The aim of this investigation was to analyze the effects of induced physical exertion on the performance of an immediate mathematical mental ability task among second-grade students. The purpose of the study was to gain information concerning the effects of physical exertion on a mathematical mental task and to evaluate each of four experimental treatment periods (twenty, thirty, forty, and fifty minutes) used to induce physical exertion. Another purpose was to determine whether males or females were more affected by experimentally induced treatments of physical exertion. It was concluded that fifty minutes of prolonged physical exertion as induced by relay game activities had a positive effect on certain mathematical tasks. This conclusion was based on the comparison of the fifty minute treatment performance to the pre-test treatment performed without induced physical exertion. Another conclusion derived from the data was that physical exertion periods of twenty, thirty, and forty minutes had no significant positive or negative effect on certain mental performance when compared to a non-induced physical exertion treatment. It was also concluded that there were no significant differences between male and female mean difference performances.