Thesis (M.S.)--California Polytechnic State University, 2009. / Mode of access: Internet. Title from PDF title page; viewed on September 11, 2009. Major professor: Peter Laursen, Ph.D., P.E. "Presented to the faculty of California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California." "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree [of] Master of Science in Architecture with a specialization in Architectural Engineering." "June 2009." Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-108).

Historic structures form a very important part of our cultural heritage and should be well protected. Therefore, full comprehension of the structural behavior of historic structures is of prior importance. A seriously damaged single domed mosque of 16th century Classical Ottoman Architecture was investigated in this study. Serious damages have been observed at various structural elements including the dome and the structural masonry walls, recently leading the structure&#039 / s closure to service. The main objective of this study is to find out the possible reasons of the damage. The Mosque was constructed on silty-clay soil and the water table has been changed considerably due to the drought in recent years causing soil displacements. The structure is modeled with linear finite element approach. The masonry walls are modeled with homogenized macro shell elements. The change in water table is imposed on the Mosque as displacement at foundation joints. The results of the analyses have been compared with the observed damage and the finite element model has been calibrated according to the observed damage. Some rehabilitation methods have also been proposed. Mini pile application up to firm soil (rock) was recommended to prevent the soil displacement. A steel ring around the damaged dome base was proposed to avoid any further propagation of cracks. Furthermore, the cracks on the masonry walls should also be repaired with a suitable material that is also compatible with the historic texture.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The current civil building use several kinds of materials for fencing as solid or hollow bricks or closure function and structural like the structural masonry. The codes and national laws of fire protection define a minimum period of fire resistance for walls and sealing elements. However, the great majority of the codes offer few alternatives of materials and thicknesses to define the minimum capacity for fire. Normally in the suggested alternatives, when tested, the materials exhibit superior performance. The alternative to a proper definition of time of fire resistance is testing a prototype of the wall in real scale, usually being expensive test. The purpose of this paper is to study the behavior of structural masonry walls and its components against high temperatures using furnances adapted to this end. It was studied the level of degradation of the materials singly and within the set, the increasing of load in small walls due to the temperature rising, besides the residual strength of the masonry and its constituents after exposure the high temperatures. The rate of heating of the oven did not follow Standard Curve, even so, it was possible to verify which the laws are conservative in relation to the performance against high temperatures of the materials. The walls obtained good performance against high temperatures, showing low cracking level and maintaining the structural stability. It was tested mortars with various resistances to temperature of 900ºC, seeing that this temperature was sufficient to promote the complete deterioration of materials. Mortars of 4 MPa were heated to 400ºC, noting that remained intact, showing residual strength. It was observed that the type of aggregate used in mortars affect the weight loss and stability of the material when subject to high temperatures. It was molded ceramics prisms with mortar of 4 MPa to verify the residual strength after heating to 400º and 900ºC, noting that the strength these was higher than average for the same strength of mortars subjected to the same heating. In addition, failure stress of the small wall exposed the high temperatures was very close to the average of the ceramic prisms subjected to the same heating rate. / A construção civil atual utiliza diversos tipos de materiais para vedação como tijolos cerâmicos vazados ou maciços ou com função de fechamento e estrutural como a alvenaria estrutural. Os códigos e legislações nacionais de proteção contra incêndio definem um tempo mínimo de resistência ao fogo para paredes e elementos de vedação. Entretanto, a maioria desses códigos oferece poucas alternativas de materiais e espessuras mínimas para definir a capacidade de resistência ao fogo. Normalmente nas alternativas sugeridas, quando ensaiados, os materiais apresentam desempenho superior. A alternativa para a definição adequada do tempo de resistência ao fogo é ensaiar um protótipo da parede em escala real, sendo um ensaio geralmente dispendioso. A proposta deste trabalho é efetuar o estudo do comportamento de paredes de alvenaria estrutural e seus componentes frente a altas temperaturas, utilizando fornos adaptados para essa finalidade. Foi estudado o nível de degradação dos materiais isoladamente e no conjunto, o aumento de carga em pequenas paredes devido à elevação da temperatura, além da resistência residual da alvenaria e seus constituintes após exposição às altas temperaturas. A taxa de aquecimento do forno não seguiu a Curva Padrão de norma, mesmo assim, foi possível verificar que as legislações são conservadoras em relação ao desempenho frente ao fogo dos materiais. As paredes obtiveram bom desempenho frente às altas temperaturas, apresentando nível de fissuração baixo e mantendo a estabilidade estrutural. Foram ensaiadas argamassas de diversas resistências à temperatura de 900ºC, constatando que esta temperatura foi suficiente para promover a completa deterioração dos materiais. Argamassas de 4 MPa foram aquecidas a 400ºC, observando que mantiveram-se íntegras, apresentando resistência residual. Foi constatado que o tipo de agregado usado nas argamassas tem influência na perda de massa e estabilidade do material quando submetido a altas temperaturas. Foram moldados prismas cerâmicos com argamassa de 4 MPa para verificar a resistência residual após o aquecimento a 400º e 900ºC, constatando que a resistência desses foi superior a resistência média para as argamassas de mesma resistência submetidas ao mesmo aquecimento. Além disso, a tensão de ruptura da pequena parede exposta às altas temperaturas ficou bem próxima à média dos prismas cerâmicos submetidos à mesma taxa de aquecimento.

The aim of the Diploma thesis is the project documentation for the execution of the administrative building. This is an administrative building located on the outskirts of Letohrad. The building consists of one section that has three above-ground floors and one section that has only one above-ground floor. The building is used for administration, trade and storage. For administrative work is designed the three-storey part of the building and single-storey part of the building is designated for trade and storage. The main entrances to the building are located on its west side and the next entrances to the building is located on its southern side and northern side. The building is based on foundation strips and pads of plain concrete. The building is designed from a masonry structural system made of concrete blocks made of lightweight concrete and the third floor is partly designed as a timber structure made of wooden KVH squared timber. The ceiling structures are designed from prestressed ceiling panels. Roof structure above the main part of the building is designed two-stage pitched roof octagon shape and the roof above the single-storey part of the building is designed as warm flat extensive green roof.

This diploma thesis elaborates project documentation for the construction of building. The object is located in the mountain area in Pec pod Sněžkou. The acommoation house is designed as a building for fooding and lodging. The building has three stories. Ground floor is nonresidental and partly on slop. There are garages, bicycle storage and staffroom. On the first floor there is a small restaurant and rooms for accommodation. From those rooms you can go on the ground or terrace. The second floor is entirely residential. The total accommodation capacity of the hotel is 46 people.

The diploma thesis is focused on a new building guest house with a restaurant, located in the town of Valašské Klobouky. The land has a sloping character. The structure of the guest house consists of one basement and two above-ground floors. The capacity of the restaurant with a terrace is for 84 people, accommodation for 22 guests in 9 rooms and wellness for 15 visitors. The object is a rectangular shape of a rectangle measuring 25.4x14.25 m. The external and internal vertical structures are made of sand-lime blocks of the KM BETA SENDWIX system, horizontal structures are made of reinforced concrete ceiling. The guest house is insulated with the ETICS contact isulation system. The diploma thesis has the form of design documentation for the building process.

This diploma thesis elaborates project documentation for the construction of building. The building is situated in outskirts of the town Velké Meziříčí. The boarding house for fooding and lodging with separated private zone and restaurant. Both parts connect entrance hall with reception and communication spaces. The lodging section is divided into three stories. Ground floor restaurant and salon with terrace on the second floor have south-facing oriented glazed curtain wall. That is the main part of building with stunning views on the ambient nature.

The aim of master‘s thesis is to renovate old agricultural building and design it as nzeb building. The thesis contains three parts: 1st – design of the building, 2nd – design of building services, and 3rd – assessment of the impact of different operations in building on energy consumption. The results are then evaluated for economic and environmental savings. The renovated building in village Rozkoš will be used for many purposes. It will be divided into 3 parts – a multifunctional hall, a pub, and a club room. Multifunctional hall will be used for various activities for village itself or public. In the pub will be only cold kitchen with small dishes and beverages. Club room can be used for elderly people, workout or young people. The building is low rise and structural system is combined. The vertical load-bearing walls and columns are built of bricks. Horizontal load-bearing structures are cross vaults made also of bricks. Saddle roof is made of timber roof truss. The building site contains also an outdoor car park and a garden. The project was carried out in the Revit.

The aim of this master project is to design a nearly zero-energy building of kindergarten. The kindergarten is designed as one storey building with capacity of 40 children split into two playrooms. Playrooms are separated and each of them has own sanitary facilities and locker room. Playrooms have large windows with external blinds on the south to provide solar gains. There is horizontal sun breaker above the windows which prevent overheating in summer. Load bearing walls are made of sand lime blocks. Walls are insulated with mineral wool board. Roof ceiling is made of prestressed concrete slabs. The building has a flat extensive green roof. The second task of the project includes design of lighting, rainwater harvesting, HVAC, source of heat and photovoltaic system. The third part is theoretical and includes searching for an ideal source of energy for the building. There are two types of heating compared such as gas boiler and a groundwater heating pump. The main software used for the project is Revit.

The aim of this master project is to design a nzeb kindergarten and primary school in Škrdlovice. The building has three parts: kindergarten and primary school with 2 above–ground floors and basements are connected with a single canteen. The canteen has a flat extensive green roof, while the kindergarten and primary school have saddle roof. The kindergarten has two identical floors with playrooms, locker rooms, bed and toy storage, teacher’s office, and bathrooms. First floor of the primary school contains locker room, teacher’s’ offices, it classroom, afterschool centre, and toilets. Three classrooms, headmaster’s office, and toilets are in the second floor. The building is designed using Xella building system. The external load–bearing walls, slabs, and internal non–bearing walls are made of aerated concrete blocks. The internal load–bearing are made of lime–sand blocks. The building is insulated with non–fibrous mineral panels. The project includes design of lightning, HVAC, DHW, and photovoltaics systems. The project also includes a study of three structural details including 3D models in BIM software and their thermal assessment. The project was designed using BIM software Revit.