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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Transporte em um sistema binÃrio de partÃculas auto-propelidas. / Transport in a binary system of self-propelled particles

Jessà Pereira de Oliveira 14 August 2015 (has links)
Originalmente introduzidas por T. Vicksek et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1226 (1995)], partÂıculas auto-propelidas (PAP) possuem uma velocidade intrÂınseca constante que sofre variaÂcËoes em sua direÂcËao como resultados de perturbaÂcËoes externas (outras partÂıculas ou meio) e sËao usadas para modelar sistemas que apresentam efeitos de aglomeraÂcËao. O conceito de PAP Âe aplicado para descrever e entender efeitos dinËamicos de aglomeraÂcËao em sistemas naturais, tais como microorganismos vivos (bactÂerias, vÂırus, etc) e colËonias de indivÂıduos de que se movem em bandos (peixes, ovelhas, abelhas, etc) ou, produzidos artificialmente, como sistemas coloidais especialmente preparadas em laboratÂorio. O estudo de PAP tem sua relevËancia em diversas Âareas do conhecimento, tais como engenharia de materiais, medicina e ciËencias da natureza (fÂısica, quÂımica e biologia). Na maioria dos casos, o movimento coletivo tem um comportamento bastante diferenciado dos movimentos individuais dos componentes de um dado sistema. Assim, o movimento de um certo indivÂıduo Âe influenciado pela presenÂca dos outros constituintes do sistema, alterando o seu comportamento geral, como consequËencia da interaÂcËao direta entre eles. Desta forma, vemos a importËancia da investigaÂcËao e entendimento do comportamento coletivo das PAP. Nesta dissertaÂcËao, estudamos um sistema bidimensional binÂario de PAP na presenÂca de obstÂaculos rÂıgidos com geometria anisotrÂopica (semi-cÂırculos) distribuÂıdos na forma de uma rede quadrada. AlÂem das interaÂcËoes partÂıcula-partÂıcula e partÂıcula-obstÂaculo, o movimento individual de cada PAP sofre influËencia de um ruÂıdo branco. O objetivo Âe caracterizar o transporte de PAP atravÂes do substrato bidimensional na ausËencia de uma forÂca externa propulsora. Apresentamos um estudo sistemÂatico do movimento coletivo das PAP em funÂcËao das velocidades das partÂıculas, da intensidade do ruÂıdo que define o movimento estocÂastico das PAP, do tamanho dos obstÂaculos, da densidade de PAP e da separaÂcËao entre os obstÂaculos. Devido a anisotropia dos obstÂaculos, surge um movimento coletivo espontËaneo e ordenado na direÂcËao normal `a superfÂıcie plana dos obstÂaculos, caracterizado por uma velocidade mÂedia nËao-nula para cada tipo de PAP na ausËencia de forÂca externa e que Âe influenciado pelos parËametros do sistema / Originally introduced by T. Vicksek et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1226 (1995)], Self Propelled Particles (SPP) have an intrinsic constant speed which suffer variations ins its direction as results of external perturbations (another particles or system) and are used to model systems that shows agglomeration effects. The concept of SPP is applied to describe and understand dynamic effects of agglomeration in natural systems, such as living micro-organisms (bacteria, virus, etc.) and colonies of individuals which move in flocks (fishes, sheep, bees) or, artificially produced, as colloidal systems especially prepared in laboratory. The study of SPP has its relevance in several areas of knowledge, such as material engineering, medicine and sciences of nature (physics, chemistry and biology). In most of cases, the collective motion has an well-differentiated behaviour of the individual motion of the components of a given system. So, the movement of a certain individual is affected by the presence of the other elements of the system, changing its general behaviour, as direct consequences of the direct interaction between them. In this way, we see the importance of investigation and understanding of collective motion of the SPP. Especially in this dissertation, we study a binary two-dimensional system of SPP subject to the presence of rigid obstacles with anisotropic geometry (semi-circles) distributed neatly in form of a square web. Beyond the particle-particle and particleobstacle interaction, the individual movement of each SPP suffers influence of an white noise. The objective is characterize the transport of SPP trough the two-dimensional substratum in absence of an propeller external force. We present and systematic study of collective motion of SPP in function of the speed of the particles, of the noise intensity which defines the stochastic movement of SPP, of the size of the obstacles, of the SPP density e the separation between the obstacles. Due the anisotropy of the obstacles, arise an spontaneous and ordered collective motion in normal direction of the plane surface of the obstacles, characterized by an non-null mean speed for each type of SPP in absence of an external force which in affected by the system parameters.

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