Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Hong Kong, 1968. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.S.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2002. / Bibliography: leaves 56-57.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-138).

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 190-198).

Major and trace element analyses were made on biogenic carbonate, silica, and fish debris and on authigenic philhipsite, micronodules, and yellow and brown aggregates recovered from Bauer and Roggeveen Basin metalliferous sediments. Phase components and the bulk samples were analyzed by INAA and MS methods. Leachates and residues from ammonium oxalate and mild HC1 leaches of bulk and fine sediment fractions were also analyzed. The mild acid leach removed fish debris and carbonate, and the oxalate leach dissolved the micronodule phase. Sediments of the Bauer and Roggeveen Basins differ in bulk composition, yet respond to various chemical treatments in similar manner. I interpret this as indicative of a close similarity in the mineralogy of these two areas. An iron-rich smectite, manganese micronodules, and fish debris dominate the sediment compositions of both basins. The smectite phase concentrates Fe, Si, and Al. Manganese, Co, Ni, Ce, and W are concentrated in the micronodule phase and Ca, Sc, and the lanthanides predominantly in the fish debris component. The trace elements Cu, Zn, As, and Sb are distributed in a complex manner among the three principal phases. Barium, and some Al and Fe, may be present in small quantities of barite, feldspars, and goethite, respectively. Silica, carbonate, and phillipsite phases exist in. such low concentrations that they do not contribute significantly to the bulk composition of the sediments. The response of the various size fractions leached indicates a uniformity of distribution of sediment components from the coarse to the fine fractions. / Graduation date: 1978

No description available.

Graduation date: 1985 / Best scan available for tables. The original is a blurry photocopy.

Graduation date: 1968

The abundance and distribution of biogenic, terrigenous and volcanic particles in the Panama Basin are markedly dependent on bottom topography and dissolution of calcite in the deeper parts of the basin. Of the coarse fraction (>62μ), foraminiferal tests and acidic volcanic glass shards are concentrated on the Cocos and Carnegie Ridges as lag deposits. Foraminiferal fragments are found on these ridge flanks and on the Malpelo Ridge due to reworking by bottom currents accentuated by dissolution of calcite with increasing depth. The finest calcite, probably coccoliths with fine foraminiferal fragments, together with the hydrodynamically light radiolarian skeletons are concentrated by bottom currents in the basin adjacent to the ridges. The foraminiferal calcite compensation depth in the basin is 3400 m. This relatively shallow depth probably reflects the high surface water productivity over the basin, although the pattern of productivity is not reflected in the pattern of biogenic sediments. Acidic volcanic glass appears to have been carried into the basin from Costa Rica, Colombia and Ecuador by easterly winds at altitudes of 1500 to 6000 m. Basaltic shards from the Galapagos Islands have been dispersed only over short distances to the west. Terrigenous sand-sized material is found on the edge of the continental shelf, where associated glauconite points to a relict origin, and along the northern Cocos Ridge, where contour currents may act as the dispersal mechanism. / Graduation date: 1973

Holocene hemipelagic deposition of terrigenous silts and clays dominates sedimentation on most of the Oregon and Washington continental slope. The sources of these sediments, the mechanisms causing sediment dispersal, and the relative contributions of the various continental sources to the marine deposits have been investigated using quantitative mineral and geochemical data for the 2-20 μm and the <2 μm size fractions. In the 2-20 μm size fraction, material derived from the Klamath Mountains and the California and Washington Coast Ranges contains chlorite and illite, but only Klamath material contains hornblende. Columbia River material lacks chlorite, and the Oregon Coast Range source is dominated by smectite. In the <2 μm fraction, source area compositions are less distinctive due to the ubiquity of smectite, but the northern and southern sources again contain both chlorite and illite. Regional and local mineralogic and textural variations in the fluvial sediments reflect geologic and geographic changes between drainage basins. Amorphous material is a minor component in the 2-20 μm fraction of the fluvial sediments, but may form 25-50% of the <2 μm fraction in some source areas. Sediments derived from all source areas are transported north and northwestward across the margin, either by a poleward-flowing undercurrent along the slope, by wind-driven surface currents on the shelf and associated turbid layers on the slope, or by a combination of the two processes. Columbia River <2 μm material may also be carried southward along the shelf and upper slope by summer surface currents. The poleward undercurrent (an eastern boundary undercurrent) appears to have limited sedimentological significance when compared to the role of the western boundary undercurrent in sediment transport and deposition on the continental slope and rise of the eastern United States. Linear programming has been applied successfully to estimate source area contributions to the 2-20 μm marine sediments. The influence of each source is largest in proximal environments, and the contribution estimates indicate that material derived from each source area is transported northward along the margin. Similar estimates for the <2 μm material are considered unreliable because of internal inconsistencies and the uniform nature of the <2 μm compositions used in the modelling. The contributions have been used to calculate a sediment budget for the 2-20 μm fraction. This budget indicates that the mass accumulating on the entire slope within the study area contains 47% Columbia River, 32% Klamath Mountain, and 21% California Coast Range material in the 2-20 μm fraction, and demonstrates the importance of multiple sediment sources and sediment mixing in the formation of hemipelagic sediments on the continental margin. / Graduation date: 1982