Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

A cada dia sÃo realizadas mais reconstruÃÃes imediatas da mama pÃs-tratamento do cÃncer. Para as mastectomias radicais, hà vÃrias tÃcnicas consagradas. Na quadrantectomia, as opÃÃes de reparaÃÃo do defeito vÃo do fechamento primÃrio à utilizaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de cirurgia plÃstica redutora. Para os tumores dos quadrantes externos, nÃo havia opÃÃo para a rotaÃÃo de todo o mÃsculo LatÃssimo do dorso, que usualmente excede ao necessÃrio à reparaÃÃo do volume perdido. Na literatura, hà poucos trabalhos sobre a reconstruÃÃo pÃs-quadrantectomia e nenhum quando o assunto à quadrantes externos. Aqui à descrita uma tÃcnica que originalmente se propunha a possibilitar a reposiÃÃo do volume perdido nas quadrantectomias dos quadrantes externos de mamas pequenas, mas que se mostrou Ãtil tambÃm em casos de mamas mÃdias e em lesÃes que avanÃavam à regiÃo subareolar. A tÃcnica consiste na dissecÃÃo do segmento lateral do mÃsculo L. do dorso por um prolongamento da incisÃo para a retirada da lesÃo, no mesmo decÃbito dorsal, seguida de sua rotaÃÃo e modelagem para reparar o defeito decorrente da extirpaÃÃo do cÃncer. AlÃm da diminuiÃÃo do tempo cirÃrgico, em muitos casos, torna-se desnecessÃria a segunda cirurgia. Vinte e uma mulheres foram submetidas à quadrantectomias de quadrantes externos, seguidas da reconstruÃÃo aqui descrita. Para a avaliaÃÃo do mÃtodo, cada resultado teve atribuÃdo um escore a volume, forma, simetria e alteraÃÃes do complexo arÃolopapilar (CAP), da cicatriz e da superfÃcie do quadrante operado. A nota mÃdia foi 7,048, equivalente ao conceito âBâ, mostrando a viabilidade do mÃtodo. / Nowadays more and more immediate breast reconstructions following post cancer treatment are carried out. In the case of radical mastectomy there are a lot of recognized techniques. In the quadrantectomy, the options of defect repairing range from the primary closing to the utilization of reducing plastic surgery techniques. In the case of tumors of the external quadrants there was no option for the rotation of all the LatÃssimo do dorso muscle, which usually exceeds the necessary to repair the volume lost. In the literature there are few works about the post quadrantectomy reconstruction and no one when it deals with external quadrants. Here the technique described originally proposed to make possible the replacement of the volume lost in the quadrantectomies of the external quadrants of small breasts, but it also showed to be useful in cases of medium breasts and in lesions which move towards to the subareolar region. The technique consists in the dissection of the lateral segment of the LatÃssimo do dorso muscle by prolonging the incision to withdrawal the lesion, in the same dorsal decubitus, followed by its rotation and modeling in order to repair the defect arising out of a cancer removal. Besides the time reduction of the surgery, in many cases it is not necessary a second surgery. Twenty-one women were submitted to quadrantectomies of external quadrants followed by the reconstruction described here. In order to evaluate the method, to each result a score was attributed to volume, form, symmetry, CAP, scar and surface. The average grade was 7.048, equivalent to grade B which confirms the viability of the method.

Orientadores: Aarão Mendes Pinto Neto, Francesca de Lorenzi / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T17:05:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brenelli_FabricioPalermo_D.pdf: 1363886 bytes, checksum: e8aa4780193d755f30345cbcea9c2b50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Introdução: O enxerto autólogo de gordura é uma importante técnica para corrigir as sequelas da cirúrgia conservadora (CCM) no câncer de mama. Apesar de este método estar ganhando popularidade, muito pouco se sabe sobre a interação entre o enxerto de gordura e o ambiente oncológico no qual é enxertado. Existem evidências sobre a segurança do método em pacientes com mamas saudáveis e em mamas reconstruídas pós-mastectomia radical. Entretanto, existe muito pouca informação sobre este procedimento em pacientes com antecedente de CCM, as quais estão sob um risco maior de recidiva local (RL) se comparado aos outros grupos estudados. Além disso, uma vez que a gordura é enxertada na mama, alterações radiológicas podem ocorrer no rastreamento destas pacientes, podendo provocar um aumento no número de biópsia desnecessárias ou até mesmo mascarar possíveis lesões, retardando o diagnóstico de uma possível RL Material e Métodos: Cinquenta e nove pacientes com antecedente de CCM foram submetidas a 75 procedimentos de enxerto autólogo de gordura, segundo a técnica de Coleman entre Outubro de 2005 e Julho de 2008. Todas pacientes assinaram um consentimento informado e foram tratadas na mesma instituição. Exame clínico e radiológico das mamas foi efetuado em todos os casos antes do procedimento e pelo menos uma vez após seis meses do procedimento. A análise de dados foi realizada através de médias e medianas e a curva de progressão livre de doença foi estimada pelo método Kaplan-Meyer com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: A média de idade das pacientes foi de 50 anos (DP: 8.5) e o seguimento médio foi de 34.4 meses (DP: 15.3). O tempo médio entre a cirurgia oncológica e o enxerto autólogo de gordura foi de 76.6 meses (DP: 30.9). A maior parte das mulheres tinha estádios iniciais de câncer de mama: 0 (11,8%); I (33,8%) e IIA (23,7%). Complicação imediata foi observada em 3 casos e igualmente, em apenas 3 casos foram observadas RL. Achados radiológicos anormais na mama forma observados em 20% das mamografias pós enxertia (15 casos) e em 6 casos tais achados foram considerados suspeitos e biopsiados, resultando em 2 casos positivos. Conclusão: O enxerto autólogo de gordura parece ser uma ferramenta segura para corrigir sequelas da CCM em casos bem selecionados, e não está relacionado com aumento de RL além do esperado para o grupo de pacientes estudado. Apesar de estar relacionado com um aumento de achados mamográficos anormais, estes são de fácil caracterização entre benignos e suspeitos, não atrapalhando o seguimento destas pacientes / Abstract: Background: Autologous fat graft to the breast is a useful tool to correct defects after breast conservative treatment (BCT). Although this procedure gains popularity, little is known about the interaction between the fat graft and the prior oncological environment. Evidences of safety of this procedure in healthy breast and after postmastectomy reconstruction exist. However, there is paucity of data among patients who underwent BCT which are hypothetically under a higher risk of local recurrence (LR). Moreover, since fat is injected in the breast, this technique can potentially produce radiological features that could increase numbers of unnecessary biopsies or even mask suspicious hidden lesions. Material and Methods: Fifty nine patients, with prior BCT, underwent 75 autologous fat graft procedures using the Coleman's technique, between October 2005 and July 2008. All patients signed an informed consent and were treated at the same institution. Radiological and clinical examination was performed in all cases prior of the procedure. Follow up was made by clinical and radiological examination at least once, after 6 months of the procedure. Statistical analysis was performed by means and medians and progression free survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meyer method with significance level of 5%. Results: Mean age was 50±8.5 years and mean follow up was 34.4 ±15.3 months. Mean time from oncological surgery to the first fat grafting procedure was 76.6± 30.9 months. Most of patients were at initial stage 0 (11,8%), I (33,8%) or IIA (23,7%). Immediate complication was observed in 3 cases and LR was observed in only 3 cases of true LR. Abnormal breast images were present in 20% of the post-operative mammograms (15 cases) and in six cases biopsy was warranted resulting positive for LR in two cases. Conclusion: Autologous fat graft seems to be a safe tool to correct defects after BCT without increasing the expected rates of LR, in low risk and selected cases. Although it increases the rate of abnormal mammographic findings, those are easily distinguished between benign and suspicious lesion by a trained radiologist and do not interfere with the patient's follow up / Doutorado / Oncologia Ginecológica e Mamária / Doutor em Tocoginecologia

<p>Karcinom dojke predstavlja najče&scaron;ću malignu neoplazmu među ženskom populacijom, a po&scaron;tedna terapija dojke, preferirani je model lečenja bolesnica u ranom stadijumu bolesti. Smatra se da je optimalna hirur&scaron;ka resekciona margina 2 mm. Opisano je mnogo metoda koje služe za intraoperativnu proveru suficijentnosti resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine i sve one imaju svoje prednosti i mane. Ciljevi ove studije bili su da se utvrdi, da li postoji statistički značajna razlika u određivanju &scaron;irine negativne resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine izražene u milimetrima pri operacijama karcinoma dojke upotrebom palpatorne metode i intraoperativne mobilne radiografije, poređenjem nalaza merenja hiruga sa većim i manjim iskustvom u hirurgiji karcinoma dojke kao i nalaza radiologa u odnosu na patohistolo&scaron;ku ex tempore analizu. Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao retrospektivno&ndash;prospektivna studija na Klinici za operativnu onkologiju, Instituta za onkologiju Vojvodine i obuhvatilo je 150 bolesnica kod kojih je preoperativno dijagnostikovan karcinom dojke. Kriterijum za uključenje u studiju bilo je izvođenje po&scaron;tedne operacije dojke sa ili bez disekcije ipsilaterale aksile, dok su iz studije isključene bolesnice kod kojih nije bilo moguće izvesti po&scaron;tednu operaciju dojke, one sa radiolo&scaron;ki potvrđenom diseminovanom bole&scaron;ću, kao i bolesnice koje su ranije operisane zbog karcinoma iste dojke. Kod svih 150 ekstirpiranih karcinoma dojke urađena je procena &scaron;irine resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine intraoperativno palpatornom metodom, zatim na aparatu za mobilnu digitalnu radiografiju, te radiogram analiziran od strane iskusnog i manje iskusnog hiruga u hirurgiji karcinoma dojke, kao i radiologa te upoređen sa nalazom ex tempore patohistolo&scaron;ke analize. Definitivna &scaron;irina resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine potvrđena je na parafinskim patohistolo&scaron;kim preparatima. Srednja vrednost praćenja bolesnica, postoperativno, iznosila je 100,97 nedelja. Najveći broj bolesnica pripadao je starijoj životnoj dobi (56,67%). Preoperativna lokalizacija klinički nepalpabilnih tumora u dojci urađena je kod 52 (34,67%) bolesnice. Najče&scaron;će se tumor prezentovao kao solitarni fokus sa okolnim ognji&scaron;tima in situ karcinoma (72, 48%), dok je najče&scaron;ći histolo&scaron;ki subtip bio duktalni invazivni karcinom dojke (112 (74,67%)). Najveći broj operacija dojke okarakterisan je kao kvadrantektomija (85 (56,67)), dok je najučestalija operacija aksile bilo određivanje limfnog čvora stražara (119 (79,33%). Analizom rada aparata za mobilnu digitalnu radiografiju do&scaron;li smo do saznanja da nema statistički značajne razlike u oceni kvaliteta radiograma i &scaron;irine resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine merene na aparatu za mobilnu digitalnu radiografiju između iskusnog hirurga i radiologa. Statistički značajna razlika nije uočena ni pri merenju &scaron;irine resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine izražene u milimetrima na aparatu za mobilnu digitalnu radiografiju od strane iskusnog hirurga i radiologa u odnosu na ex tempore patohistolo&scaron;ku analizu, dok je ista uočena nakon definitivne patohistolo&scaron;ke analize. &Scaron;ansa doresekcije tkiva dojke nakon merenja na aparatu za mobilnu digitalnu radiografiju je 1,4 puta veća nego nakon patohistolo&scaron;ke ex tempore analize. Lokalni recidiv javio se kod jedne pacijentkinje tokom perioda praćenja. Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u određivanju &scaron;irine resekcione hirur&scaron;ke margine izražene u milimetrima upotrebom aparata za mobilnu digitalnu radiografiju od strane iskusnog hirurga i radiologa u odnosu na patohistolo&scaron;ku ex tempore analizu, dok ista postoji nakon analize radiograma od strane manje iskusnog hirurga. Palpatorna metoda se ne može smatrati sigurnom metodom u određivanju &scaron;irine hirur&scaron;ke resekcione margine. Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u broju doresekcije tkiva dojke između hirurga sa različitim hirur&scaron;kim iskustvom.</p> / <p>Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in the female population, and conservative breast therapy is the preferred treatment model for patients in early stages of the disease. The optimal surgical resection margin, from healthy breast tissue around the primary tumor is 2 mm. Many methods have been described that serve to check the resection margin during breast conservative surgery and all of them have their advantages and disadvantages. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a statistically significant difference in the determination of the width of the negative resection margin expressed in millimeters in breast cancer surgery using palpatory method and intraoperative mobile specimen radiography, comparing the findings of measuring of surgeons with greater and lesser experience in breast cancer surgery as well as the findings of the radiologist in relation to histopathological ex tempore and definitive histopathological analysis. The study was conducted as a retrospective - prospective study at the Clinic for Operative Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina and included 150 patients who were preoperatively diagnosed with breast cancer. The criterion for inclusion in the study was the opportunity to perform breast conservative surgery with or without complete axillary lymph node dissection. Patients that were treated with breast amputation, those with radiological confirmed disseminated disease, as well as patients previously operated from cancer were excluded from the study. For all 150 extirpated breast cancers, an estimate of the width of the resection surgical margin was performed intraoperatively with a palpatory method, followed by measuring on device for mobile specimen digital radiography, and a radiogram was analyzed by an experienced and less experienced surgeon in breast cancer surgery, as well as by a radiologist and compared with an ex tempore histopathological analysis. The definitive width of the resection surgical margin was confirmed on histopathological preparations. The mean follow-up, postoperatively, was 100.97 weeks. The majority of patients belonged to the elderly age (56.67%). Preoperative localization of clinically impalpable breast tumors was performed in 52 (34.67%) patients. Most often the tumor was presented as a solitary focus with surrounding foci of in situ cancer (72, 48%), while the most common histological subtype was invasive ductal breast cancer (112 (74.67%)). The majority of breast operations were characterized like quadrantectomy (85 (56.67)), while the most frequent axillary surgery was the determination of the sentinel lymph node (119 (79.33%). No significant difference was observed in the evaluation of radiography quality and the width of the resection surgical margin measured on the mobile digital radiography device between the experienced surgeon and the radiologist. No statistically significant difference was observed in the measurement of the width of the resection surgical margin expressed in millimeters on the mobile digital radiography device by the experienced surgeon and radiologist versus ex tempore histopathological analysis, while the statistical difference was observed after definite histopathological analysis. The chance of breast tissue reexcision after measurement on a mobile digital radiography device is 1.4 times higher than after histopathological ex tempore analysis. Local relapse occurred in one patient during the follow-up period. There is no statistically significant difference in the determination of the width of the resection surgical margin expressed in millimeters using a mobile digital radiography device by an experienced surgeon in breast cancer surgery and radiologist with respect to histopathological ex tempore analysis. However, the statistical difference exists after radiogram analysis by a less experienced surgeon. The palpatory method cannot be considered as a safe method in determining the width of a surgical resection margin. There is no statistically significant difference in the number of breast tissue additional resections between surgeons with different surgical experience.</p>