Th.doct.--Lettres--Paris 12, 1997. / Bibliogr. p. 326-342. Index.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the dramatic function of the Court Masque in the plays of William Shakespeare and to determine how the integration of the masque, either in whole or in part, enhanced his plays both structurally and thematically. The first chapter traces the development of the Court Masque from its introduction into the court as a recognizable form in 1512 to the highly elaborate productions of the Jacobean and Caroline periods. The emphasis is on the interrelationship between the masque and poetic drama and the use within the drama of certain qualities which had become associated with the masque. In the succeeding chapters, Shakespeare’s plays are grouped according to what appears to be the most obvious function of the masque. This grouping is in no way categorical as the function which the masque fulfills is often two or three-fold. In Henry VIII, Romeo and Juliet, and The Merchant of Venice, the masque provides a cover for romantic intrigue and thus advances the plot. In addition to this an irony is established through the juxtaposition of the event and the conditions under which it takes place. Love’s Labour’s Lost, Timon of Athens and Much Ado About Nothing illustrate masque associations with frivolity and affectation which reflect the unreal poses of the main characters. In these plays the denouement hinges upon the discovery of reality. Chapter IV deals with those plays which not only contain masque sequences but also reveal something of an over-all masque quality, plays in which the action moves through fleeting masque-like scenes to final order and harmony. The antimasque, though appearing in some plays previously mentioned, is examined in a separate chapter and its function and effectiveness assessed. The thesis reveals that while increased elaboration of masque production provided Shakespeare with possibilities for more theatrical effects in the public theatre and led to a greater use of stage spectacle in the later plays, never is the masque used merely for stage effect even when this was the fashion followed by many other dramatists. The masque is integrated into the plot and its qualities adapted to reinforce the theme. Of the many influences, both contemporary and traditional, which stimulated Shakespeare’s imagination, the masque was an important one. The masterful assimilation of the Court Masque contributes to the vitality and universality of the dramas and are a tribute to their author's genius and complete eclecticism. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate

This thesis contends that the monarch-centred view of the masque, which has prevailed since the publication in the 1960s and 1970s of Stephen Orgel's seminal works on the genre, needs to be challenged in the light of recent scholarship on the cultural agency of other members of the royal family. In my introduction I argue that while the New Historicism has been crucial in elucidating the theatricalization of power in the early Stuart court, its insistence on the inevitability of the collusion between art and sovereign power needs to be questioned. The masque has long been seen as a monolithic and univocal celebration of monarchical power, despite the fact that it was promoted at court not by King James but by other members of the royal family. Adopting a loosely chronological approach, this thesis retells the story of the 'Jacobean' court masque by recovering the role played in the commissioning and performance of masques by James's wife, his children, and his male favourites. The chapters set out to hear voices other than that of the King, and discover that, while panegyric was part of each masque, it was rarely as unequivocal as traditional criticism has suggested. On the contrary, the annual masques were frequently appropriated to express the oppositional agendas of factions at court, and above all, of members of James's own family. I argue that Queen Anne set a precedent for the disruptive use of the masque which she exploited to present herself as independent from the King, and to emphasise her importance as the mother of the royal children. Prince Henry, and later Prince Charles, both used the masque to contest the pacifist policies of the King, while Buckingham's success as a favourite was linked to his skilful exploitation of the masques as an integral part of his self-fashioning. Above all by shifting the focus away from King James to consider the more active participation in the masque of other members of the royal family, this thesis offers a possibility of moving beyond the current impasse of the subversion / containment debate to a more nuanced reading of the culture of the early Stuart court which recognises the delicate process of negotiation and accommodation in which the masquers and their audiences were engaged.

Texte remanié de: Habil.-Schr.--Fakultät für das Studium fundamentale--Witten--Universität Witten-Herdecke, 2003. / Bibliogr. p. 365-387. Index.

Texte remanié de: Doctoral thesis--Philadelphia--University of Pennsylvania, 1993. Titre de soutenance : Imagines Maiorum : ancestral masks as symbols of ideology and power. / Bibliogr. p. 362-392. Index.

Nous avons conduit un programme de recherche portant sur l’impact du port d’un masque à gaz sur l’effort respiratoire et les échanges gazeux chez des sujets sains au repos et à l’effort et chez des patients MPOC au repos. Ces données ont été acquises en mesurant les débits respiratoires et la pression œsophagienne. Une étude sur banc a évalué les composantes résistives du masque à gaz C4 (Airboss Defense) et de 8 différents cartouches filtrantes. Chez les sujets sains, tous les indices d’effort respiratoires ont été significativement augmentés (WOB; PTP; Swing Pes) au repos et à l’effort. Quant aux patients, les augmentations des indices respiratoires ont été modérées au repos. La cartouche filtrante semble expliquer en partie ces effets et nous avons constaté que les résistances de cet élément du masque varient en fonction des modèles. Nos conclusions se destinent à optimiser de nouveaux masques pour limiter le «stress respiratoire» de ces dispositifs. / We conducted a research program on the impact of wearing a gas mask on respiratory effort and gas exchanges in healthy subjects at rest and during exercise and in COPD patients at rest. These data were acquired by measuring respiratory flow and esophageal pressure. A bench study evaluated the resistive components of the C4 gas mask (Airboss Defense) and of 8 different canisters. In healthy subjects, all indexes of respiratory effort (WOB; PTP; Swing Pes) were increased with mask at rest and during exercise. In COPD patients, the increases in respiratory index of effort were moderate. The canister of the mask seems to explain part of these effects and we found that resistances of this element of the mask vary according to the tested models. Our conclusions aimed at optimizing new masks to limit the «respiratory stress» of these devices.

No description available.

Texte remanié de: Ph. D. thesis--Cambridge--University, 1990. Titre de soutenance : Mambila traditional religion : Sua in Somié. / Contient la trad. anglaise de la transcription de dialogues en langue mambila accompagnant des cérémonies traditionnelles. Bibliogr. pp. 245-260.

La spectrométrie de masse MALDI est une technique devenue incontournable pour l’analyse des biomolécules et largement employée dans de nombreuses applications. Bien que les performances de cette source soient notoires, celles-ci restent encore limitées en particulier en termes de sensibilité ou encore de résolution spatiale pour des applications telles que l’imagerie MALDI MS. En effet, les rendements de production d’ions sont très faibles en MALDI et chutent encore lorsque la résolution spatiale est augmentée (diminution de l’aire irradiée). Ainsi, les objectifs de ces travaux de thèse ont été de développer et d’étudier deux systèmes permettant d’augmenter la sensibilité. La première partie de ces travaux a donc portée sur la réalisation d’un système permettant la désolvatation des agrégats formés dans le processus MALDI via l’utilisation d’un second faisceau laser interceptant la plume en expansion. Par utilisation d’un laser pulsé émettant à 1064 nm il a été ainsi possible de démontrer une augmentation d’un facteur 2 à 3 de l’intensité des signaux d’analyte. Dans une seconde partie, un système de masques de silicium permettant de réduire les dimensions de la zone irradiée (sans agir sur la focalisation du faisceau laser) a été développé. Les études réalisées pour différentes géométries de ces masques ont permis de démontrer d’une part l’efficacité de ces systèmes pour réduire l’aire de la zone irradiée en coupant le faisceau laser incident tout en maintenant l’intensité des signaux, et d’autre part que certaines géométries particulières permettaient d’obtenir un effet d’augmentation de la sensibilité et de la résolution spectrale. / MALDI Mass Spectrometry is an essential tool for biomolecules analysis and is largely employed in various applications. Albeit performances of this ion source are well known, there are still clear limitations in terms of sensitivity and spatial resolution for applications such as MALDI MS Imaging. Indeed, ion production yields are very low in MALDI and, moreover drop when spatial resolution is increased (decrease of irradiated area). Thus, objectives of this work were to develop and study two systems for improving sensitivity. First part of this work was dedicated to setup a system allowing desolvation of material clusters formed in the MALDI process by using a second laser to intercept the expanding plume. By using a pulsed laser emitting at 1064 nm, it was possible to demonstrate an increase of signal intensity by 2 to 3 folds. In a second part, Silicon mask systems allowing reduction of irradiated area (without involving any focusing of the laser beam) was developed. Studies of various geometries of the mask showed their efficiency to reduce irradiated area by cutting part of the laser beam while maintaining signal intensity. Moreover, for certain geometries it was demonstrated that masks could lead to an increase in sensitivity and spectral resolution.

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