies unterstützt die Beobachtung einer Fraktionierung von He gegenüber den schwereren Edelgasen, mit einer Verarmung von He gegenüber Ne und Ar. Ein beitragender Faktor bei der He Verarmung ist der löslichkeitskontrollierte Gasverlust während des Magmenaufstiegs. Der bevorzugte Verlust von He lässt jedoch auch darauf schließen, dass He sich bei magmatischen Prozessen inkompatibler verhält als Ne und Ar. Inwiefern die hohen 3He/4He Verhältnisse in hawaiianischen Laven ihren Ursprung in primitiven Komponenten innerhalb des hawaiianischen Plumes haben oder vielmehr in dem Verteilungsverhalten zwischen Mineralphase und Schmelze begründet sind, bleibt zu klären.