Limpets are harvested by people in South Africa, but are selected in terms of species and size. The effects of marine reserves on the biology of commonly exploited (Helcion concolor and Scutellastra longicosta) and rarely exploited species (Cellana capensis and Scutellastra granularis) were investigated on the southeast coast of South Africa at two reserve and two non-reserve sites. For each species, a 4-way nested ANOVA was used to test the effects of month, reserve, site (nested within reserve) and area (nested within site and reserve) on population density, size structure and recruitment of these limpets. The data were collected monthly over 20 months. The overall results indicated a gradient of exploitation among species, S. longicosta was the most heavily exploited species and S. granularis the least exploited species. However, there was also a gradient of exploitation between reserves and non-reserves. Xhora was the most heavily exploited site while Nqabara was less heavily exploited. Of the two reserve sites, Cwebe had more poachers than Dwesa. In most analyses, the month x area (reserve (site)) interaction was significant. However, this was largely an artifact due to comparisons of areas in different sites and significant differences between areas within sites occurred in relatively few months. Densities were greater inside reserves for all species except C. capensis. For S. longicosta and H. concolor this was expected but not for S. granularis and the result possibly reflects its opportunistic exploitation in the absence of the preferred species or indirect effects of reserves. Commonly exploited species and the rarely exploited C. capensis clearly showed greater mean and maximum sizes in reserves but there were month/site (reserve) interactions. Months with significant differences between reserves and nonreserves in both mean and maximum sizes generally occurred more often for commonly exploited than rarely exploited species, but C. capensis showed the strongest reserve effect on maximum size. Interview surveys showed that, although not normally exploited, C. capensis is sometimes mistaken for H. concolor and this suggests that large individuals are unintentionally harvested outside reserves. There were no significant reserve effects on recruitment for any species. Although Xhora had the lowest densities and limpet sizes, it showed the highest recruitment especially for S. longicosta, suggesting that larvae can be transported far from where they are released and settle in non-reserve sites regardless of adult densities. Reserve as a main factor was not significant for the rarely exploited species, but there was a significant month x reserve interaction, with non-reserves having greater GSI values than reserves in most months. Growth rates were examined using individual tagging and cohort analysis. The two techniques gave different results, with individual tagging giving higher growth estimates than cohort analysis. Except for the territorial species S. longicosta, growth was higher in non-reserves and inversely correlated with population density. Mortality estimates using the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model indicated that the rarely exploited species had significantly greater capture probabilities in reserves while no significant reserve effects were observed for the commonly exploited species. Reserve effects on survival probability were significant only for S. longicosta, with reserves being greater than nonreserves and no significant effects for any other species. Enhanced survival in reserves was attributed to the effects of human exploitation. In theory, marine protected areas show increases in densities, sizes and reproductive output of exploited species, but the present results revealed that the efficacy of reserves depends on the status of the species, not only whether it is exploited or non-exploited, but also whether it is territorial.

No description available.

Lam Tsz Fung. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2001-2002, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-126). / Mission statement --- p.1 / Background / Country Parks --- p.2 / Marine Parks --- p.5 / Current design approach for Country Parks --- p.7 / Current views for Country Parks --- p.8 / Limitation of current design approach --- p.10 / "Case study - Shing Mun Country Park, HK" --- p.11 / "Case study 一 Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park, HK" --- p.14 / "Case study 一 Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, US" --- p.16 / Future recreation pattern / Proactive recreation --- p.19 / "Interpretative planning case study - Craters of the Moon National Monument, Idaho, US" --- p.22 / Development studies / Environmental Impact Assessment Ordinance - Technical Memorandum --- p.25 / Ecotourism --- p.27 / "Case study (Building) - Monterrey Bay Aquarium, California" --- p.28 / Case study (Building) - Jockey Club HSBC WWF HK Marine Life Centre - Hoi Ha Wan --- p.31 / Tung Ping Chau Marine Park / Context --- p.33 / Marine Park / Location map --- p.34 / General map --- p.35 / Topography --- p.36 / Sections --- p.37 / Accessibility --- p.38 / Environment --- p.39 / Behavior pattern --- p.43 / User feedback --- p.A7 / Reason for choosing Tung Ping Chau Marine Park as the study area --- p.48 / Proposed sites --- p.49 / Design strategies --- p.50 / The design of the visit --- p.51 / Preliminary development schedule --- p.53 / Site analysis / Location map --- p.55 / "Path, infrastructure" --- p.56 / "Activities, open spaces" --- p.57 / "Trees, visual attractions" --- p.58 / Use of outdoor living spaces --- p.59 / Existing condition --- p.61 / Preliminary design / Floating decks design --- p.67 / Modification for the existing structure --- p.69 / Proposed plans --- p.72 / Design discussion --- p.77 / Design development / Zoning --- p.78 / Open space design --- p.78 / Separated structure to support new floor deck and new roof --- p.79 / New partition and openings --- p.80 / Updated development schedule --- p.81 / Special study - offsite prefabrication / Theories --- p.83 / Case studies - non-volumetric --- p.86 / Case studies - volumetric --- p.87 / Case studies - modular buildings --- p.88 / Construction process --- p.90 / Material - aluminium --- p.92 / Structural calculation --- p.93 / Final design / Concepts --- p.104 / Existing condition --- p.106 / Proposed scheme --- p.107 / Spatial organization --- p.108 / Functions --- p.109 / Plans --- p.110 / Site section --- p.113 / Construction sequence --- p.116 / Structural concept --- p.117 / Detail --- p.118 / Panels --- p.119 / Site model --- p.122 / Partial building model --- p.123 / Acknowledgements --- p.124 / Bibliography --- p.125

Tsang, Yin Ting Anton. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 373-402). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iv / 論文摘要 --- p.viii / Table of Contents --- p.xi / List of Tables --- p.xvii / List of Figures --- p.xxiii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Who are “our dolphins and their MPA´ح？ - A general introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- What is a MPA? --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Why MPAs? --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- MPAs & Cetaceans --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- MPAs & Marine Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Mascot of Hong Kong ´ؤ The Chinese White Dolphin --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Cetaceans in Hong Kong --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- History of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Taxonomy of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- General Descriptions of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Distribution of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.6 --- Conservation Status of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins & Threats that They are Facing --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- The “Dolphin Sanctuary´ح？ - Sha Chau & Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Significance & Objectives of This Study --- p.18 / Chapter 1.6 --- Study Areas --- p.19 / Chapter 1.7 --- Organization of This Thesis --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "How are our dolphins doing in the MPA? - Abundance, behaviour and habitat use of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins within and outside the marine park" / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methodology --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Field Sampling --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- Dolphin survey --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Collection of information on physical parameters --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Definition of parameters --- p.35 / Chapter a) --- Seasonality --- p.35 / Chapter b) --- Dolphin observation regions and areas --- p.36 / Chapter c) --- Standardization of effort --- p.37 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.38 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Observability --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Distribution of Dolphin Sightings --- p.42 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Number of Dolphin Sightings --- p.46 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Dolphin Sightings at Different Tidal Movements --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- Sighting Rate and Density of Dolphin Sightings --- p.49 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- Composition --- p.54 / Chapter 2.3.7 --- Group Size --- p.56 / Chapter 2.3.8 --- Dive Times --- p.59 / Chapter 2.3.9 --- Behaviours --- p.62 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Identifying “Hotspots´ح --- p.64 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Areas other than “Hotspots´ح --- p.71 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Is SLMP Effective? --- p.72 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Seasonality of the Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins --- p.75 / Chapter 2.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.77 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- How is our MPA doing to the dolphins? - Factors affecting the abundance and behaviours of the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.129 / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodology --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Field Sampling --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Fish survey --- p.132 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Traffic count --- p.133 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.135 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Definition of parameters --- p.135 / Chapter a) --- Food species --- p.135 / Chapter b) --- Regions and study areas --- p.136 / Chapter c) --- Standardization of effort --- p.137 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.137 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.140 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Abundance & Biomass of Fish --- p.140 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Diversity & Species Richness of Fish --- p.153 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Distribution & Density of Vessel Traffic --- p.158 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Patterns of Vessel Traffic --- p.164 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- "Relationship among Dolphin, Fish & Vessel Traffic" --- p.166 / Chapter 3.3.5.1 --- Fish & dolphin --- p.166 / Chapter 3.3.5.2 --- Traffic & dolphin --- p.167 / Chapter 3.3.5.3 --- "Fish, vessel traffic & dolphin" --- p.173 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.174 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- How Was the Fish Doing to the Dolphins? --- p.174 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- How Was Traffic Doing to the Dolphins? --- p.179 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Is SLMP Effective? --- p.184 / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Limitations of This Study --- p.187 / Chapter 3.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.189 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- An example to follow or a lesson to learn? - The effectiveness of Sha Chau & Lung Kwu Chau Marine Park in conserving the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.275 / Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.279 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Source of Data --- p.279 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Dolphin survey --- p.279 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Fish survey --- p.280 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Data Analysis --- p.281 / Chapter 4.2.2.1 --- Definition of parameters --- p.281 / Chapter a) --- Years --- p.281 / Chapter b) --- Standardization of effort --- p.282 / Chapter 4.2.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.283 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.284 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Comparison of Dolphin Survey Results --- p.284 / Chapter 4.3.1.1 --- Abundance --- p.284 / Chapter 4.3.1.2 --- Group size --- p.286 / Chapter 4.3.1.3 --- Behaviours --- p.287 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Comparison of Fish Survey Results --- p.289 / Chapter 4.3.2.1 --- Fish abundance & biomass --- p.289 / Chapter 4.3.2.2 --- Fish species & diversity --- p.294 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Trends of Dolphin & Fish --- p.297 / Chapter 4.3.3.1 --- Dolphin trends --- p.297 / Chapter 4.3.3.2 --- Fish trends --- p.299 / Chapter 4.3.3.3 --- Correlations between dolphin & fish trends --- p.301 / Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.302 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- How Were the Dolphins & Fish doing Throughout These Years? --- p.302 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Further Implications on Cetacean Conservation in Hong Kong --- p.306 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Is SLMP Effective? --- p.309 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Limitations of This Study --- p.315 / Chapter 4.5 --- Chapter Summary --- p.316 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- "How shall our dolphin MPA be doing? - Summary, conclusions & further recommendations" / Chapter 5.1 --- Summary & Conclusions --- p.358 / Chapter 5.2 --- Further Recommendations --- p.364 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Larger MPA for the CWD in the Pearl River Estuary --- p.364 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Fishing Management --- p.366 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Traffic Management --- p.367 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Developmental Management --- p.368 / Chapter 5.3 --- PLEASE ACT FAST!! --- p.369 / List of References --- p.373

Thesis (M.M.S.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 59-64.

Thesis (M.M.S.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2000. / Bibliography: leaves 131-137.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-137).

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 97-99.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 11, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references ( p. 303-315).

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-71). Also available on the World Wide Web.